Pub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.12.002
Guangbo Ji , Wenjin Li , Yian Su , Tianjiao Cao , Meng Qian , Huan Wang , Qiang Zhao
Soft bioelectronics is a type of innovative technology that creates electronic devices of organic or inorganic materials on flexible/ductile substrate, holding tremendous promise for the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. The soft bioelectronic devices, when seamlessly in contact with the heart's surface, facilitate real-time monitoring of crucial parameters such as volume, pressure, and electrophysiological signals, which are indispensable for diagnosing disorders such as ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Additionally, integrating electrical and optical stimulation units into these soft bioelectronic devices could lead to significant improvements in cardiac electrophysiology. This review comprehensively covers recent progress in the development of soft bioelectronic devices for management of heart diseases, highlighting the technical challenges and future prospects in this field.
{"title":"Soft bioelectronics for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases","authors":"Guangbo Ji , Wenjin Li , Yian Su , Tianjiao Cao , Meng Qian , Huan Wang , Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soft bioelectronics is a type of innovative technology that creates electronic devices of organic or inorganic materials on flexible/ductile substrate, holding tremendous promise for the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. The soft bioelectronic devices, when seamlessly in contact with the heart's surface, facilitate real-time monitoring of crucial parameters such as volume, pressure, and electrophysiological signals, which are indispensable for diagnosing disorders such as ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Additionally, integrating electrical and optical stimulation units into these soft bioelectronic devices could lead to significant improvements in cardiac electrophysiology. This review comprehensively covers recent progress in the development of soft bioelectronic devices for management of heart diseases, highlighting the technical challenges and future prospects in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.11.001
Linfang Zhong , Xiaoying Tan , Wenhui Yang , Peishan Li , Lianbao Ye , Qi Luo , Honghao Hou
Natural products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds for drug development. It is useful to explore natural products to treat cardiovascular disease. This review provides an overview of the natural products, including their general sources, structure types, functional methods, applications for cardiovascular diseases and future challenges. We highlight recent advances in drug delivery systems of natural products applicated in cardiovascular diseases such as nanoparticles, microspheres and hydrogels, and outline general strategies for functionalizing the natural product with various biological. Finally, we propose our perspective on challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.
{"title":"Bioactive matters based on natural product for cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Linfang Zhong , Xiaoying Tan , Wenhui Yang , Peishan Li , Lianbao Ye , Qi Luo , Honghao Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds for drug development. It is useful to explore natural products to treat cardiovascular disease. This review provides an overview of the natural products, including their general sources, structure types, functional methods, applications for cardiovascular diseases and future challenges. We highlight recent advances in drug delivery systems of natural products applicated in cardiovascular diseases such as nanoparticles, microspheres and hydrogels, and outline general strategies for functionalizing the natural product with various biological. Finally, we propose our perspective on challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 542-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sustained-release system for chemotherapeutic drugs or photosensitizer based on drug-loaded biopolyester nanocarriers can effectively reduce the overall dosage and frequency of administration, thereby mitigating side effects such as immunosuppression and drug resistance caused by prolonged chemotherapy. Compared to polylactic acid (PLA), microorganism-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) exhibits superior biocompatibility and more flexible drug release behavior due to their diverse monomer compositions, slower degradation behavior, and milder acidic degradation products, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB). It explains PHAs are more suitable carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize the current situation of PHA-derived nanocarriers (PHA-NCs) for cancer therapy, including the advantages, preparation methods, and anticancer applications. Furthermore, we also analyzed the current limitations in the application of PHA-NCs for cancer therapy and proposed existing challenges along with strategies for future development. With the rapid advancements in synthetic biology and nanomedicine, we believe that PHA will once again attract significant attention.
