Enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by Solanum nigrum L. through the addition of earthworm and organic wastes

IF 5.2 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI:10.1186/s40538-024-00696-5
Yang Luo, Yu Yang, Jiang Liu, Yangzhou Xiang, Ziyan Duan, Xuqiang Luo
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Abstract

Background

Phytoremediation is considered to have great development potential to deal with soil Cd contamination, and assisted measures are necessary to improve the efficiency of Cd extraction from soil by hyperaccumulator plants. Based on this, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the growth indices, physiological indices, Cd content of Solanum nigrum L. and soil bacterial community under single and combined application of earthworm and organic wastes [chili straw and spent mushroom substrate (SMS)].

Results

Pot experiments revealed that adding earthworms, chili straw, or SMS alone did not affect the growth of S. nigrum. However, the combination of earthworms + chili straw and earthworms + SMS, significantly increased the total dry weight of S. nigrum by 20.94% and 74.69% compared to the control. The chlorophyll content of S. nigrum in the treatment groups with earthworms, SMS, and earthworms + SMS was also significantly higher than that in the control. Meanwhile, adding earthworms and organic wastes also reduced the malondialdehyde content in the leaves of S. nigrum and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. In addition, applying earthworm + chili straw and earthworm + SMS also increased the availability of Cd in the soil, promoted the absorption of Cd by S. nigrum, and significantly increased its total extraction amount of Cd by 41.55% and 92.83%, respectively. The diversity of soil bacterial communities increased when earthworms and organic wastes coexisted. Adding earthworms and organic wastes also increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level and of Sphingomonas, Ohtaekwangia, Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, and Aridibacter at the genus level in the soil. At the same time, this process reduces the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level and Devosia and Bacillus at the genus level.

Conclusions

The combined application of earthworms and SMS enhanced phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil by S. nigrum. It also improved soil nutrient conditions and reduced external environmental stress on bacteria, increasing their diversity and restructuring the community structure, which was conducive to forming a good soil microecological environment. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the treatment of Cd contaminated soil, but field experiments need to be conducted for verification and optimization before practical application in the future.

Graphical Abstract

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通过添加蚯蚓和有机废物加强黑茄科植物对镉污染土壤的植物修复作用
背景植物修复被认为在处理土壤镉污染方面具有巨大的发展潜力,有必要采取辅助措施来提高高积累植物从土壤中提取镉的效率。基于此,我们进行了一项盆栽实验,以确定在单独施用和联合施用蚯蚓和有机废物(辣椒秸秆和废蘑菇基质(SMS))的情况下,黑木耳的生长指数、生理指数、镉含量和土壤细菌群落。但是,与对照相比,蚯蚓+辣椒秸秆和蚯蚓+SMS 的组合能显著增加金线莲的总干重,分别增加了 20.94% 和 74.69%。加入蚯蚓、SMS 和蚯蚓 + SMS 的处理组中,黑奴的叶绿素含量也明显高于对照组。同时,添加蚯蚓和有机废弃物还能降低黑奴叶片中丙二醛的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性。此外,施用蚯蚓+辣椒秸秆和蚯蚓+SMS 还增加了土壤中镉的可利用性,促进了黑麦草对镉的吸收,使其镉的总提取量分别显著增加了 41.55% 和 92.83%。蚯蚓和有机废物共存时,土壤细菌群落的多样性增加。添加蚯蚓和有机废物还增加了土壤中蚯蚓微生物门(Verrucomicrobia)和鞘氨单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、Ohtaekwangia、酵母菌属(Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis)和旱杆菌属(Aridibacter)的相对丰度。结论蚯蚓和 SMS 的联合应用提高了黑褐藻对镉污染土壤的植物萃取能力。同时,还改善了土壤养分条件,减轻了外部环境对细菌的压力,增加了细菌的多样性,调整了群落结构,有利于形成良好的土壤微生态环境。本研究的结果可为镉污染土壤的处理提供科学依据,但在今后的实际应用中,还需要进行田间试验进行验证和优化。
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来源期刊
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
3.00%
发文量
83
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture. This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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