Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110817
Kaiyu Yang, Hongxi Zheng, Chao Zhong, Xingyun Huang, Qingkai Zhang, Kuibao Yu, Yuan Qie, Tao Chen, Hailong Hu, Fushan Li
The rapid development of near-eye display has put forward higher requirements for the resolution and image quality, while the performance of quantum dots (QDs) is virtually unlimited by pixel size, making them an ideal material for the next generation high-resolution display devices. However, there are still significant challenges in depositing multi-color pixels within the micron range and achieving high performance for the full-color quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs). Herein, a combination of directional transfer printing and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was utilized to precisely transfer multi-color QDs arrays in the predetermined direction, and the full-color QDs arrays demonstrated fantastic morphology and uniform arrangement. As a result, the full-color QLEDs showed excellent performance with a resolution of 6,350 pixels per inch (PPI), a luminance up to 62,947 cd/m2 and a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.03%. In addition, pixel spacing layers were introduced to further suppress electrical crosstalk and unwanted light emission, and the redundant part of emissive layers enabled QDs to be embedded into pixel spacing layers readily. The resulting full-color QLEDs with independent pixels exhibited a same high resolution of 6,350 PPI, with a luminance of 35,427 cd/m2 and a peak EQE of 8.55%. Our work represents the best performance of full-color QLEDs with both high efficiency and high resolution, which demonstrates great potential in the application of future near-eye displays.
{"title":"High-resolution and high-performance full-color electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting diodes","authors":"Kaiyu Yang, Hongxi Zheng, Chao Zhong, Xingyun Huang, Qingkai Zhang, Kuibao Yu, Yuan Qie, Tao Chen, Hailong Hu, Fushan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110817","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of near-eye display has put forward higher requirements for the resolution and image quality, while the performance of quantum dots (QDs) is virtually unlimited by pixel size, making them an ideal material for the next generation high-resolution display devices. However, there are still significant challenges in depositing multi-color pixels within the micron range and achieving high performance for the full-color quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs). Herein, a combination of directional transfer printing and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique was utilized to precisely transfer multi-color QDs arrays in the predetermined direction, and the full-color QDs arrays demonstrated fantastic morphology and uniform arrangement. As a result, the full-color QLEDs showed excellent performance with a resolution of 6,350 pixels per inch (PPI), a luminance up to 62,947<!-- --> <!-- -->cd/m<sup>2</sup> and a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.03%. In addition, pixel spacing layers were introduced to further suppress electrical crosstalk and unwanted light emission, and the redundant part of emissive layers enabled QDs to be embedded into pixel spacing layers readily. The resulting full-color QLEDs with independent pixels exhibited a same high resolution of 6,350 PPI, with a luminance of 35,427<!-- --> <!-- -->cd/m<sup>2</sup> and a peak EQE of 8.55%. Our work represents the best performance of full-color QLEDs with both high efficiency and high resolution, which demonstrates great potential in the application of future near-eye displays.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The heterojunction interface plays a critical role in defining the physical properties that significantly influence the performance of self-powered photodetectors (PDs). By integrating piezoelectric and pyroelectric polarization effects, the interface band structure can be significantly modulated, optimizing the dynamics of photo-generated carriers. Here, we developed a self-powered PD utilizing a high-quality, flexible CdS/pyramid-Si heterojunction. The PD demonstrates an impressive wide-band response spectrum from 405 to 1064 nm, achieving a responsivity (R) of 0.37 A/W at zero bias, attributed to its exceptional photovoltaic response. The pyroelectric effect in the CdS layer significantly accelerates carrier separation at the interface, increasing the R to 2.56 A/W, representing a 591.9% enhancement. Additionally, a remarkably fast response time of 86.4/96.3 µs is attained. Leveraging the unique modulation mechanism of the pyroelectric effect, a novel imaging system capable of dual imaging, reflecting both photovoltaic and pyroelectric responses, is proposed, thereby enhancing imaging quality and facilitating wavelength resolution. Furthermore, applying external pressure introduces a piezoelectric effect that optimizes the band alignment, modulating both the photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects. By combining these effects, the highest R of 3.16 A/W is achieved, reflecting a remarkable 754% increase. Moreover, the piezoelectric effect further enhances imaging brightness and color resolution. This research highlights the significant potential of the pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects in enhancing the photoelectric response of CdS/Si heterojunction PDs and promotes their applications in high-performance wavelength-resolved optical imaging.
