Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1568474
Inmaculada Rodríguez-Santalla, David Gomez-Ortiz, Juan J. Muñoz-Perez
While the internal structure of transgressive dunes is relatively well understood, little is known about that of climbing dunes. The Valdevaqueros dune, located 10 kilometers northwest of Tarifa (Cádiz), is considered one of the largest and most active transgressive dunes in Europe, as well as one of the main climbing dunes of the Iberian Peninsula. This study analyzes the internal structure of the Valdevaqueros dune using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. The results reveal a variety of sedimentary structures that reflect different wind intensities and directions. The findings highlight the significant role of topography in the development of these structures. These results contribute to expanding knowledge about climbing dunes, and particularly the dynamics of the Valdevaqueros dune.
{"title":"Review of the internal structure of a climbing dune. The case of the Valdevaqueros dune (Cádiz, Spain)","authors":"Inmaculada Rodríguez-Santalla, David Gomez-Ortiz, Juan J. Muñoz-Perez","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1568474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1568474","url":null,"abstract":"While the internal structure of transgressive dunes is relatively well understood, little is known about that of climbing dunes. The Valdevaqueros dune, located 10 kilometers northwest of Tarifa (Cádiz), is considered one of the largest and most active transgressive dunes in Europe, as well as one of the main climbing dunes of the Iberian Peninsula. This study analyzes the internal structure of the Valdevaqueros dune using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles. The results reveal a variety of sedimentary structures that reflect different wind intensities and directions. The findings highlight the significant role of topography in the development of these structures. These results contribute to expanding knowledge about climbing dunes, and particularly the dynamics of the Valdevaqueros dune.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1568287
Susanne Bähr, Sancia E. T. van der Meij, Erika P. Santoro, Francesca Benzoni
Many cryptic invertebrates residing within the coral reef matrix exhibit symbiotic relationships with scleractinian hosts. Despite their contribution to reef biodiversity, these host-symbiont associations and their potential impact on coral fitness and survival remain poorly understood. Additionally, the presence of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae within coral tissue further enhances the complexity of these multibiont relationships. This study focuses on coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) that structurally modify their host’s skeleton. By using Imaging Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) fluorometry, which provides a spatial assessment of maximum quantum yields of PSII fluorescence (Fv/Fm values), we investigated the impact of cryptochirids on the photosynthetic performance of the corals’ symbiotic algae in eight coral-crab associations, encompassing six coral species from the central Red Sea. Visual output of Fv/Fm values at coral fragment scale showed no distinct effects of cryptochirid presence on Symbiodiniaceae in uninhabited areas. However, Fv/Fm measurements near the crabs’ dwellings (<3 mm) showed significant increases (3–6%) in three colonies and significant decreases (4–12%) in two colonies. Although the exact cause of the increased photosynthetic efficiency in two associations remains speculative, the presence of filamentous algae and trapped sediment near the dwelling likely accounts for the reduced values observed in one of the Echinopora associations. Considering that the photosynthetic efficiency of Symbiodiniaceae in most studied corals was not affected by the crabs, we suggest that their presence has no widespread negative impact on these multisymbiotic relationships. This study highlights the need for additional research to better understand the ecological function of multibiont assemblages on coral reefs.
