Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100597
Uma Palanikumar , Rajagopal Balasubramanian , Prasanna Seenivasan , Vellaikumar Sampathrajan , Thangavelu AU
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition that leads to joint degeneration and functional disability. The most advanced pharmacological therapies that have been available for a long time remain limited, as they are associated with adverse effects and incomplete disease remission. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM] is a promising alternative, as it utilizes phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants.
Methods
This study explores the efficacy and mechanistic action of TCM-derived phytochemicals in the management of RA, with insights on in silico approaches, including molecular docking, ADME [Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion] studies, and network-based analysis using Cytoscape. We evaluated the interactions of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoside phytochemicals from key TCM plants with critical targets in RA, like pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-1β], enzymes [COX-2, MMP-9], and signaling pathways [NF-κB, JAK/STAT], considering the applications of computational tools.
Results
The available evidence indicates that TCM phytochemicals modulate inflammation, inhibit key enzymes, and enhance anti-inflammatory responses for multi-target therapy of RA. In silico evidence of the efficacy and mechanistic actions is supportive of the promising therapeutic potential of TCM phytochemicals.
Discussion
Despite their numerous therapeutic advantages, phytochemicals also present certain limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, off-target interactions, and manufacturing challenges. These factors necessitate significant structural modifications before their potential use as drugs. In addition, this study underscores the importance of further experimental and clinical validation.
{"title":"“Exploring the efficacy and mechanistic action of traditional Chinese medicine-derived phytochemicals in rheumatoid arthritis”","authors":"Uma Palanikumar , Rajagopal Balasubramanian , Prasanna Seenivasan , Vellaikumar Sampathrajan , Thangavelu AU","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition that leads to joint degeneration and functional disability. The most advanced pharmacological therapies that have been available for a long time remain limited, as they are associated with adverse effects and incomplete disease remission. In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM] is a promising alternative, as it utilizes phytochemicals obtained from medicinal plants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study explores the efficacy and mechanistic action of TCM-derived phytochemicals in the management of RA, with insights on <em>in silico</em> approaches, including molecular docking, ADME [Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion] studies, and network-based analysis using Cytoscape. We evaluated the interactions of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycoside phytochemicals from key TCM plants with critical targets in RA, like pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-1β], enzymes [COX-2, MMP-9], and signaling pathways [NF-κB, JAK/STAT], considering the applications of computational tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The available evidence indicates that TCM phytochemicals modulate inflammation, inhibit key enzymes, and enhance anti-inflammatory responses for multi-target therapy of RA. <em>In silico</em> evidence of the efficacy and mechanistic actions is supportive of the promising therapeutic potential of TCM phytochemicals.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Despite their numerous therapeutic advantages, phytochemicals also present certain limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, off-target interactions, and manufacturing challenges. These factors necessitate significant structural modifications before their potential use as drugs. In addition, this study underscores the importance of further experimental and clinical validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100587
Ranjith Kumar R , Suresh Janadri , Manjunatha PM , Madhu M V , Rakshitha K B , Preeti P Angadi , Uday Raj Sharma , Surrendra Vada , Nageena Taj , Jyotsna S Kharvi
Background
Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the urinary system. β-Caryophyllene, a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in herbs like cloves (Dīng Zǐ Xiāng), cinnamon (Ròu Guì), Black Pepper (Hú Jiāo) and Ginseng (Rén Shēn). Despite its potential, the antiurolithiatic activity of β-Caryophyllene, particularly in liposomal formulations, remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic effects of liposomal β-Caryophyllene in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.
Materials & methods
IN-VITRO: Using various in-vitro methods like aggregation, nucleation and titrimetric assay the percentage inhibition of calcium oxalate using the calcium chloride (Caox) and sodium oxalate solutions against the liposomal β-carryophyllene was performed for assessing anti-urolithiatic effect.
IN-VIVO: Ethylene glycol was used as the inducing agent. Albino rats were separated into 6 groups. Group-I named as normal diet. Group II-VI was given 0.75 % v/v EG was mixed in drinking water for causing renal stones, along with group III- V was treated with liposomal β-carryophyllene 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. Group-VI was treated with standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg).
Results
The study proved that liposomal β-caryophyllene (BCP) significantly inhibits calcium oxalate crystal formation, aggregation, and dissolution in both in-vitro and in-vivo models. BCP significantly reduced serum and urine markers of renal dysfunction and oxidative stress, with the highest dose (400 mg/kg) demonstrating effects similar to the standard drug (cystone).