{"title":"Enhanced broadband photosensing and wavelength-resolved imaging via the piezo-pyroelectric effect in flexible CdS/pyramid-Si heterojunction","authors":"Haiyang Jiang, Meilin Nie, Zengkun Pu, Jinfang Fan, Jihong Liu, Shufang Wang, Shuang Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110818","url":null,"abstract":"The heterojunction interface plays a critical role in defining the physical properties that significantly influence the performance of self-powered photodetectors (PDs). By integrating piezoelectric and pyroelectric polarization effects, the interface band structure can be significantly modulated, optimizing the dynamics of photo-generated carriers. Here, we developed a self-powered PD utilizing a high-quality, flexible CdS/pyramid-Si heterojunction. The PD demonstrates an impressive wide-band response spectrum from 405 to 1064<!-- --> <!-- -->nm, achieving a responsivity (<em>R</em>) of 0.37<!-- --> <!-- -->A/W at zero bias, attributed to its exceptional photovoltaic response. The pyroelectric effect in the CdS layer significantly accelerates carrier separation at the interface, increasing the <em>R</em> to 2.56<!-- --> <!-- -->A/W, representing a 591.9% enhancement. Additionally, a remarkably fast response time of 86.4/96.3 µs is attained. Leveraging the unique modulation mechanism of the pyroelectric effect, a novel imaging system capable of dual imaging, reflecting both photovoltaic and pyroelectric responses, is proposed, thereby enhancing imaging quality and facilitating wavelength resolution. Furthermore, applying external pressure introduces a piezoelectric effect that optimizes the band alignment, modulating both the photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects. By combining these effects, the highest <em>R</em> of 3.16<!-- --> <!-- -->A/W is achieved, reflecting a remarkable 754% increase. Moreover, the piezoelectric effect further enhances imaging brightness and color resolution. This research highlights the significant potential of the pyroelectric and piezoelectric effects in enhancing the photoelectric response of CdS/Si heterojunction PDs and promotes their applications in high-performance wavelength-resolved optical imaging.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110825
Doga Doganay, Mete Batuhan Durukan, Murathan Cugunlular, Onuralp Cakır, Melih Ogeday Cicek, Onur Demircioglu, Di Wei, Husnu Emrah Unalan
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent an innovative approach to energy harvesting, enabling the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy through contact electrification and electrostatic induction. This review comprehensively covers the fundamental principles of TENGs, starting from the fundamental mechanisms of contact electrification, including electron transfer, ion transfer, and material transfer models. The review discusses four primary operation modes—vertical contact separation, lateral sliding, single-electrode, and freestanding—each with distinct operational characteristics and potential applications. Theoretical models, including equivalent circuit and quasi-electrostatic models used to predict TENG output are examined. Strategies to enhance energy harvesting and transfer efficiencies are discussed. The article concludes by discussing the wide-ranging applications of TENGs, from wearable electronics and biomedical devices to large-scale systems for environmental energy harvesting. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, providing both fundamental knowledge and insight into the latest technological advances in TENGs to guide future developments in this rapidly evolving field.