{"title":"Imaging PAM fluorometry reveals stable photosynthetic efficiency in multibiont symbioses on coral reefs","authors":"Susanne Bähr, Sancia E. T. van der Meij, Erika P. Santoro, Francesca Benzoni","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1568287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1568287","url":null,"abstract":"Many cryptic invertebrates residing within the coral reef matrix exhibit symbiotic relationships with scleractinian hosts. Despite their contribution to reef biodiversity, these host-symbiont associations and their potential impact on coral fitness and survival remain poorly understood. Additionally, the presence of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae within coral tissue further enhances the complexity of these multibiont relationships. This study focuses on coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) that structurally modify their host’s skeleton. By using Imaging Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) fluorometry, which provides a spatial assessment of maximum quantum yields of PSII fluorescence (<jats:italic>F<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>/F<jats:sub>m</jats:sub></jats:italic> values), we investigated the impact of cryptochirids on the photosynthetic performance of the corals’ symbiotic algae in eight coral-crab associations, encompassing six coral species from the central Red Sea. Visual output of <jats:italic>F<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>/F<jats:sub>m</jats:sub></jats:italic> values at coral fragment scale showed no distinct effects of cryptochirid presence on Symbiodiniaceae in uninhabited areas. However, <jats:italic>F<jats:sub>v</jats:sub>/F<jats:sub>m</jats:sub></jats:italic> measurements near the crabs’ dwellings (&lt;3 mm) showed significant increases (3–6%) in three colonies and significant decreases (4–12%) in two colonies. Although the exact cause of the increased photosynthetic efficiency in two associations remains speculative, the presence of filamentous algae and trapped sediment near the dwelling likely accounts for the reduced values observed in one of the <jats:italic>Echinopora</jats:italic> associations. Considering that the photosynthetic efficiency of Symbiodiniaceae in most studied corals was not affected by the crabs, we suggest that their presence has no widespread negative impact on these multisymbiotic relationships. This study highlights the need for additional research to better understand the ecological function of multibiont assemblages on coral reefs.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1533220
Muhammad Mohsin, Hengbin Yin, Ana Mehak
Risk perception is crucial for making effective fisheries management strategies. However, this role of risk perception needs to be addressed, particularly in developing countries. Published literature documents such a scenario in the case of Pakistan, which results in a decreased economic contribution to the fisheries sector. Despite its importance, the role of risk perception in managing the fisheries sector is absent in online scientific studies. The present study strives to address this research void by analyzing survey-based data collected through snowball sampling between May 2022 and October 2024. Multivariate analysis, viz., Structure Equation Modeling (SEM), was done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as well as Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Cronbach’s alpha values for all constructs were above 0.6, with the highest being 0.962 for policies and regulations risk, confirming data reliability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indices, including Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (0.933) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) (0.916), indicated a good model fit, with acceptable construct reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values. SEM showed that economic risk (estimate = -0.425, p = 0.000), environmental risk (estimate = -0.251, p = 0.007), and consumption risk (estimate = -0.265, p = 0.000) negatively impacted performance, while policies and regulations risk (estimate = -0.113, p = 0.121) and infrastructure and logistics risk (estimate = -0.073, p = 0.411) were insignificant. Risk perception was a significant mediator of performance, with varying effects across Sindh and Balochistan. According to the survey participants, there is a dire need to increase levels of fisheries risk perception, which can be achieved through properly designed capacity-building and incentive-based management techniques. Furthermore, this study discusses the practical implications and limitations.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of risk perception on fisheries performance: a structural equation modeling approach in coastal fisheries","authors":"Muhammad Mohsin, Hengbin Yin, Ana Mehak","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1533220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1533220","url":null,"abstract":"Risk perception is crucial for making effective fisheries management strategies. However, this role of risk perception needs to be addressed, particularly in developing countries. Published literature documents such a scenario in the case of Pakistan, which results in a decreased economic contribution to the fisheries sector. Despite its importance, the role of risk perception in managing the fisheries sector is absent in online scientific studies. The present study strives to address this research void by analyzing survey-based data collected through snowball sampling between May 2022 and October 2024. Multivariate analysis, viz., Structure Equation Modeling (SEM), was done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as well as Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Cronbach’s alpha values for all constructs were above 0.6, with the highest being 0.962 for policies and regulations risk, confirming data reliability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indices, including Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (0.933) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) (0.916), indicated a good model fit, with acceptable construct reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values. SEM showed that economic risk (estimate = -0.425, p = 0.000), environmental risk (estimate = -0.251, p = 0.007), and consumption risk (estimate = -0.265, p = 0.000) negatively impacted performance, while policies and regulations risk (estimate = -0.113, p = 0.121) and infrastructure and logistics risk (estimate = -0.073, p = 0.411) were insignificant. Risk perception was a significant mediator of performance, with varying effects across Sindh and Balochistan. According to the survey participants, there is a dire need to increase levels of fisheries risk perception, which can be achieved through properly designed capacity-building and incentive-based management techniques. Furthermore, this study discusses the practical implications and limitations.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe’s marine and coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, however, their ability to support climate adaptation and mitigation is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates integrated approaches that align marine conservation with climate adaptation, revealing untapped potential in leveraging synergies across governance, planning, management, and sectoral integration. Despite extensive research in both fields, their interlinkages remain underexplored, with implementation often fragmented and in early development stages. Our findings identify major nexus approaches, particularly ecosystem-based strategies, which, when effectively applied, strengthen the resilience of coastal social-ecological systems. Central nexus measures include climate-smart marine protected areas, ecosystem restoration (e.g., for wetlands, reefs, dunes, seagrasses), pollution control, and hybrid coastal protection solutions. However, their success hinges on cross-sectoral coordination, robust governance, adaptive management, effective stakeholder engagement, long-term monitoring, and financial sustainability. A critical gap in integrating marine conservation and climate adaptation reflects not only a research shortfall but also barriers in policy and practice. Addressing trade-offs between conservation and adaptation is crucial to maximizing synergies while avoiding unintended socio-economic consequences. The study underscores the need for science-policy integration and transformative governance frameworks to implement nexus strategies at scale. Strengthening regulatory coherence, integrating adaptation into marine spatial planning, and expanding financing mechanisms are critical to operationalizing these measures effectively. These insights provide pathways for policymakers, researchers and practitioners to develop resilient, adaptive marine and coastal management approaches in the face of accelerating climate change.
