Growth, immunomodulatory, histopathological, and antibacterial effects of phytobiotic-incorporated diets on Oreochromis niloticus in unchanged water

IF 3 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2024.1473053

Amr Fadel, Mohamed M. M. Metwally, Habib Ul Hassan, Adel A. Abdelmageed, Takaomi Arai, Mohammad Z. Ahmed, Mohamed F. A. Abdel-Aziz

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Abstract

Phytobiotics are promising diet alternatives, yet their effectiveness in high-risk aquaculture conditions remains underexplored. Therefore, a 90-day feeding trial was conducted based on dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with herbal extracts, namely, lemon balm [Melissa officinalis (MOE)], marjoram [Origanum majorana (OME)], and chamomile [Matricaria chamomilla (MCE)] with 0% water change. The treated groups were compared to groups untreated with herbs or control groups [positive control (PC; 0% water change) and negative control (NC; 20% water exchange per day]. Fish were cultured at stocking density (20 fish m-3: 1.8kg of biomass/m3). We conducted a physicochemical analysis of the water and the clinical responses, growth, and immune responses of the fish were evaluated. Furthermore, the herbal-supplemented fish were then challenged with a pathogenic Edwardseilla tarda strain and mortality was monitored. In the 1st and 2nd months, the water parameters were within the permissible limits. After that, a fatally low dissolved oxygen concentration and the highest levels of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH were recorded during the 3rd month. Blood and immune assays were conducted in the treated groups and control groups. The herbal-treated groups appeared healthy, but during the 3rd month, lethargy and decreased appetite were evident. Generally, the herbal-treated fish showed improved growth performance parameters, survival rates, and resistance against pathogenic bacteria E. tarda, particularly in the OME and MOE-treated groups compared to the positive control group. Finally, phytobiotic supplements were shown to improve fish stress tolerance and immune activation for a certain period under stressful conditions or unchanged water, based on the stocking density, dosages of herbs used, and the extent of deterioration of the water quality.

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加入植物生物的日粮对未改变水质的黑线鲈的生长、免疫调节、组织病理学和抗菌作用

植物生物制剂是很有前途的日粮替代品，但其在高风险水产养殖条件下的有效性仍未得到充分探索。因此，我们对尼罗罗非鱼进行了一项为期 90 天的饲养试验，在日粮中添加草药提取物，即柠檬香脂（Melissa officinalis (MOE)）、马郁兰（Origanum majorana (OME)）和洋甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla (MCE)），换水量为 0%。处理组与未用草药处理组或对照组[阳性对照组（PC；0%换水量）和阴性对照组（NC；每天 20% 换水量]]进行比较。鱼的养殖密度为（20 鱼 m-3：1.8 千克生物量/立方米）。我们对水进行了理化分析，并对鱼的临床反应、生长和免疫反应进行了评估。此外，我们还用致病性 Edwardseilla tarda 菌株对添加了草药的鱼类进行了挑战，并对死亡率进行了监测。第 1 个月和第 2 个月，水质参数都在允许范围内。此后，溶解氧浓度极低，氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和 pH 值在第 3 个月达到最高水平。对治疗组和对照组进行了血液和免疫测定。经中草药处理的组看起来很健康，但在第 3 个月，嗜睡和食欲下降的现象明显。总体而言，与阳性对照组相比，经中草药处理的鱼类在生长性能参数、存活率和对病原菌 E. tarda 的抵抗力方面均有改善，尤其是 OME 和 MOE 处理组。最后，根据放养密度、草药用量和水质恶化程度，植物生物补充剂可在一定时期内提高鱼类在应激条件下或水质不变情况下的抗应激能力和免疫激活能力。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.