{"title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerators from Fundamentals to Applications","authors":"Doga Doganay, Mete Batuhan Durukan, Murathan Cugunlular, Onuralp Cakır, Melih Ogeday Cicek, Onur Demircioglu, Di Wei, Husnu Emrah Unalan","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110825","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent an innovative approach to energy harvesting, enabling the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy through contact electrification and electrostatic induction. This review comprehensively covers the fundamental principles of TENGs, starting from the fundamental mechanisms of contact electrification, including electron transfer, ion transfer, and material transfer models. The review discusses four primary operation modes—vertical contact separation, lateral sliding, single-electrode, and freestanding—each with distinct operational characteristics and potential applications. Theoretical models, including equivalent circuit and quasi-electrostatic models used to predict TENG output are examined. Strategies to enhance energy harvesting and transfer efficiencies are discussed. The article concludes by discussing the wide-ranging applications of TENGs, from wearable electronics and biomedical devices to large-scale systems for environmental energy harvesting. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers, providing both fundamental knowledge and insight into the latest technological advances in TENGs to guide future developments in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110824
Hui Xu, Hong Song, Minxi Sun, Yinghao Zhang, Xiaoyong Feng, Wei Qin, Chun Wu, Shulei Chou, Xingqiao Wu
Hard carbon is commonly used as an anode material of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but the slow kinetic process limit its commercial scale, so the enhancement of the kinetic process through the modification of the structure is the key to achieve a high-performance anode. Here, microwave-assisted synergistic acid treatment, targeting regulation for the content of each component in the natural lotus peduncle to change the spatial structure of the resultant hard carbon, and the introduction of microwaves can accelerate the reaction process, highly efficient decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin. The optimal lotus peduncle-derived hard carbon with excellent rate capability and cycling stability was obtained, possessing a high capacity of 354.8 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1 compared to the untreated material. Even at 5 A g-1, it still exhibits 213.3 mAh g-1 and displays a capacity retention of 90.2% after more than 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1. This noteworthy outcome can be attributed to the synthesis of the thinner and organic-inorganic hybridized SEI layer, achieved through the elevation of the C=O ratio at the surface of the material. This approach offers a promising avenue for the modulation of biomass precursors, paving the way for the development of high-performance materials.
{"title":"Molecular-level Precursor Regulation Strategy Aids Fast-charging Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-ion Batteries","authors":"Hui Xu, Hong Song, Minxi Sun, Yinghao Zhang, Xiaoyong Feng, Wei Qin, Chun Wu, Shulei Chou, Xingqiao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110824","url":null,"abstract":"Hard carbon is commonly used as an anode material of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but the slow kinetic process limit its commercial scale, so the enhancement of the kinetic process through the modification of the structure is the key to achieve a high-performance anode. Here, microwave-assisted synergistic acid treatment, targeting regulation for the content of each component in the natural lotus peduncle to change the spatial structure of the resultant hard carbon, and the introduction of microwaves can accelerate the reaction process, highly efficient decomposition of hemicellulose and lignin. The optimal lotus peduncle-derived hard carbon with excellent rate capability and cycling stability was obtained, possessing a high capacity of 354.8 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 20<!-- --> <!-- -->mA<!-- --> <!-- -->g<sup>-1</sup> compared to the untreated material. Even at 5<!-- --> <!-- -->A<!-- --> <!-- -->g<sup>-1</sup>, it still exhibits 213.3 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> and displays a capacity retention of 90.2% after more than 2000 cycles at 1<!-- --> <!-- -->A<!-- --> <!-- -->g<sup>-1</sup>. This noteworthy outcome can be attributed to the synthesis of the thinner and organic-inorganic hybridized SEI layer, achieved through the elevation of the C=O ratio at the surface of the material. This approach offers a promising avenue for the modulation of biomass precursors, paving the way for the development of high-performance materials.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110820
Jinsheng Fan, Shujia Xu, Brittany Newell, Jose Garcia, Wenzhuo Wu, Robert A. Nawrocki
The creation of soft piezoelectric pressure sensors presents significant challenges. We introduce an all-additive manufacturing technique that combines liquid-based material extrusion (MEX) with electrospinning. This innovative approach marks the first use of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) fibers as the substrate for the direct production of piezoelectrically active materials without the need for electric poling as a post-processing step. The application of MEX enables the direct printing of electrode patterns without the need for mask fabrication. The surface morphology of electrospun PVdF fibers, which was significant for determining the yield of the fabricated sensors, was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that finer fibers with a uniform size distribution and fewer beads were preferred to improve the yield and the β-phase content of the electrospun fibers. The β-phase content, critical for the piezoelectric output, was calculated based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization results. The optimized parameters (i.e., 15.0 kV as the voltage, 15.0 wt.% as the solution concentration, and 0.51 mL/h as the flow rate) were determined to achieve a yield of 20.0% and a β-phase content of 71.8%. A theoretical model was developed to explain how porosity, controlled by electrospinning parameters, in combination with MEX-related parameters, can influence ink penetration depth, a critical factor for yield optimization. A representative sensor was evaluated to show a sensitivity of 17.2 mV/kPa. The sensor output signal decreased by approximately 1.9% when subjected to cyclic loading of 17.8 kPa at a frequency of 0.5 Hz for a duration of 21.0 minutes to prove the stability of the sensor performance. We demonstrated the application of the sensors by creating an all-additively manufactured stretchable sensing matrix, showcasing the stretchability and pressure sensing functionalities. The all-additive manufacturing technique simplifies the manufacturing of piezoelectrically active material-based devices, offering flexibility in engineering designs and a cost-effective solution for streamlined device manufacturing.