Conclusion
Liposomal β-caryophyllene (BCP) shows promising therapeutic agent for urolithiasis, effectively preventing crystal formation and improving renal function. It demonstrated comparable efficacy to the standard treatment, suggesting its potential as a viable alternative or complementary therapy for managing urolithiasis.
{"title":"In-vitro & in-vivo efficacy of liposomal β-carryophyllene in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats","authors":"Ranjith Kumar R , Suresh Janadri , Manjunatha PM , Madhu M V , Rakshitha K B , Preeti P Angadi , Uday Raj Sharma , Surrendra Vada , Nageena Taj , Jyotsna S Kharvi","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the urinary system. β-Caryophyllene, a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in herbs like cloves (Dīng Zǐ Xiāng), cinnamon (Ròu Guì), Black Pepper (Hú Jiāo) and Ginseng (Rén Shēn). Despite its potential, the antiurolithiatic activity of β-Caryophyllene, particularly in liposomal formulations, remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic effects of liposomal β-Caryophyllene in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in Wistar albino rats and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Materials & methods</h3><div><strong><em>IN-VITRO</em>:</strong> Using various in-vitro methods like aggregation, nucleation and titrimetric assay the percentage inhibition of calcium oxalate using the calcium chloride (Caox) and sodium oxalate solutions against the liposomal β-carryophyllene was performed for assessing anti-urolithiatic effect.</div><div><strong><em>IN-VIVO</em>:</strong> Ethylene glycol was used as the inducing agent. Albino rats were separated into 6 groups. Group-I named as normal diet. Group II-VI was given 0.75 % v/v EG was mixed in drinking water for causing renal stones, along with group III- V was treated with liposomal β-carryophyllene 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. Group-VI was treated with standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study proved that liposomal β-caryophyllene (BCP) significantly inhibits calcium oxalate crystal formation, aggregation, and dissolution in both <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in-vivo</em> models. BCP significantly reduced serum and urine markers of renal dysfunction and oxidative stress, with the highest dose (400 mg/kg) demonstrating effects similar to the standard drug (cystone).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Liposomal β-caryophyllene (BCP) shows promising therapeutic agent for urolithiasis, effectively preventing crystal formation and improving renal function. It demonstrated comparable efficacy to the standard treatment, suggesting its potential as a viable alternative or complementary therapy for managing urolithiasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe (YHHR) has been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic effects, as detailed in various studies and clinical observations. However, the potential mechanism underlying atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the effects of YHHR on gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolite levels in atherosclerotic mice and its mechanism of action.
Materials and Methods
SPF apoE-/- mice were fed high-fat chow for 12 weeks to build an atherosclerosis model, Additionally, blank control group mice were fed normal chow, Mice were randomly assigned to the model group, low, medium and high dose YHHR group, antibiotic group and antibiotic + medium dose YHHR group. After three courses of drug administration, aortic plaques were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining, and mouse feces and serum were collected. The feces and serum of mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, microbiological analysis, and targeted metabolomics. For cellular experiments, by constructing a foam cell model and applyingglycoursodeoxycholic acid(GUDCA)and Compound C interventions, WB was used to detect macrophage AMPK signaling pathway-related protein (AMPK) and efferocytosis-associated protein (ProS).
Results
YHHR was able to attenuate atherosclerotic plaque area, up-regulate the levels of gut bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and gut bacteria-associated metabolite bile acids GUDCA, and promote macrophage efferocytosis through the AMPK signaling pathway to exert anti-AS effects.
Conclusion
YHHR may play a role in preventing atherosclerosis by influencing the production of the intestinal flora and its associated metabolites.