{"title":"Current situation and challenges of polyhydroxyalkanoates-derived nanocarriers for cancer therapy","authors":"Xiao-Yun Huang , Zheng-Dong Qi , Jin-Wei Dao , Dai-Xu Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustained-release system for chemotherapeutic drugs or photosensitizer based on drug-loaded biopolyester nanocarriers can effectively reduce the overall dosage and frequency of administration, thereby mitigating side effects such as immunosuppression and drug resistance caused by prolonged chemotherapy. Compared to polylactic acid (PLA), microorganism-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) exhibits superior biocompatibility and more flexible drug release behavior due to their diverse monomer compositions, slower degradation behavior, and milder acidic degradation products, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB). It explains PHAs are more suitable carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize the current situation of PHA-derived nanocarriers (PHA-NCs) for cancer therapy, including the advantages, preparation methods, and anticancer applications. Furthermore, we also analyzed the current limitations in the application of PHA-NCs for cancer therapy and proposed existing challenges along with strategies for future development. With the rapid advancements in synthetic biology and nanomedicine, we believe that PHA will once again attract significant attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 529-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.003
Ling Wang , Ran Luo , Weilang Zhang , Hanyu Jiang , Yongkang Yu , Wenhu Zhou , Fan Zhang , Jian Ma , Lin Mei
Nanobody (Nb) is derived from the variable domain of heavy-chain antibody (HCAb), naturally displaying notable properties like nano-scale size, exceptional stability, high specificity, low immunogenicity, and cryptic epitope accessibility. These features contribute to its great therapeutic potential as a valuable research tool across diverse diseases, especially autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Caplacizumab (Cablivi®) is the first nanobody drug approved for treating acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). This review summarizes the biomolecular structure, usage of Nb as a foundation of recombinant constructs, and biochemical properties of nanobodies. As attractive therapeutic candidates, many clinical trials of Nbs have been conducted, elucidating potential therapeutic strategies for AIDs. Therefore, the preclinical development and application of Nbs in AIDs are emphasized throughout this review.
纳米抗体（Nb）源自重链抗体（HCAb）的可变结构域，天然具有纳米级尺寸、超强稳定性、高特异性、低免疫原性和表位隐蔽性等显著特性。这些特性使其具有巨大的治疗潜力，成为各种疾病，尤其是自身免疫性疾病（AIDs）的重要研究工具。卡普拉珠单抗（Cablivi®）是首个获准用于治疗获得性血栓性血小板减少性紫癜（aTTP）的纳米抗体药物。本综述概述了纳米抗体的生物分子结构、作为重组构建物基础的 Nb 的使用以及纳米抗体的生化特性。作为极具吸引力的候选治疗药物，Nbs 已经开展了许多临床试验，阐明了治疗艾滋病的潜在策略。因此，本综述强调了 Nbs 在艾滋病中的临床前开发和应用。
{"title":"Nanobody-as versatile tool emerging in autoimmune diseases","authors":"Ling Wang , Ran Luo , Weilang Zhang , Hanyu Jiang , Yongkang Yu , Wenhu Zhou , Fan Zhang , Jian Ma , Lin Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobody (Nb) is derived from the variable domain of heavy-chain antibody (HCAb), naturally displaying notable properties like nano-scale size, exceptional stability, high specificity, low immunogenicity, and cryptic epitope accessibility. These features contribute to its great therapeutic potential as a valuable research tool across diverse diseases, especially autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Caplacizumab (Cablivi®) is the first nanobody drug approved for treating acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP). This review summarizes the biomolecular structure, usage of Nb as a foundation of recombinant constructs, and biochemical properties of nanobodies. As attractive therapeutic candidates, many clinical trials of Nbs have been conducted, elucidating potential therapeutic strategies for AIDs. Therefore, the preclinical development and application of Nbs in AIDs are emphasized throughout this review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 501-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.002
Li Zhou , Haixia Zhuang , Xinyu Ye , Wei Yuan , Kai Wang , Donghan Hu , Xiangya Luo , Qiuyu Zhang
Complete skeletal muscle regeneration after traumatic injuries remains a challenge due to impaired regenerative capability and dysregulated microenvironments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the muscle regeneration process by regulating myogenic and non-myogenic cells. Herein, we report a bioactive MXene hydrogel (FPGM) capable of upregulating autophagy and increasing muscle innervation to restore skeletal muscle structure and function. FPGM possessed excellent electrical conductivity, tissue adhesive ability and antioxidation, which could eliminate excess reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative stress and decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine. FPGM upregulated the autophagy level of myoblasts and promoted the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells as well as myogenic differentiation with negligible toxicity. FPGM accelerated muscle fiber formation and skeletal muscle regeneration by improving autophagy, which could regulate microenvironment through raising M2 macrophages to alleviate excessive inflammation, facilitating angiogenesis and decreasing fibrous scar tissue formation in vivo. Importantly, FPGM could efficiently restore muscle function by improving muscle innervation, tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential amplitude and neuromuscular conduction. This work demonstrates that bioactive MXene hydrogel should be a promising candidate for complete skeletal muscle regeneration.
