Anticancer activity of Lannea coromandelica on B16F10 melanoma cell line: an in vitro and molecular docking approach

Abstract

Introduction

Phytochemical screening was conducted on various bark extracts of Lannea coromandelica to assess their anticancer property against the B16F10 melanoma cell line. The phytoconstituents that were previously identified were utilized in molecular docking studies against the human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) as a target receptor in order to provide more evidence for anticancer property.

Methods

Bark powder was extracted by maceration method using distilled water and soxhlet extraction using ethanol. The preliminary phytochemical evaluation and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of both extracts were conducted using biochemical assays. The present study investigated the possible anticancer effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts on the B16F10 melanoma cell line using the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) labeling techniques. The present study employed molecular docking techniques to assess the binding interactions between phytoconstituents and the TYRP1 protein, utilizing AutoDock Vina module of PyRx 0.8 software.

Results

The phytochemical analysis found flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, saponins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, and proteins. Ethanolic extract shown preferential cytotoxicity to B16F0 melanoma cell line in-vitro (IC₅₀ = 9.69 ± 0.68 μg/ml), while aqueous extract exhibited IC₅₀ = 75.49 ± 5.95 μg/ml. DAPI staining showed that treated cells had altered nucleus morphology, including apoptotic bodies. According to molecular docking investigations, Quercetin has the highest binding affinity (−9.6 Kcal/mol), followed by Catechin and Myricadiol.

Conclusion

The current investigation has determined that L. coromandelica exhibits cytotoxic characteristic, as evidenced by the utilization of computer aided drug design models and in-vitro experimentation.