{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating intestinal flora and its associated metabolites","authors":"Hongtao Huang , Wenqing Lv , Hanjun Zhao , Feiyue Xu , Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe (YHHR) has been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic effects, as detailed in various studies and clinical observations. However, the potential mechanism underlying atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the effects of YHHR on gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolite levels in atherosclerotic mice and its mechanism of action.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>SPF apoE-/- mice were fed high-fat chow for 12 weeks to build an atherosclerosis model, Additionally, blank control group mice were fed normal chow, Mice were randomly assigned to the model group, low, medium and high dose YHHR group, antibiotic group and antibiotic + medium dose YHHR group. After three courses of drug administration, aortic plaques were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining, and mouse feces and serum were collected. The feces and serum of mice were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, microbiological analysis, and targeted metabolomics. For cellular experiments, by constructing a foam cell model and applyingglycoursodeoxycholic acid(GUDCA)and Compound C interventions, WB was used to detect macrophage AMPK signaling pathway-related protein (AMPK) and efferocytosis-associated protein (ProS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>YHHR was able to attenuate atherosclerotic plaque area, up-regulate the levels of gut bacteria <em>Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila)</em> and gut bacteria-associated metabolite bile acids GUDCA, and promote macrophage efferocytosis through the AMPK signaling pathway to exert anti-AS effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>YHHR may play a role in preventing atherosclerosis by influencing the production of the intestinal flora and its associated metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100582
Yingying Li , Haonan Wu , Ruoqi Li , Wenjing Zong , Xiang Li , Huamin Zhang , Danli Tang
Introduction
Tanyu Tongzhi decoction (TYTZD) is an orally administered traditional Chinese medicine formula that is used to treat atherosclerosis (AS). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite, has been shown to accelerate AS development and progression. Despite its various health benefits, it is unclear whether TYTZD can ameliorate TMAO-mediated vascular inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanisms of TYTZD in TMAO-induced vascular inflammation during AS progression.
Methods
Key ingredients of TYTZD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, we established an AS model by feeding ApoE-/- mice high-fat and high-choline diet (HFCD). We examined the anti-AS effects of TYTZD using histological assay, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. Furthermore, we examined the effect of TYTZD on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with TMAO using CCK-8 assay.
Results
In vivo experiment showed that TYTZD treatment ameliorated AS by preventing dyslipidemia, reducing lipid deposition area in the intimal plaque, inhibiting arterial inflammation, and suppressing serum levels of TMA and TMAO in ApoE-/- mice. Additionally, TYTZD significantly inhibited TMAO-induced endothelial activation, suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1), and downregulated PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB protein expression in HUVECs.
Conclusions
TYTZD ameliorates AS by inhibiting TMAO-induced vascular inflammation via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway; these findings highlight its potential application for the treatment of AS and associated disorders.
{"title":"Tanyu Tongzhi decoction ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine N-oxide-induced vascular inflammation via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway regulation","authors":"Yingying Li , Haonan Wu , Ruoqi Li , Wenjing Zong , Xiang Li , Huamin Zhang , Danli Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tanyu Tongzhi decoction (TYTZD) is an orally administered traditional Chinese medicine formula that is used to treat atherosclerosis (AS). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite, has been shown to accelerate AS development and progression. Despite its various health benefits, it is unclear whether TYTZD can ameliorate TMAO-mediated vascular inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the effect and molecular mechanisms of TYTZD in TMAO-induced vascular inflammation during AS progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Key ingredients of TYTZD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, we established an AS model by feeding <em>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup></em> mice high-fat and high-choline diet (HFCD). We examined the anti-AS effects of TYTZD using histological assay, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. Furthermore, we examined the effect of TYTZD on the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with TMAO using CCK-8 assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In vivo</em> experiment showed that TYTZD treatment ameliorated AS by preventing dyslipidemia, reducing lipid deposition area in the intimal plaque, inhibiting arterial inflammation, and suppressing serum levels of TMA and TMAO in <em>ApoE<sup>-/-</sup></em> mice. Additionally, TYTZD significantly inhibited TMAO-induced endothelial activation, suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and MCP-1), and downregulated PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB protein expression in HUVECs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TYTZD ameliorates AS by inhibiting TMAO-induced vascular inflammation via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway; these findings highlight its potential application for the treatment of AS and associated disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100592
Yarong Zhang , Haoshi Cao , Linling Su , Xianxia Yuan , Ling Mo , Wenyu Jiang , Xiaoli Feng , Dongling Liu , Yang Hai
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the formulation of Qing Xuan Decoction (QXD) and its possible mechanism of action in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC).
Methods
We used orthogonal design experiments to optimize the decoction and ethanol precipitation process for QXD. The efficacy of QXD on loperamide - induced constipation in mice was explored via intestinal motility assay and defecation study. We examined the influence of QXD on the intestinal microbiota of mice through 16S rRNA sequencing. We assessed the alterations in the H2O2 and superoxide anion scavenging rates in serum using commercial kits.