{"title":"Liquid-based Material Extrusion of Flexible Silver Electrodes onto Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Microfibers for Soft Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors: Towards Fully Three-dimensional Printed Functional Materials","authors":"Jinsheng Fan, Shujia Xu, Brittany Newell, Jose Garcia, Wenzhuo Wu, Robert A. Nawrocki","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110820","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of soft piezoelectric pressure sensors presents significant challenges. We introduce an all-additive manufacturing technique that combines liquid-based material extrusion (MEX) with electrospinning. This innovative approach marks the first use of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) fibers as the substrate for the direct production of piezoelectrically active materials without the need for electric poling as a post-processing step. The application of MEX enables the direct printing of electrode patterns without the need for mask fabrication. The surface morphology of electrospun PVdF fibers, which was significant for determining the yield of the fabricated sensors, was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that finer fibers with a uniform size distribution and fewer beads were preferred to improve the yield and the β-phase content of the electrospun fibers. The β-phase content, critical for the piezoelectric output, was calculated based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization results. The optimized parameters (i.e., 15.0<!-- --> <!-- -->kV as the voltage, 15.0<!-- --> <!-- -->wt.% as the solution concentration, and 0.51<!-- --> <!-- -->mL/h as the flow rate) were determined to achieve a yield of 20.0% and a β-phase content of 71.8%. A theoretical model was developed to explain how porosity, controlled by electrospinning parameters, in combination with MEX-related parameters, can influence ink penetration depth, a critical factor for yield optimization. A representative sensor was evaluated to show a sensitivity of 17.2<!-- --> <!-- -->mV/kPa. The sensor output signal decreased by approximately 1.9% when subjected to cyclic loading of 17.8 kPa at a frequency of 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->Hz for a duration of 21.0<!-- --> <!-- -->minutes to prove the stability of the sensor performance. We demonstrated the application of the sensors by creating an all-additively manufactured stretchable sensing matrix, showcasing the stretchability and pressure sensing functionalities. The all-additive manufacturing technique simplifies the manufacturing of piezoelectrically active material-based devices, offering flexibility in engineering designs and a cost-effective solution for streamlined device manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110823
Wenkui Dong, Zaihua Duan, Shuhua Peng, Yuan Chen, Dewei Chu, Huiling Tai, Wengui Li
Piezoresistive cement-based pressure sensors can detect traffic flow and structural changes in concrete structures. However, their reliance on significant external energy inputs limits practical adoption. This study develops an integrated cement-based device that emplyes a cement-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to harvest mechanical energy and power the piezoresistive cement-based sensor through a specially designed circuit, enabling electrical resistance monitoring under external mechanical loads. The device determines the fractional changes of resistivity (FCR) by analysing current changes in two separate branches. The optimized 1.0 wt% graphene nanoplates (GNP) incorporated into cementitious composites enhances electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant, while excessive GNP reduces impedance and dielectric properties. The resulting TENG achieves a short-circuit current of 7.0 µA and a peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage of 330 V. The piezoresistive sensor exhibits repeatable, reversible, and sensitive performance under high-range static and low-range dynamic loads. The force and FCR measurements recorded by the integrated device under various mechanical stimulations closely match the calculated results. This work advances the development of self-powering cement-based sensors without external energy inputs for traffic condition detection and structural health monitoring.