{"title":"Exploring marine conservation and climate adaptation synergies and strategies in European seas as an emerging nexus: a review","authors":"Gregory Fuchs, Fenja Kroos, Cordula Scherer, Miriam Seifert, Nico Stelljes","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1542705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1542705","url":null,"abstract":"Europe’s marine and coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, however, their ability to support climate adaptation and mitigation is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates integrated approaches that align marine conservation with climate adaptation, revealing untapped potential in leveraging synergies across governance, planning, management, and sectoral integration. Despite extensive research in both fields, their interlinkages remain underexplored, with implementation often fragmented and in early development stages. Our findings identify major nexus approaches, particularly ecosystem-based strategies, which, when effectively applied, strengthen the resilience of coastal social-ecological systems. Central nexus measures include climate-smart marine protected areas, ecosystem restoration (e.g., for wetlands, reefs, dunes, seagrasses), pollution control, and hybrid coastal protection solutions. However, their success hinges on cross-sectoral coordination, robust governance, adaptive management, effective stakeholder engagement, long-term monitoring, and financial sustainability. A critical gap in integrating marine conservation and climate adaptation reflects not only a research shortfall but also barriers in policy and practice. Addressing trade-offs between conservation and adaptation is crucial to maximizing synergies while avoiding unintended socio-economic consequences. The study underscores the need for science-policy integration and transformative governance frameworks to implement nexus strategies at scale. Strengthening regulatory coherence, integrating adaptation into marine spatial planning, and expanding financing mechanisms are critical to operationalizing these measures effectively. These insights provide pathways for policymakers, researchers and practitioners to develop resilient, adaptive marine and coastal management approaches in the face of accelerating climate change.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1483428
Chantelle Potier, Justine Keefer, Gerald G. Singh
Coastal communities around the world are facing increasingly severe climate change impacts that threaten their current and future livability. To address these impacts, coastal climate adaptation projects have taken various approaches to decreasing climate vulnerability through nature-based solutions and hard infrastructure centered around minimizing stormwater flooding, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise; as well as coastal retreat programs for when vulnerabilities cannot be mitigated. While these adaptation projects are important in addressing current climate impacts, many adaptation projects run the risk of exacerbating pre-existing social inequalities and/or creating new ones. We surveyed current coastal climate adaptation projects in Canada, which include a mix of nature-based, hard infrastructure, relocation, and hybrid projects, and performed a literature review to assess adaptation projects’ potential social equity risks based on the information available. We find that all adaptation plans have the potential of generating equity risks, with different kinds of interventions potentially generating different risks, such as redirecting climate impacts to other communities, displacing communities, and promoting development in risky areas. Adaptation projects are more likely to experience maladaptive social outcomes when they are planned and implemented by people removed from the impacted communities, as this removal often creates oversights in exactly who and how people will be impacted. Maladaptive outcomes may also be the result of processing and funding limitations. Conversely, we found that there are important mediating steps that can limit or avoid maladaptive outcomes, most importantly inclusive planning processes where marginalized groups are involved in decision-making. We argue that this risk-based approach to purposely outline potential maladaptive outcomes are important to assess how adaptation projects may perpetuate the historical marginalization, dispossession, and displacement of marginalized communities. If potential risks can be outlined in advance, there are opportunities for planning processes to mitigate and avoid these risks.