Results
The optimal decoction protocol for QXD entails boiling it with a 10 - fold volume of water for three consecutive cycles, each lasting 1.5 h. The optimized ethanol precipitation process requires using 85 % ethanol and performing the procedure three times, with each instance of precipitation lasting over 48 h. QXD enhanced small intestine propulsion rate and defecation efficacy, significantly ameliorating loperamide-induced constipation. QXD increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Akkermansia in the intestine, decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio, and kept the intestinal flora balanced. QXD mitigated oxidative stress by decreasing H₂O₂ levels and augmenting superoxide anion scavenging ability.
Conclusion
QXD is expected to be a promising therapeutic drug for OIC, and its mechanism of action may be to alleviate constipation by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora while reducing oxidative stress.
{"title":"Exploring the efficacy and mechanism of Qingxuan decoction in treating opioid-induced constipation","authors":"Yarong Zhang , Haoshi Cao , Linling Su , Xianxia Yuan , Ling Mo , Wenyu Jiang , Xiaoli Feng , Dongling Liu , Yang Hai","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the formulation of Qing Xuan Decoction (QXD) and its possible mechanism of action in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used orthogonal design experiments to optimize the decoction and ethanol precipitation process for QXD. The efficacy of QXD on loperamide - induced constipation in mice was explored via intestinal motility assay and defecation study. We examined the influence of QXD on the intestinal microbiota of mice through 16S rRNA sequencing. We assessed the alterations in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and superoxide anion scavenging rates in serum using commercial kits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The optimal decoction protocol for QXD entails boiling it with a 10 - fold volume of water for three consecutive cycles, each lasting 1.5 h. The optimized ethanol precipitation process requires using 85 % ethanol and performing the procedure three times, with each instance of precipitation lasting over 48 h. QXD enhanced small intestine propulsion rate and defecation efficacy, significantly ameliorating loperamide-induced constipation. QXD increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Akkermansia in the intestine, decreased the abundance of Desulfovibrio, and kept the intestinal flora balanced. QXD mitigated oxidative stress by decreasing H₂O₂ levels and augmenting superoxide anion scavenging ability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>QXD is expected to be a promising therapeutic drug for OIC, and its mechanism of action may be to alleviate constipation by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora while reducing oxidative stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100595
Fuyun Jia , Shengwei Gao , Qiaochu Zhu , Opoku Bonsu Francis , Rui Liu , Yadong Wang , Rui Zhang , Shichuan Chen , Zilian Zhan , Xi Zhang , Qiang Xu
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health issue with an estimated prevalence of 64 million people globally. After many years of use and development, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich clinical usefulness in many diseases. This network meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of nine different Chinese traditional patent medicines (CTPMs) in the treatment of heart failure developing after acute myocardial infarction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Determine the eligibility criteria for inclusion and exclusion in advance. Starting from literature search until September 20, 2024, conduct comprehensive data retrieval on 7 different databases. Network plots, league tables, surface-under-the-cumulative ranking (SUCRA), and funnel plots were created for each outcome. A previous registration (PROSPERO CRD42024519394) of this review protocol was undertaken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 56 eligible RCTs involving 5,567 patients with heart failure secondary to acute myocardial infarction in which nine CTPMs were used as treatment are included. The CTPMs included <em>Qili Qiangxin</em> capsule (QLQXC), Compound <em>Danshen Dripping</em> Pills (CDDP), <em>Shexiang Baoxin</em> pill (SXBXP), Stilbene <em>yiqi</em> dropping refs (SYQDR), <em>Xintong</em> oral liquid (XTOL), <em>Wenxin</em> granule (WXG), <em>Tongxinluo</em> capsule (TXLC), and <em>Guanxinshutong</em> capsule (GXSTC) and <em>Huangqibaoxin</em> particle (HQBXP). The experimental group received CTPM therapy in addition to conventional Western medicine (CWM) treatment, whereas the control group received just CWM treatment. The results showed that compared to those treated with CWM alone, those treated with CPTM + CWM considerably improved in all relevant measures. When evaluating clinical effectiveness based on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and the New York Heart Association's (NYHA) cardiac functional classification, WXG + CWM was shown to be the most successful in enhancing cardiac efficiency. The 6-minute walking test results were most improved by SXBXP + CWM, but N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide reduction, left ventricular ejection percent, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter were best achieved by XTOL + CWM. When compared to the other combination treatments, the QLQXC + CWM therapy was the most successful in increasing left ventricular end-diastolic volume while the GXSTC + CWM treatment was the most successful in increasing left ventricular end-systolic volume. There were no appreciable variations in safety between the groups treated with CWM alone and the ones treated with CTPMs plus CWM.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In contrast to CWM therapy alone, the combination of CTPMs and CWM treatment offers greater therapeutic benefits and is safe for treating heart failure that follows an acute myocardial infarction. For heart failure that develops after an acute myocard