{"title":"Bioactive MXene hydrogel promotes structural and functional regeneration of skeletal muscle through improving autophagy and muscle innervation","authors":"Li Zhou , Haixia Zhuang , Xinyu Ye , Wei Yuan , Kai Wang , Donghan Hu , Xiangya Luo , Qiuyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complete skeletal muscle regeneration after traumatic injuries remains a challenge due to impaired regenerative capability and dysregulated microenvironments. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the muscle regeneration process by regulating myogenic and non-myogenic cells. Herein, we report a bioactive MXene hydrogel (FPGM) capable of upregulating autophagy and increasing muscle innervation to restore skeletal muscle structure and function. FPGM possessed excellent electrical conductivity, tissue adhesive ability and antioxidation, which could eliminate excess reactive oxygen species to reduce oxidative stress and decrease the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine. FPGM upregulated the autophagy level of myoblasts and promoted the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells as well as myogenic differentiation with negligible toxicity. FPGM accelerated muscle fiber formation and skeletal muscle regeneration by improving autophagy, which could regulate microenvironment through raising M2 macrophages to alleviate excessive inflammation, facilitating angiogenesis and decreasing fibrous scar tissue formation <em>in vivo</em>. Importantly, FPGM could efficiently restore muscle function by improving muscle innervation, tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential amplitude and neuromuscular conduction. This work demonstrates that bioactive MXene hydrogel should be a promising candidate for complete skeletal muscle regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 514-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.001
Yisi Liu , Jie Hu , Hao Jiang , Hui He , Liwei Yao , Qianglong Chen , Lijie Wang , Ting Liang , Bin Li , Fengxuan Han
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent condition leading to back and leg pain as well as chronic disability. It refers to the degeneration of intervertebral disc structure, including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate. Along with degeneration process, these components can deteriorate, causing pain and functional impairment. To address IVDD, researchers are exploring the use of smart materials as novel therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize the application of various stimuli-responsive smart materials (endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive materials) in the repair for Intervertebral disc. These smart materials, such as responsive hydrogels, shape-memory polymers, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, have shown considerable potential in achieving targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration, and improving clinical outcomes. The ongoing advancement of smart materials towards successful clinical translation holds promise for improving treatment outcomes for IVDD patients, providing more effective and safer therapeutic options.
{"title":"Progress of smart material in the repair of intervertebral disc degeneration","authors":"Yisi Liu , Jie Hu , Hao Jiang , Hui He , Liwei Yao , Qianglong Chen , Lijie Wang , Ting Liang , Bin Li , Fengxuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent condition leading to back and leg pain as well as chronic disability. It refers to the degeneration of intervertebral disc structure, including the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage endplate. Along with degeneration process, these components can deteriorate, causing pain and functional impairment. To address IVDD, researchers are exploring the use of smart materials as novel therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize the application of various stimuli-responsive smart materials (endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive materials) in the repair for Intervertebral disc. These smart materials, such as responsive hydrogels, shape-memory polymers, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, have shown considerable potential in achieving targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration, and improving clinical outcomes. The ongoing advancement of smart materials towards successful clinical translation holds promise for improving treatment outcomes for IVDD patients, providing more effective and safer therapeutic options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 488-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.002
Avery Gunderson, Maryam Ramezani, Thalma K. Orado, Mary Beth B. Monroe
Porous shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds are promising ‘smart’ materials for potential use in a wide range of biomedical applications. Electrospinning provides an approach to produce fibrous SMP scaffolds to enhance their porosity, mass transfer, and flexibility. Here, we studied the effects of electrospinning parameters (rotating collector rotational speed and solvent) on shape memory and mechanical properties of a biostable thermoplastic polyurethane (PUr) SMP. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that fiber diameter and tortuosity could be tuned using varied collector rotation speeds and/or solvents. Mechanical properties, including modulus, tensile strength, and ultimate elongation, were tuned independently of chemistry based on variations in fiber architectures. All scaffolds demonstrated shape memory properties. Additionally, due to strains that are trapped in the fibers during the electrospinning process, SMP fibers are programmed into a strained, temporary shape during the fabrication step. These fibers can be immediately triggered to recover to a non-strained primary shape after fabrication to reduce sample preparation time and complexity. As a proof-of-concept, bacterial protease-responsive SMPs were electrospun and exposed to S. aureus in programmed secondary shapes. Upon exposure to bacteria, these SMPs underwent shape recovery, which resulted in reduced bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. These materials could be employed as bacteria-responsive wound dressings in future work. Overall, electrospinning provides a valuable tool for tuning mechanical and shape memory properties independently from chemistry and for programming SMPs during fabrication to enable scale-up of electrospun SMP scaffolds.
