The effect of carbon supports on the electrocatalytic performance of Ni-N-C catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO

Abstract

Carbon-supported nickel and nitrogen co-doped (Ni-N-C) catalysts have been extensively studied as selective and active catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction to CO. Most studies have focused on adjusting the coordination structure of Ni-N_x active sites, while the impact of the carbon supports has often been overlooked. In this study, a series of Ni-N-C catalysts on different carbon supports, including carbon black (CB), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT), and activated nitrogen-doped biochar (ANBC), were synthesized using a ligand-mediated method. The effect of the carbon support on the electrocatalytic performance for CO₂ reduction was investigated at both low current densities, in a H-cell, and high current densities, in a MEA electrolyzer. All of the prepared Ni-N-C catalysts show good faradaic efficiencies (FE) toward CO production (up to ∼90 %), however, the onset potentials and partial current densities for CO production vary greatly. The textural properties of the carbon support and the distribution of Ni-N_x active sites on the carbon support are demonstrated as the main factors behind the performance differences. In particular, hierarchical porous structures with a large specific surface area are helpful to facilitate mass transport and improve the dispersion of active sites, which allows for a better CO₂ reduction performance of Ni-N-ANBC compared to Ni-N-CB and Ni-N-CNT. This study demonstrates the importance of the carbon support for Ni-N-C catalysts and provides new insights into the design of efficient Ni-N-C catalysts for the CO₂RR.