{"title":"Comparative efficacy studies of nine Chinese traditional patent medicines for the treatment of post-myocardial infarction heart failure: A Bayesian network","authors":"Fuyun Jia , Shengwei Gao , Qiaochu Zhu , Opoku Bonsu Francis , Rui Liu , Yadong Wang , Rui Zhang , Shichuan Chen , Zilian Zhan , Xi Zhang , Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing public health issue with an estimated prevalence of 64 million people globally. After many years of use and development, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich clinical usefulness in many diseases. This network meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of nine different Chinese traditional patent medicines (CTPMs) in the treatment of heart failure developing after acute myocardial infarction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Determine the eligibility criteria for inclusion and exclusion in advance. Starting from literature search until September 20, 2024, conduct comprehensive data retrieval on 7 different databases. Network plots, league tables, surface-under-the-cumulative ranking (SUCRA), and funnel plots were created for each outcome. A previous registration (PROSPERO CRD42024519394) of this review protocol was undertaken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 56 eligible RCTs involving 5,567 patients with heart failure secondary to acute myocardial infarction in which nine CTPMs were used as treatment are included. The CTPMs included <em>Qili Qiangxin</em> capsule (QLQXC), Compound <em>Danshen Dripping</em> Pills (CDDP), <em>Shexiang Baoxin</em> pill (SXBXP), Stilbene <em>yiqi</em> dropping refs (SYQDR), <em>Xintong</em> oral liquid (XTOL), <em>Wenxin</em> granule (WXG), <em>Tongxinluo</em> capsule (TXLC), and <em>Guanxinshutong</em> capsule (GXSTC) and <em>Huangqibaoxin</em> particle (HQBXP). The experimental group received CTPM therapy in addition to conventional Western medicine (CWM) treatment, whereas the control group received just CWM treatment. The results showed that compared to those treated with CWM alone, those treated with CPTM + CWM considerably improved in all relevant measures. When evaluating clinical effectiveness based on left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and the New York Heart Association's (NYHA) cardiac functional classification, WXG + CWM was shown to be the most successful in enhancing cardiac efficiency. The 6-minute walking test results were most improved by SXBXP + CWM, but N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide reduction, left ventricular ejection percent, and left ventricular end-systolic diameter were best achieved by XTOL + CWM. When compared to the other combination treatments, the QLQXC + CWM therapy was the most successful in increasing left ventricular end-diastolic volume while the GXSTC + CWM treatment was the most successful in increasing left ventricular end-systolic volume. There were no appreciable variations in safety between the groups treated with CWM alone and the ones treated with CTPMs plus CWM.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>In contrast to CWM therapy alone, the combination of CTPMs and CWM treatment offers greater therapeutic benefits and is safe for treating heart failure that follows an acute myocardial infarction. For heart failure that develops after an acute myocard","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-18DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100594
Lokeshvar Ravikumar , Ramaiyan Velmurugan , J Sam Helinto , S Yokesh , B Divya , Harshitha GS , Harish Kanna S , Mahalakshmi Devaraji
Background
Pueraria, a renowned traditional Chinese herb, has been valued for both medicinal and culinary uses. Puerarin, its primary bioactive compound, exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile and has garnered attention for its hepatoprotective properties. This review explores puerarin's potential in managing liver diseases, including hepatic malignancy, alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Methods
An extensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that examine puerarin's effects on liver disease pathways. Emphasis was placed on its mechanisms involving lipid metabolism regulation, oxidative stress reduction, autophagy induction, and inflammation modulation. The review also evaluates novel drug delivery techniques designed to enhance puerarin's bioavailability, given its limited solubility.
Results
Puerarin demonstrates therapeutic efficacy across various liver diseases by targeting key biochemical pathways. Studies show it effectively modulates lipid levels, reduces oxidative stress, induces autophagy, and decreases inflammation. Recent advances in drug delivery have significantly improved puerarin's bioavailability, enhancing its clinical application potential.