{"title":"Programming-via-spinning: Electrospun shape memory polymer fibers with simultaneous fabrication and programming","authors":"Avery Gunderson, Maryam Ramezani, Thalma K. Orado, Mary Beth B. Monroe","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds are promising ‘smart’ materials for potential use in a wide range of biomedical applications. Electrospinning provides an approach to produce fibrous SMP scaffolds to enhance their porosity, mass transfer, and flexibility. Here, we studied the effects of electrospinning parameters (rotating collector rotational speed and solvent) on shape memory and mechanical properties of a biostable thermoplastic polyurethane (PUr) SMP. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that fiber diameter and tortuosity could be tuned using varied collector rotation speeds and/or solvents. Mechanical properties, including modulus, tensile strength, and ultimate elongation, were tuned independently of chemistry based on variations in fiber architectures. All scaffolds demonstrated shape memory properties. Additionally, due to strains that are trapped in the fibers during the electrospinning process, SMP fibers are programmed into a strained, temporary shape during the fabrication step. These fibers can be immediately triggered to recover to a non-strained primary shape after fabrication to reduce sample preparation time and complexity. As a proof-of-concept, bacterial protease-responsive SMPs were electrospun and exposed to <em>S. aureus</em> in programmed secondary shapes. Upon exposure to bacteria, these SMPs underwent shape recovery, which resulted in reduced bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. These materials could be employed as bacteria-responsive wound dressings in future work. Overall, electrospinning provides a valuable tool for tuning mechanical and shape memory properties independently from chemistry and for programming SMPs during fabrication to enable scale-up of electrospun SMP scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 477-487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.001
Maocheng Zuo , Rong Xiao , Fangxue Du , Chong Cheng , Raul D. Rodriguez , Lang Ma , Bihui Zhu , Li Qiu
Intramolecular bonds in small organic molecules, macromolecules, and organic-inorganic hybrids are broken or formed by ultrasound-activated mechanical force that can be applied with spatial and temporal precision for contactless external control of mechanochemical reactions. Ultrasound featuring non-invasiveness, high tissue penetration, and spatiotemporal controllability has shown great potential in controlling the activation of mechanochemical reactions such as chemical bond scission, natural enzyme activation, and catalytic radical generation for targeted drug or gene therapy. Here, we comprehensively summarize the latest research and future trends in ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions for smart biomedical applications. First, the mechanism of ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions will be outlined. Then, the types of mechanochemical reactions will be carefully discussed. After that, the representative biomedical applications have been summarized from a unique perspective. Finally, we systematically emphasize the current challenges and future outlooks to guide the rational design of ultrasound-activated drug release over conventional drug-loaded therapies. We believe that this review will substantially facilitate the progression and widespread utilization of ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions in biomedical applications.
{"title":"Ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions for controllable biomedical applications","authors":"Maocheng Zuo , Rong Xiao , Fangxue Du , Chong Cheng , Raul D. Rodriguez , Lang Ma , Bihui Zhu , Li Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intramolecular bonds in small organic molecules, macromolecules, and organic-inorganic hybrids are broken or formed by ultrasound-activated mechanical force that can be applied with spatial and temporal precision for contactless external control of mechanochemical reactions. Ultrasound featuring non-invasiveness, high tissue penetration, and spatiotemporal controllability has shown great potential in controlling the activation of mechanochemical reactions such as chemical bond scission, natural enzyme activation, and catalytic radical generation for targeted drug or gene therapy. Here, we comprehensively summarize the latest research and future trends in ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions for smart biomedical applications. First, the mechanism of ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions will be outlined. Then, the types of mechanochemical reactions will be carefully discussed. After that, the representative biomedical applications have been summarized from a unique perspective. Finally, we systematically emphasize the current challenges and future outlooks to guide the rational design of ultrasound-activated drug release over conventional drug-loaded therapies. We believe that this review will substantially facilitate the progression and widespread utilization of ultrasound-activated mechanochemical reactions in biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 461-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Externally triggered drug delivery systems empower patients or healthcare providers to utilize external stimuli to initiate drug release from implanted systems. This approach holds significant potential for clinical disease management, offering appealing features like enhanced patient adherence through the elimination of needles and medication reminders. Additionally, it facilitates personalized medicine by granting patients control over the timing, dosage, and duration of drug release. Moreover, it enables precise drug delivery to targeted locations where external stimuli are applied. Advances in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology have been pivotal in driving the development of these systems. This review presents an overview of the progress in research on drug release systems responsive to external stimuli, such as light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and temperature. It discusses the construction strategies of externally triggered drug delivery systems, the mechanisms governing triggered drug release, and their applications in disease management.
