Advances in genomic tools for plant breeding: harnessing DNA molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing.

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Biological Research Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1186/s40659-024-00562-6
Rahul Kumar, Sankar Prasad Das, Burhan Uddin Choudhury, Amit Kumar, Nitish Ranjan Prakash, Ramlakhan Verma, Mridul Chakraborti, Ayam Gangarani Devi, Bijoya Bhattacharjee, Rekha Das, Bapi Das, H Lembisana Devi, Biswajit Das, Santoshi Rawat, Vinay Kumar Mishra
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Conventional pre-genomics breeding methodologies have significantly improved crop yields since the mid-twentieth century. Genomics provides breeders with advanced tools for whole-genome study, enabling a direct genotype-phenotype analysis. This shift has led to precise and efficient crop development through genomics-based approaches, including molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing. Molecular markers, such as SNPs, are crucial for identifying genomic regions linked to important traits, enhancing breeding accuracy and efficiency. Genomic resources viz. genetic markers, reference genomes, sequence and protein databases, transcriptomes, and gene expression profiles, are vital in plant breeding and aid in the identification of key traits, understanding genetic diversity, assist in genomic mapping, support marker-assisted selection and speeding up breeding programs. Advanced techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 allow precise gene modification, accelerating breeding processes. Key techniques like Genome-Wide Association study (GWAS), Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), and Genomic Selection (GS) enable precise trait selection and prediction of breeding outcomes, improving crop yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. These tools are handy for complex traits influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors. This paper explores new genomic technologies like molecular markers, genomic selection, and genome editing for plant breeding showcasing their impact on developing new plant varieties.

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用于植物育种的基因组工具的进展:利用 DNA 分子标记、基因组选择和基因组编辑。
自二十世纪中期以来,基因组学之前的传统育种方法已显著提高了作物产量。基因组学为育种者提供了先进的全基因组研究工具,可直接进行基因型-表型分析。这一转变通过基于基因组学的方法,包括分子标记、基因组选择和基因组编辑,实现了精确高效的作物开发。分子标记(如 SNP)对于确定与重要性状相关的基因组区域、提高育种准确性和效率至关重要。基因组资源,即遗传标记、参考基因组、序列和蛋白质数据库、转录组和基因表达谱,对植物育种至关重要,有助于鉴定关键性状、了解遗传多样性、协助基因组绘图、支持标记辅助选择和加快育种计划。CRISPR/Cas9 等先进技术可对基因进行精确改造,加快育种进程。全基因组关联研究(GWAS)、标记辅助选择(MAS)和基因组选择(GS)等关键技术可实现精确的性状选择和育种结果预测,提高作物产量、抗病性和抗逆性。对于受多基因和环境因素影响的复杂性状,这些工具非常方便。本文探讨了用于植物育种的分子标记、基因组选择和基因组编辑等新基因组技术,展示了这些技术对开发植物新品种的影响。
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来源期刊
Biological Research
Biological Research 生物-生物学
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that encompasses diverse fields of experimental biology, such as biochemistry, bioinformatics, biotechnology, cell biology, cancer, chemical biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, immunology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, neuroscience, plant biology, physiology, stem cell research, structural biology and systems biology.
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