Discussion and Conclusion
Puerarin holds promise as a safe, low-toxicity treatment for liver diseases, backed by favourable pharmacological activity and clinical trial data. Its hepatoprotective actions are further strengthened through innovative drug delivery methods, highlighting puerarin's viability in therapeutic applications. Continued research is recommended to further understand its mechanisms and optimize delivery strategies. Puerarin's unique pharmacological profile positions it as a potential therapeutic agent for liver disease management.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of puerarin in liver disease: A comprehensive review of pharmacological effects and drug delivery innovations","authors":"Lokeshvar Ravikumar , Ramaiyan Velmurugan , J Sam Helinto , S Yokesh , B Divya , Harshitha GS , Harish Kanna S , Mahalakshmi Devaraji","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pueraria, a renowned traditional Chinese herb, has been valued for both medicinal and culinary uses. Puerarin, its primary bioactive compound, exhibits a diverse pharmacological profile and has garnered attention for its hepatoprotective properties. This review explores puerarin's potential in managing liver diseases, including hepatic malignancy, alcohol-associated liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An extensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies that examine puerarin's effects on liver disease pathways. Emphasis was placed on its mechanisms involving lipid metabolism regulation, oxidative stress reduction, autophagy induction, and inflammation modulation. The review also evaluates novel drug delivery techniques designed to enhance puerarin's bioavailability, given its limited solubility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Puerarin demonstrates therapeutic efficacy across various liver diseases by targeting key biochemical pathways. Studies show it effectively modulates lipid levels, reduces oxidative stress, induces autophagy, and decreases inflammation. Recent advances in drug delivery have significantly improved puerarin's bioavailability, enhancing its clinical application potential.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusion</h3><div>Puerarin holds promise as a safe, low-toxicity treatment for liver diseases, backed by favourable pharmacological activity and clinical trial data. Its hepatoprotective actions are further strengthened through innovative drug delivery methods, highlighting puerarin's viability in therapeutic applications. Continued research is recommended to further understand its mechanisms and optimize delivery strategies. Puerarin's unique pharmacological profile positions it as a potential therapeutic agent for liver disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing (TCMP) is an integral component of Chinese medicine culture, playing a crucial role in altering the pharmacological properties of herbs, increasing their efficacy and mitigating their toxicity and adverse reactions, in order to optimize their therapeutic efficacy. Recent research has established a correlation between the gut microbiota (GM) and various physiological systems, implicating their role in disease pathogenesis. Leveraging advancements in high-throughput technologies, GM has become a prominent focus within the realm of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Notably, Chinese herbal remedies exhibit the capacity to modulate GM dysbiosis by influencing its structural and composition. Furthermore, GM actively partakes in the metabolic processing of medicinal compounds, thereby influencing their bioavailability. The application of high-throughput sequencing methodologies enables a comprehensive exploration of the intricate mechanisms through which TCM interact with the host organism via the GM, offering insights into the underlying principles governing herbal processing in Chinese medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Various scientific research articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI, were explored to find the research progress of GM in TCMP. A total of >200 articles since 2015 were explored among which >100 were shortlisted with the keywords: ‘GM’, ‘Chinese medicine’, ‘efficacy enhancing’, ‘attenuation’, ‘medicinal properties’, ‘theory of processing’. And the rest did not explain the mechanism of TCMP from the perspective of GM. The thus selected research articles were carefully read to summarize the latest and most recent developments in writing of this review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study summarizes the application progress of GM in the field of TCMP, with a focus on its role in the theory of processing and its effects on enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity and altering medicinal properties. The results show that the TCMP could restore the structure and diversity of GM to enhance the efficacy of herbs, reduce the toxic and side effects, and change the nature of action of herbs, mainly by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and regulating the balance of GM and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study provides a reference of methods and ideas for the research of the study of the mechanism of TCMP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GM has a broad application prospect in the study of the mechanism of TCMP. After the intervention in the body within processing of herbs, the structure and diversity of GM was changed, including an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, the efficacy was enhanced, the toxicity/side effects were reduced, and the properties were changed to some extent of herbs. They interact with each o
