Electron-cloud alignment dynamics induced by an intense X-ray free-electron laser pulse: a case study on atomic argon

IF 5.4 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Communications Physics Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1038/s42005-024-01852-x

Laura Budewig, Sang-Kil Son, Robin Santra

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Abstract

In an intense X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse, atoms are sequentially ionised by multiple X-ray photons. Photoionisation generally induces an alignment of the electron cloud of the produced atomic ion regarding its orbital-angular-momentum projections. However, how the alignment evolves during sequential X-ray multi-photon ionisation accompanied by decay processes has been unexplored. Here we present a theoretical prediction of the time evolution of the electron-cloud alignment of argon ions induced by XFEL pulses. To this end, we calculate state-resolved ionisation dynamics of atomic argon interacting with an intense linearly polarised X-ray pulse, which generates ions in a wide range of charge states with non-zero orbital- and spin-angular momenta. Employing time-resolved alignment parameters, we predict the existence of non-trivial alignment dynamics during intense XFEL pulses. This implies that even if initially the atomic electron cloud is perfectly spherically symmetric, X-ray multi-photon ionisation can lead to noticeable reshaping of the electron cloud. Single photoionisation can align an atomic electron cloud, yet it is unexplored how the alignment evolves during sequential multi-photon multiple ionisation induced by intense X-ray pulses. In their paper, the authors predict the existence of non-trivial electron-cloud alignment dynamics in quantum-state-resolved X-ray multi-photon ionisation.

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强 X 射线自由电子激光脉冲诱导的电子云排列动力学：原子氩的案例研究

在强 X 射线自由电子激光（XFEL）脉冲中，原子依次被多个 X 射线光子电离。光离子化通常会导致产生的原子离子的电子云在其轨道-角动量投影上发生排列。然而，在伴随衰变过程的连续 X 射线多光子电离过程中，排列是如何演变的还没有被研究。在此，我们对 XFEL 脉冲诱导的氩离子电子云排列的时间演变进行了理论预测。为此，我们计算了与强线性偏振 X 射线脉冲相互作用的原子氩的状态分辨电离动力学，该脉冲会产生具有非零轨道矩和自旋角矩的多种电荷态离子。利用时间分辨对齐参数，我们预测在强 XFEL 脉冲期间存在非三维对齐动力学。这意味着，即使原子电子云最初是完全球对称的，X射线多光子电离也会导致电子云的明显重塑。单光子电离可以使原子电子云排列整齐，但在强 X 射线脉冲诱导的连续多光子多重电离过程中，电子云的排列是如何演变的，这一点尚未得到研究。作者在论文中预测，在量子态分辨 X 射线多光子电离过程中，电子云对齐动力学存在非难性。

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来源期刊

Communications Physics Physics and Astronomy-General Physics and Astronomy

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

276

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： Communications Physics is an open access journal from Nature Research publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the physical sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances bringing new insight to a specialized area of research in physics. We also aim to provide a community forum for issues of importance to all physicists, regardless of sub-discipline. The scope of the journal covers all areas of experimental, applied, fundamental, and interdisciplinary physical sciences. Primary research published in Communications Physics includes novel experimental results, new techniques or computational methods that may influence the work of others in the sub-discipline. We also consider submissions from adjacent research fields where the central advance of the study is of interest to physicists, for example material sciences, physical chemistry and technologies.