{"title":"Potential adverse equity consequences of coastal climate adaptation interventions in Canada","authors":"Chantelle Potier, Justine Keefer, Gerald G. Singh","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1483428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1483428","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal communities around the world are facing increasingly severe climate change impacts that threaten their current and future livability. To address these impacts, coastal climate adaptation projects have taken various approaches to decreasing climate vulnerability through nature-based solutions and hard infrastructure centered around minimizing stormwater flooding, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise; as well as coastal retreat programs for when vulnerabilities cannot be mitigated. While these adaptation projects are important in addressing current climate impacts, many adaptation projects run the risk of exacerbating pre-existing social inequalities and/or creating new ones. We surveyed current coastal climate adaptation projects in Canada, which include a mix of nature-based, hard infrastructure, relocation, and hybrid projects, and performed a literature review to assess adaptation projects’ potential social equity risks based on the information available. We find that all adaptation plans have the potential of generating equity risks, with different kinds of interventions potentially generating different risks, such as redirecting climate impacts to other communities, displacing communities, and promoting development in risky areas. Adaptation projects are more likely to experience maladaptive social outcomes when they are planned and implemented by people removed from the impacted communities, as this removal often creates oversights in exactly who and how people will be impacted. Maladaptive outcomes may also be the result of processing and funding limitations. Conversely, we found that there are important mediating steps that can limit or avoid maladaptive outcomes, most importantly inclusive planning processes where marginalized groups are involved in decision-making. We argue that this risk-based approach to purposely outline potential maladaptive outcomes are important to assess how adaptation projects may perpetuate the historical marginalization, dispossession, and displacement of marginalized communities. If potential risks can be outlined in advance, there are opportunities for planning processes to mitigate and avoid these risks.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nearshore fringing reefs have been shown to establish and accrete within sediment-laden coastal environments over millennial timescales. However, the mechanisms governing the evolution of turbid-water reefs remain inadequately understood. This study focuses on a fringing reef in the Changpi (CP) region along the eastern coast of Hainan Island, China. Sedimentological and geochronological analyses of four drill cores provided the first comprehensive growth history for this marginal reef setting through a systematic reconstruction of its developmental chronology, architectural framework, and ecological characteristics. Radiocarbon dating reveals reef initiated at about 7,400 cal yr BP and ceased accretion after 4,000 cal yr BP. By integrating core observations, thin-section petrography, and X-ray diffraction results, five distinct lithofacies were identified. These lithofacies exhibit varying degrees of mixing between siliciclastic and carbonate components, revealing that the reef system was periodically influenced by terrigenous siliciclastic input. The vertical accretion of the CP reef underwent three primary stages: (1) colonization stage (7,400-6,400 cal yr BP), characterized by well-preserved coral assemblages in high-energy, clear-water conditions with relatively low accretion rates (ca 0.35 mm/yr) and gradual coral diversification; (2) turbid stage (6,400-5,500 cal yr BP), marked by rapid terrigenous clastic deposition that produced persistent turbidity, leading to accelerated accretion rates (up to 6.29 mm/yr) and reduced coral diversity; and (3) stabilization stage (5,500-4,000 cal yr BP), during which stabilized siliciclastic input restored clear-water conditions, supporting renewed coral growth at moderate accretion rates (ca 2.70 mm/yr). This case study demonstrates that terrestrial sediment fluxes can exert a greater influence on nearshore reef trajectories than sea-level changes, particularly in regions or periods characterized by high sediment input. As suggested by the findings, this underscores the necessity of integrated coastal zone management strategies aimed at reducing agricultural runoff and controlling construction sediment to enhance reef resilience.