{"title":"Externally triggered drug delivery systems","authors":"Huiyang Hu , Prabhakar Busa , Yue Zhao , Chao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Externally triggered drug delivery systems empower patients or healthcare providers to utilize external stimuli to initiate drug release from implanted systems. This approach holds significant potential for clinical disease management, offering appealing features like enhanced patient adherence through the elimination of needles and medication reminders. Additionally, it facilitates personalized medicine by granting patients control over the timing, dosage, and duration of drug release. Moreover, it enables precise drug delivery to targeted locations where external stimuli are applied. Advances in materials science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology have been pivotal in driving the development of these systems. This review presents an overview of the progress in research on drug release systems responsive to external stimuli, such as light, ultrasound, magnetic fields, and temperature. It discusses the construction strategies of externally triggered drug delivery systems, the mechanisms governing triggered drug release, and their applications in disease management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 386-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259018342400036X/pdfft?md5=ee01046e5097b41b02ce327cb03cf82e&pid=1-s2.0-S259018342400036X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.smaim.2024.08.006
Matthew S. Dargusch , Nan Yang , Nagasivamuni Balasubramani , Jeffrey Venezuela , Shiyang Liu , Lei Jing , Yu Sen , Jiangtao Qu , Gui Wang , Julie Cairney
Improving the degradation performance and enhancing the biocompatibility are the main challenges of Mg-based biodegradable implants. In this study, a nano-hydroxyapatite-enhanced (nHA) Mg matrix composite was fabricated via friction stir processing and characterised, including microstructure, mechanical, in vitro degradation properties, and cytocompatibility. Hydroxyapatite is renowned for its superior bone compatibility, promoting healing responses and tissue growth. Friction stirring created a gradient grain structure in the alloy, with the stir zone exhibiting the highest grain refinement. The stir zone also contained most of the incorporated nHA and exhibited a strong texture with grains preferentially oriented along the [0001] direction. Immersion and polarisation experiments showed an increase in the FSPed WE43-nHA's corrosion resistance due to the refined microstructure. The treatment also caused a shift in the corrosion mode of the alloy from localized to uniform corrosion despite some localized corrosion associated with the nHA. Cytocompatibility tests in human osteoblast (HOB) cell lines indicated good biocompatibility in the Mg-nHA alloy, with cells exhibiting relatively healthy morphology and increased live cell count. Friction stir processing is a viable manufacturing option for creating Mg-based metal matrix composites with improved corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.
{"title":"Magnesium-based bioceramic-enhanced composites fabricated via friction stir processing","authors":"Matthew S. Dargusch , Nan Yang , Nagasivamuni Balasubramani , Jeffrey Venezuela , Shiyang Liu , Lei Jing , Yu Sen , Jiangtao Qu , Gui Wang , Julie Cairney","doi":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smaim.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving the degradation performance and enhancing the biocompatibility are the main challenges of Mg-based biodegradable implants. In this study, a nano-hydroxyapatite-enhanced (nHA) Mg matrix composite was fabricated via friction stir processing and characterised, including microstructure, mechanical, <em>in vitro</em> degradation properties, and cytocompatibility. Hydroxyapatite is renowned for its superior bone compatibility, promoting healing responses and tissue growth. Friction stirring created a gradient grain structure in the alloy, with the stir zone exhibiting the highest grain refinement. The stir zone also contained most of the incorporated nHA and exhibited a strong texture with grains preferentially oriented along the [0001] direction. Immersion and polarisation experiments showed an increase in the FSPed WE43-nHA's corrosion resistance due to the refined microstructure. The treatment also caused a shift in the corrosion mode of the alloy from localized to uniform corrosion despite some localized corrosion associated with the nHA. Cytocompatibility tests in human osteoblast (HOB) cell lines indicated good biocompatibility in the Mg-nHA alloy, with cells exhibiting relatively healthy morphology and increased live cell count. Friction stir processing is a viable manufacturing option for creating Mg-based metal matrix composites with improved corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22019,"journal":{"name":"Smart Materials in Medicine","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 447-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590183424000383/pdfft?md5=01da0722a394ab3580f60d4c0a5c786a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590183424000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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