{"title":"Triboelectric nanogenerator-powering piezoresistive cement-based sensors for energy harvesting and structural health monitoring","authors":"Wenkui Dong, Zaihua Duan, Shuhua Peng, Yuan Chen, Dewei Chu, Huiling Tai, Wengui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110823","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoresistive cement-based pressure sensors can detect traffic flow and structural changes in concrete structures. However, their reliance on significant external energy inputs limits practical adoption. This study develops an integrated cement-based device that emplyes a cement-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to harvest mechanical energy and power the piezoresistive cement-based sensor through a specially designed circuit, enabling electrical resistance monitoring under external mechanical loads. The device determines the fractional changes of resistivity (FCR) by analysing current changes in two separate branches. The optimized 1.0<!-- --> <!-- -->wt% graphene nanoplates (GNP) incorporated into cementitious composites enhances electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant, while excessive GNP reduces impedance and dielectric properties. The resulting TENG achieves a short-circuit current of 7.0<!-- --> <!-- -->µA and a peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage of 330<!-- --> <!-- -->V. The piezoresistive sensor exhibits repeatable, reversible, and sensitive performance under high-range static and low-range dynamic loads. The force and FCR measurements recorded by the integrated device under various mechanical stimulations closely match the calculated results. This work advances the development of self-powering cement-based sensors without external energy inputs for traffic condition detection and structural health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110819
Mohit Kumar, Sangmin Lee, Hyungtak Seo
Reconfiguring differential capacitance (DC = dC/dV) holds significant promise for the advancement of energy-efficient and multifunctional electronic components. Typical passive components like resistors or conventional capacitors lack the ability to exhibit cumulative charge behavior, making them unsuitable for advanced computing and data processing tasks. In this study, we introduce a nanodomain HfZrO2 ferroelectric device capable of modulating DC values from positive to negative, a feature enabled by its intrinsic and randomly oriented ferroelectric polarization. The device demonstrates dynamic multilevel hysteresis loop openings in capacitance-voltage characteristics, confirmed through advanced characterization techniques, including vector piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using an Op-Amp integrator circuit, we derived cumulative charge (SumQ) from capacitance data with unprecedented control and predictability, achieving high linearity (>99%) and distinct charge levels, a feat unattainable in typical resistors or capacitors. Furthermore, the SumQ data was successfully employed in machine learning (ML) models to classify human presence and absence based on WiFi received signal strength indicator signals. This application underscores the potential of our device in enabling advanced ML-driven electronic systems and security applications. These results establish our device as an innovation, bridging the gap between physical electronic behavior and computational applications, and paving the way for next-generation high-performance electronic systems.
{"title":"Multilevel Reconfigurable Differential Capacitance in HfZrO2 Ferroelectric Devices: Enabling Machine Learning-Based Classification","authors":"Mohit Kumar, Sangmin Lee, Hyungtak Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110819","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfiguring differential capacitance (DC = dC/dV) holds significant promise for the advancement of energy-efficient and multifunctional electronic components. Typical passive components like resistors or conventional capacitors lack the ability to exhibit cumulative charge behavior, making them unsuitable for advanced computing and data processing tasks. In this study, we introduce a nanodomain HfZrO<sub>2</sub> ferroelectric device capable of modulating DC values from positive to negative, a feature enabled by its intrinsic and randomly oriented ferroelectric polarization. The device demonstrates dynamic multilevel hysteresis loop openings in capacitance-voltage characteristics, confirmed through advanced characterization techniques, including vector piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Using an Op-Amp integrator circuit, we derived cumulative charge (SumQ) from capacitance data with unprecedented control and predictability, achieving high linearity (>99%) and distinct charge levels, a feat unattainable in typical resistors or capacitors. Furthermore, the SumQ data was successfully employed in machine learning (ML) models to classify human presence and absence based on WiFi received signal strength indicator signals. This application underscores the potential of our device in enabling advanced ML-driven electronic systems and security applications. These results establish our device as an innovation, bridging the gap between physical electronic behavior and computational applications, and paving the way for next-generation high-performance electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110811
Ji Sik Choi, Guilherme V. Fortunato, Marko Malinovic, Ezra S. Koh, Raquel Aymerich-Armengol, Christina Scheu, Huize Wang, Andreas Hutzler, Jan P. Hofmann, Marcos R.V. Lanza, Marc Ledendecker
Traditionally, evaluating a catalyst's activity has focused on its intrinsic properties. However, the observed catalytic behavior can be significantly influenced by both systematic parameters and mesoscopic mass transport limitations. Although the independent roles of various factors are known, their intricate interplay within electrocatalysis remains elusive. This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the interplay between these factors in the selective generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using Aux/C catalysts with varying particle sizes. By considering the exchange of surface-bound reaction intermediates between the electrode and bulk electrolyte, we reveal how the catalyst's surface area can influence selectivity through kinetic competition. This effect becomes particularly relevant for technologically important reactions such as the ORR, where multiple product pathways exist. This study underscores the need for a multi-scale approach that considers all these factors, especially for reactions involving multiple reaction pathways. Precise tuning of these parameters is essential for achieving a reliable and equitable assessment of electrocatalysts, paving the way for optimizing H2O2 production and similar multi-step electrocatalytic reactions.
