Fe/Fe3C particles encapsulated in hollow carbon nanoboxes for high performance zinc–air batteries

Abstract

Zinc–air batteries are recognized for their environmental friendliness and high energy density; however, the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the air electrode hinder their commercial viability. The research focuses on synthesizing cubic hollow carbon structures derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which enhance catalytic performance through improved conductivity and mass transfer. The resulting Fe/Fe₃C/HCNB catalyst demonstrates a half-wave potential of 0.826 V for ORR and achieves a peak power density of 274 mW cm⁻² in zinc–air batteries, surpassing commercial Pt/C catalysts. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that the hollow structure enhances hydrophilicity and reduces solution resistance, facilitating greater active site engagement in electrochemical reactions. The study concludes that the unique structural features of Fe/Fe₃C/HCNB significantly improve discharge performance and stability, positioning it as a promising alternative for zinc–air battery applications.