{"title":"The role of gut microbiota in traditional Chinese medicine processing: A general review","authors":"Rui-Rui Qiao , Ya-Long Chen , Ya-Ya Bai , An-Dong Dong , Rui Tian , Ya-Jun Shi , Chong-Bo Zhao , Peng Zhao , Jing Sun , Qiao Zhang , Yu-Ping Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing (TCMP) is an integral component of Chinese medicine culture, playing a crucial role in altering the pharmacological properties of herbs, increasing their efficacy and mitigating their toxicity and adverse reactions, in order to optimize their therapeutic efficacy. Recent research has established a correlation between the gut microbiota (GM) and various physiological systems, implicating their role in disease pathogenesis. Leveraging advancements in high-throughput technologies, GM has become a prominent focus within the realm of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Notably, Chinese herbal remedies exhibit the capacity to modulate GM dysbiosis by influencing its structural and composition. Furthermore, GM actively partakes in the metabolic processing of medicinal compounds, thereby influencing their bioavailability. The application of high-throughput sequencing methodologies enables a comprehensive exploration of the intricate mechanisms through which TCM interact with the host organism via the GM, offering insights into the underlying principles governing herbal processing in Chinese medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Various scientific research articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI, were explored to find the research progress of GM in TCMP. A total of >200 articles since 2015 were explored among which >100 were shortlisted with the keywords: ‘GM’, ‘Chinese medicine’, ‘efficacy enhancing’, ‘attenuation’, ‘medicinal properties’, ‘theory of processing’. And the rest did not explain the mechanism of TCMP from the perspective of GM. The thus selected research articles were carefully read to summarize the latest and most recent developments in writing of this review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study summarizes the application progress of GM in the field of TCMP, with a focus on its role in the theory of processing and its effects on enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity and altering medicinal properties. The results show that the TCMP could restore the structure and diversity of GM to enhance the efficacy of herbs, reduce the toxic and side effects, and change the nature of action of herbs, mainly by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and regulating the balance of GM and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study provides a reference of methods and ideas for the research of the study of the mechanism of TCMP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GM has a broad application prospect in the study of the mechanism of TCMP. After the intervention in the body within processing of herbs, the structure and diversity of GM was changed, including an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, the efficacy was enhanced, the toxicity/side effects were reduced, and the properties were changed to some extent of herbs. They interact with each o","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100589
Chang Liu , Jingji Wang , Guoqi Zhu
Introduction
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression are two important neurological disorders with their own causes and pathogenesis. Modern research shows that AD and depression also have a series of common pathologies. Moreover, AD and depression often occur simultaneously, and depression appears in the early stages of AD and can accelerate its progression. Therefore, the common mechanism between AD and depression deserves attention. The classic famous prescription, Kai-Xin-San (KXS) could treat both of AD and depression clinically. In this study, we reviewed the efficacy of KXS against AD and depression, and proposed "Homotherapy for Heteropathy" in treating AD and depression based on the analysis of the mechanisms.
Methods
CNKI database, Web of science database and PubMed database were used to explore the therapeutic effects of KXS on AD and depression with keywords such as “Alzheimer's disease”, “AD”, “depression” and “Kai-Xin-San”, etc.
Results
This review suggests that KXS has exact effects on AD and depression and the mechanisms involve modulations of synaptic function, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, gut microbiota and hippocampal neurogenesis. According to the common mechanisms of AD and depression, and the potential treatment of KXS, we propose the "Homotherapy for Heteropathy" efficacy of KXS in treating AD and depression.
Conclusions
This review summarizes the common mechanisms between AD and depression, providing important insights for the use of KXS in treating neurological diseases.
{"title":"Progress of Kai-Xin-San in treating AD and depression: The possibility of \"Homotherapy for Heteropathy\"","authors":"Chang Liu , Jingji Wang , Guoqi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression are two important neurological disorders with their own causes and pathogenesis. Modern research shows that AD and depression also have a series of common pathologies. Moreover, AD and depression often occur simultaneously, and depression appears in the early stages of AD and can accelerate its progression. Therefore, the common mechanism between AD and depression deserves attention. The classic famous prescription, Kai-Xin-San (KXS) could treat both of AD and depression clinically. In this study, we reviewed the efficacy of KXS against AD and depression, and proposed \"Homotherapy for Heteropathy\" in treating AD and depression based on the analysis of the mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CNKI database, Web of science database and PubMed database were used to explore the therapeutic effects of KXS on AD and depression with keywords such as “Alzheimer's disease”, “AD”, “depression” and “Kai-Xin-San”, <em>etc</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This review suggests that KXS has exact effects on AD and depression and the mechanisms involve modulations of synaptic function, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, gut microbiota and hippocampal neurogenesis. According to the common mechanisms of AD and depression, and the potential treatment of KXS, we propose the \"Homotherapy for Heteropathy\" efficacy of KXS in treating AD and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review summarizes the common mechanisms between AD and depression, providing important insights for the use of KXS in treating neurological diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100583
Sahaya Mercy Jaquline R , Neeraj Kumar , Nilajan Saha , Vidhu Aeri
Background
Diabetes mellitus, a globally prevalent metabolic disorder, often requires treatments focused on glycemic control but with limited long-term efficacy and side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a holistic alternative, addressing metabolic imbalances and preventing complications. This study explores the antidiabetic potential of Leptadenia reticulata (Jivanti) and Marsdenia tenacissima (Tong-guang-san) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.
