Bioactive compounds regulate appetite through the melanocortin system: a review.

IF 5.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Food & Function Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1039/d4fo04024d
Yujia Niu, Wancong Yu, Xiaohong Kou, Shuqi Wu, Mengyi Liu, Chenlong Chen, Jiaxin Ji, Ying Shao, Zhaohui Xue
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Abstract

Obesity, a significant health crisis, arises from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Enhancing appetite regulation has garnered substantial attention from researchers as a novel and effective strategy for weight management. The melanocortin system, situated in the hypothalamus, is recognized as a critical node in the regulation of appetite. It integrates long-term and short-term hormone signals from the periphery as well as nutrients, forming a complex network of interacting feedback mechanisms with the gut-brain axis, significantly contributing to the regulation of energy homeostasis. Appetite regulation by bioactive compounds has been a focus of intensive research due to their favorable safety profiles and easy accessibility. These bioactive compounds, derived from a variety of plant and animal sources, modulate the melanocortin system and influence appetite and energy homeostasis through multiple pathways: central nervous system, peripheral hormones, and intestinal microbiota. Here, we review the anatomy, function, and receptors of the melanocortin system, outline the long-term and short-term regulatory hormones that act on the melanocortin system, and discuss the bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action that exert a regulatory effect on appetite by targeting the melanocortin system. This review contributes to a better understanding of how bioactive compounds regulate appetite via the melanocortin system, thereby providing nutritional references for citizens' dietary preferences.

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生物活性化合物通过黑色素皮质素系统调节食欲:综述。
肥胖症是一个重大的健康危机,它源于能量摄入和消耗之间的不平衡。加强食欲调节作为一种新颖而有效的体重管理策略,已经引起了研究人员的极大关注。位于下丘脑的黑色皮质素系统被认为是调节食欲的关键节点。它整合了来自外周的长期和短期激素信号以及营养物质,与肠道-大脑轴形成了一个复杂的相互作用反馈机制网络,对能量平衡的调节做出了重要贡献。由于生物活性化合物具有良好的安全性和易获得性,因此通过生物活性化合物调节食欲一直是深入研究的重点。这些生物活性化合物来源于多种植物和动物,可调节黑色素皮质素系统,并通过中枢神经系统、外周激素和肠道微生物群等多种途径影响食欲和能量平衡。在此,我们回顾了黑色素皮质素系统的解剖、功能和受体,概述了作用于黑色素皮质素系统的长期和短期调节激素,并讨论了通过靶向黑色素皮质素系统对食欲产生调节作用的生物活性化合物及其作用机制。这篇综述有助于更好地理解生物活性化合物如何通过黑色素皮质素系统调节食欲,从而为市民的饮食偏好提供营养参考。
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来源期刊
Food & Function
Food & Function BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
6.60%
发文量
957
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: Food & Function provides a unique venue for physicists, chemists, biochemists, nutritionists and other food scientists to publish work at the interface of the chemistry, physics and biology of food. The journal focuses on food and the functions of food in relation to health.
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