{"title":"Decoding Systematic Effects and Mass Transport in H2O2 Production via Aux/C ORR Electrocatalysis","authors":"Ji Sik Choi, Guilherme V. Fortunato, Marko Malinovic, Ezra S. Koh, Raquel Aymerich-Armengol, Christina Scheu, Huize Wang, Andreas Hutzler, Jan P. Hofmann, Marcos R.V. Lanza, Marc Ledendecker","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110811","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, evaluating a catalyst's activity has focused on its intrinsic properties. However, the observed catalytic behavior can be significantly influenced by both systematic parameters and mesoscopic mass transport limitations. Although the independent roles of various factors are known, their intricate interplay within electrocatalysis remains elusive. This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the interplay between these factors in the selective generation of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) via the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using Au<sub>x</sub>/C catalysts with varying particle sizes. By considering the exchange of surface-bound reaction intermediates between the electrode and bulk electrolyte, we reveal how the catalyst's surface area can influence selectivity through kinetic competition. This effect becomes particularly relevant for technologically important reactions such as the ORR, where multiple product pathways exist. This study underscores the need for a multi-scale approach that considers all these factors, especially for reactions involving multiple reaction pathways. Precise tuning of these parameters is essential for achieving a reliable and equitable assessment of electrocatalysts, paving the way for optimizing H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production and similar multi-step electrocatalytic reactions.","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110813
Changdong Chen , Qiang Deng , Youqi Chu , Qimeng Zhang , Pengyuan Dong , Shunzhang You , Fan Peng , Chenghao Yang
Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are eco-friendly alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage, in which P3-type manganese-based layered oxides offer the benefits of non-toxicity, low cost, and high energy density. However, they encounter increasing electrostatic repulsion during K+ migration, causing slippage between manganese-oxygen layers, which leads to irreversible phase transitions and structural degradation. Herein, a synergistic strategy of P-doping induced lattice regulation and K3PO4 surface coating is proposed to achieve high structural stability of P3-K0.5Mn0.72Ni0.15Co0.13O2 (KMNCO@KPO-3). The P doping leads to the expansion the interlayer spacing and facilitates the K+ storage, resulting in the alleviated diffusion-induced stress and enhanced structural stability during K+ (de)intercalation. Besides, the stronger P-O bonds enhance O2- stability, leading to reduce lattice oxygen loss and inhibiting P3-O3 phase transitions. Meanwhile, the K3PO4 surface coating further mitigates the erosion from the electrolyte. Thus, KMNCO@KPO-3 achieves improved structural stability and minimized mechanical damage. The full cell with KMNCO@KPO-3 cathode exhibits a capacity retention of 88.1 % over 100 cycles as well as exceptional rate performance. These findings highlight the significant potential of KMNCO@KPO-3 for industrial applications.
