Bioactive MXene hydrogel promotes structural and functional regeneration of skeletal muscle through improving autophagy and muscle innervation

Q1 Engineering Smart Materials in Medicine Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.002
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Abstract

Complete skeletal muscle regeneration after traumatic injuries remains a challenge due to impaired regenerative capability and dysregulated microenvironments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the muscle regeneration process by regulating myogenic and non-myogenic cells. Herein, we report a bioactive MXene hydrogel (FPGM) capable of upregulating autophagy and increasing muscle innervation to restore skeletal muscle structure and function. FPGM possessed excellent electrical conductivity, tissue adhesive ability and antioxidation, which could eliminate excess reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative stress and decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine. FPGM upregulated the autophagy level of myoblasts and promoted the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells as well as myogenic differentiation with negligible toxicity. FPGM accelerated muscle fiber formation and skeletal muscle regeneration by improving autophagy, which could regulate microenvironment through raising M2 macrophages to alleviate excessive inflammation, facilitating angiogenesis and decreasing fibrous scar tissue formation in vivo. Importantly, FPGM could efficiently restore muscle function by improving muscle innervation, tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential amplitude and neuromuscular conduction. This work demonstrates that bioactive MXene hydrogel should be a promising candidate for complete skeletal muscle regeneration.

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生物活性 MXene 水凝胶通过改善自噬和肌肉神经支配促进骨骼肌的结构和功能再生
由于再生能力受损和微环境失调,创伤后骨骼肌的完全再生仍是一项挑战。自噬通过调节成肌细胞和非成肌细胞,在肌肉再生过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在此,我们报告了一种生物活性 MXene 水凝胶(FPGM),它能够上调自噬并增加肌肉神经支配,从而恢复骨骼肌的结构和功能。FPGM具有良好的导电性、组织粘附性和抗氧化性,能消除过量的活性氧,从而降低氧化应激,减少促炎细胞因子的分泌。FPGM 能提高成肌细胞的自噬水平,促进内皮细胞的迁移和管形成,并促进成肌细胞的分化,其毒性几乎可以忽略不计。FPGM可通过提高自噬水平加速肌纤维的形成和骨骼肌的再生,并可通过提高M2巨噬细胞来调节微环境,从而缓解过度炎症,促进血管生成,减少体内纤维瘢痕组织的形成。重要的是,FPGM 可通过改善肌肉神经支配、胫骨前复合肌动作电位振幅和神经肌肉传导,有效恢复肌肉功能。这项研究表明,生物活性 MXene 水凝胶有望成为骨骼肌完全再生的候选材料。
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来源期刊
Smart Materials in Medicine
Smart Materials in Medicine Engineering-Biomedical Engineering
CiteScore
14.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
48 days
期刊最新文献
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