Methods and Materials
The root's ethanolic and aqueous ethanolic extracts (8:2) were prepared using a static maceration process. The α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, and anti-glycation assay were performed using the extracts (50 to 300 µg/mL). Further, the extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were subjected to in-vivo anti-diabetic activity in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and the fasting blood glucose, biochemical parameters, and lipid profile were measured. After the experimental conditions, the rats were sacrificed for pathological changes in the kidney, pancreas, and liver.
Main Findings
The ethanolic extract of L. reticulata (IC50 -106.414 µg/mL) showed good inhibition of α-amylase compared to the standard acarbose (IC50 -120.74 µg/mL). While ethanolic extract of M. tenacissima showed excellent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 -89.645 µg/mL), and anti-glycation activity (IC50 -99.66 µg/mL) at 300 µg/mL exhibiting postprandial hypoglycemic effect. The OGTT test revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the roots of both plants at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w dose reduced the elevated blood glucose level and restored the elevated liver parameters significantly (p < 0.001). The group treated with ethanolic extract of L. reticulata and M. tenacissima at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w showed amelioration of the elevated parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins to baseline state significantly (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the histopathological studies showed restoration of a bunch of β-cells, which stimulated the insulin and glucose uptake by tissue, thus reducing the glucose load and increasing clearance.
Principal Conclusion
These investigations revealed the anti-diabetic potential of the L. reticulata and M. tenacissima root extracts, which warrants further clinical and molecular studies to make them applicable to the management of diabetes.
{"title":"Traditional chinese medicine as a source of anti-diabetic agents: Investigating the potential of Leptadenia reticulata and Marsdenia tenacissima roots","authors":"Sahaya Mercy Jaquline R , Neeraj Kumar , Nilajan Saha , Vidhu Aeri","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes mellitus, a globally prevalent metabolic disorder, often requires treatments focused on glycemic control but with limited long-term efficacy and side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a holistic alternative, addressing metabolic imbalances and preventing complications. This study explores the antidiabetic potential of <em>Leptadenia reticulata</em> (Jivanti) and <em>Marsdenia tenacissima</em> (Tong-guang-san) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and Materials</h3><div>The root's ethanolic and aqueous ethanolic extracts (8:2) were prepared using a static maceration process. The α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, and anti-glycation assay were performed using the extracts (50 to 300 µg/mL). Further, the extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) were subjected to <em>in-vivo</em> anti-diabetic activity in Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and the fasting blood glucose, biochemical parameters, and lipid profile were measured. After the experimental conditions, the rats were sacrificed for pathological changes in the kidney, pancreas, and liver.</div></div><div><h3>Main Findings</h3><div>The ethanolic extract of L. <em>reticulata</em> (IC<sub>50</sub> -106.414 µg/mL) showed good inhibition of α-amylase compared to the standard acarbose (IC<sub>50</sub> -120.74 µg/mL). While ethanolic extract of M<em>. tenacissima</em> showed excellent inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC<sub>50</sub> -89.645 µg/mL), and anti-glycation activity (IC<sub>50</sub> -99.66 µg/mL) at 300 µg/mL exhibiting postprandial hypoglycemic effect. The OGTT test revealed that the ethanolic extracts of the roots of both plants at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w dose reduced the elevated blood glucose level and restored the elevated liver parameters significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.001). The group treated with ethanolic extract of L. <em>reticulata</em> and M<em>. tenacissima</em> at 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w showed amelioration of the elevated parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins to baseline state significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.001). On the other hand, the histopathological studies showed restoration of a bunch of β-cells, which stimulated the insulin and glucose uptake by tissue, thus reducing the glucose load and increasing clearance.</div></div><div><h3>Principal Conclusion</h3><div>These investigations revealed the anti-diabetic potential of the L. <em>reticulata</em> and M<em>. tenacissima</em> root extracts, which warrants further clinical and molecular studies to make them applicable to the management of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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