{"title":"Surface phosphating of layered oxide cathode materials for potassium-ion battery","authors":"Changdong Chen , Qiang Deng , Youqi Chu , Qimeng Zhang , Pengyuan Dong , Shunzhang You , Fan Peng , Chenghao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are eco-friendly alternatives to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage, in which P3-type manganese-based layered oxides offer the benefits of non-toxicity, low cost, and high energy density. However, they encounter increasing electrostatic repulsion during K<sup>+</sup> migration, causing slippage between manganese-oxygen layers, which leads to irreversible phase transitions and structural degradation. Herein, a synergistic strategy of P-doping induced lattice regulation and K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> surface coating is proposed to achieve high structural stability of P3-K<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.72</sub>Ni<sub>0.15</sub>Co<sub>0.13</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (KMNCO@KPO-3). The P doping leads to the expansion the interlayer spacing and facilitates the K<sup>+</sup> storage, resulting in the alleviated diffusion-induced stress and enhanced structural stability during K<sup>+</sup> (de)intercalation. Besides, the stronger P-O bonds enhance O<sup>2-</sup> stability, leading to reduce lattice oxygen loss and inhibiting P3-O3 phase transitions. Meanwhile, the K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> surface coating further mitigates the erosion from the electrolyte. Thus, KMNCO@KPO-3 achieves improved structural stability and minimized mechanical damage. The full cell with KMNCO@KPO-3 cathode exhibits a capacity retention of 88.1 % over 100 cycles as well as exceptional rate performance. These findings highlight the significant potential of KMNCO@KPO-3 for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 110813"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110814
Yingbin Hong , Hongbin Lin , Leyi Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Xianbin Ye , Liu Qian , Dejun Xiong , Hu-rong Yao , Lituo Zheng , Zhensheng Hong
Sodium-based NaTMO2 layered materials have been recognized as a momentous cathode for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). The type and ratio of transition metals are crucial to the structure and sodium storage performance. However, most studies reported so far are rather arbitrary and random, focusing on a specific point of interested ratio, thus lacking consistency and systematicness to understand their composition-property relationship. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic investigation using NaNixMnyFezO2 (NMF) materials as research subject, employing a materiomics approach to construct pseudo-ternary diagrams of various properties and elucidate the roles of individual elements. Unique mertis and drawbacks of each element, including those previously undiscovered, are presented and discussed. For example, moderately elevated iron content can greatly boost the reversible capacity, despite common belief that this leads to cation migration and irreversible structure damage. Representative elemental ratios are selected for characterization and calculation, in order to correlate the elemental ratios to the structural properties (including electronic structure, energy level, crystal parameters, sodium ion transport properties, structural stability, etc.) and electrochemical properties (capacity, rate, cycling, etc.). A library of NMF materials with different elemental ratios is built to predict and rationally design NMF materials, and NMF materials with different transition metal ratios can be selected to meet the requirements (cycle life, capacity, rate capability, etc.) of various application scenarios. Moreover, the cathode's thermal stability and high-temperature cycling stability are evaluated for their suitability for practical applications.
{"title":"Mapping the composition-property relationship of sodium cathode materials with materiomics","authors":"Yingbin Hong , Hongbin Lin , Leyi Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Xianbin Ye , Liu Qian , Dejun Xiong , Hu-rong Yao , Lituo Zheng , Zhensheng Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nanoen.2025.110814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-based NaTMO<sub>2</sub> layered materials have been recognized as a momentous cathode for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). The type and ratio of transition metals are crucial to the structure and sodium storage performance. However, most studies reported so far are rather arbitrary and random, focusing on a specific point of interested ratio, thus lacking consistency and systematicness to understand their composition-property relationship. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic investigation using NaNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Fe<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMF) materials as research subject, employing a materiomics approach to construct pseudo-ternary diagrams of various properties and elucidate the roles of individual elements. Unique mertis and drawbacks of each element, including those previously undiscovered, are presented and discussed. For example, moderately elevated iron content can greatly boost the reversible capacity, despite common belief that this leads to cation migration and irreversible structure damage. Representative elemental ratios are selected for characterization and calculation, in order to correlate the elemental ratios to the structural properties (including electronic structure, energy level, crystal parameters, sodium ion transport properties, structural stability, etc.) and electrochemical properties (capacity, rate, cycling, etc.). A library of NMF materials with different elemental ratios is built to predict and rationally design NMF materials, and NMF materials with different transition metal ratios can be selected to meet the requirements (cycle life, capacity, rate capability, etc.) of various application scenarios. Moreover, the cathode's thermal stability and high-temperature cycling stability are evaluated for their suitability for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":394,"journal":{"name":"Nano Energy","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 110814"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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