{"title":"Depositional evolution of nearshore fringing reefs in the Changpi region, Hainan Island: assessing the impact of siliciclastic influx on reef development","authors":"Maosong Ye, Lijuan Shao, Ruirui Song, Weihua Liao, Qiaozhu Pang, Hongfei Xu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1583848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1583848","url":null,"abstract":"Nearshore fringing reefs have been shown to establish and accrete within sediment-laden coastal environments over millennial timescales. However, the mechanisms governing the evolution of turbid-water reefs remain inadequately understood. This study focuses on a fringing reef in the Changpi (CP) region along the eastern coast of Hainan Island, China. Sedimentological and geochronological analyses of four drill cores provided the first comprehensive growth history for this marginal reef setting through a systematic reconstruction of its developmental chronology, architectural framework, and ecological characteristics. Radiocarbon dating reveals reef initiated at about 7,400 cal yr BP and ceased accretion after 4,000 cal yr BP. By integrating core observations, thin-section petrography, and X-ray diffraction results, five distinct lithofacies were identified. These lithofacies exhibit varying degrees of mixing between siliciclastic and carbonate components, revealing that the reef system was periodically influenced by terrigenous siliciclastic input. The vertical accretion of the CP reef underwent three primary stages: (1) colonization stage (7,400-6,400 cal yr BP), characterized by well-preserved coral assemblages in high-energy, clear-water conditions with relatively low accretion rates (ca 0.35 mm/yr) and gradual coral diversification; (2) turbid stage (6,400-5,500 cal yr BP), marked by rapid terrigenous clastic deposition that produced persistent turbidity, leading to accelerated accretion rates (up to 6.29 mm/yr) and reduced coral diversity; and (3) stabilization stage (5,500-4,000 cal yr BP), during which stabilized siliciclastic input restored clear-water conditions, supporting renewed coral growth at moderate accretion rates (ca 2.70 mm/yr). This case study demonstrates that terrestrial sediment fluxes can exert a greater influence on nearshore reef trajectories than sea-level changes, particularly in regions or periods characterized by high sediment input. As suggested by the findings, this underscores the necessity of integrated coastal zone management strategies aimed at reducing agricultural runoff and controlling construction sediment to enhance reef resilience.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionThis study investigates the effects of salinity on the growth, survival, tissue morphology, osmotic regulation, metabolism, and antioxidant responses of juvenile Eleutheronema tetradactylum.MethodsThe experiment was conducted under controlled aquaculture conditions with eight salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 PSU), each with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) in cylindrical tanks (500 L). Juveniles (mean total length: 16.43 ± 0.87 cm; mean body weight: 35.71 ± 1.067g) were exposed to the treatments for 30 days. Key measurements included plasma osmotic pressure, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in the gills, assessed at 0, 1, 10, 20, and 30 days.ResultsSurvival rates, growth parameters, and histopathological changes in gill, intestinal, and kidney tissues were also evaluated. Additionally, plasma levels of lactic acid (LD), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results revealed that survival rates were significantly lower in the 0 PSU group compared to all other salinities (P< 0.05). Growth performance, including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), and daily weight gain (DWG), was significantly reduced at high salinities (30 and 35 PSU) (P< 0.05). Histopathological alterations were observed in the gills, intestine, and kidneys, particularly in osmoregulatory tissues. Salinity also significantly affected NKA, plasma osmotic pressure, and ion concentrations. The isosmotic point for E. tetradactylum was determined to be approximately 10.88 PSU. Metabolic responses, including LD, TG, and GLU, exhibited a pattern of initial decline followed by an increase with increasing salinity. SOD activity was significantly higher in the 10 PSU group compared to the 30 and 35 PSU groups (P< 0.05), while T-AOC showed a “U”-shaped response to increasing salinity. GSH-Px activity decreased with salinity, especially at 35 PSU (P< 0.05), while MDA levels did not vary significantly (P > 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, E. tetradactylum belongs to euryhaline fish species, with optimal growth occurring at lower salinities(5-10PSU). High salinity (30–35 PSU) adversely affects growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms, highlighting the species’ sensitivity to elevated salinity. Beyond identifying species-specific sensitivity, this work provides actionable guidelines for optimizing aquaculture practices, reducing metabolic costs, and mitigating oxidative stress in captive-reared populations.
{"title":"Effects of salinity on growth, survival, tissue structure, osmoregulation, metabolism, and antioxidant capacity of Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)","authors":"Zongfa Chen, Weibin Liu, Anna Zheng, Minxuan Jin, Shunmei Huang, Lijuan Zhao, Shengliang Tang, Evodia Moses Mkulo, Linjuan Wang, Huijuan Zhang, Jingheng Lu, Happiness Moses Mwemi, Baogui Tang, Hui Zhou, Bei Wang, Jiansheng Huang, Zhongliang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1553114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1553114","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThis study investigates the effects of salinity on the growth, survival, tissue morphology, osmotic regulation, metabolism, and antioxidant responses of juvenile <jats:italic>Eleutheronema tetradactylum</jats:italic>.MethodsThe experiment was conducted under controlled aquaculture conditions with eight salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 PSU), each with three replicates (20 fish per replicate) in cylindrical tanks (500 L). Juveniles (mean total length: 16.43 ± 0.87 cm; mean body weight: 35.71 ± 1.067g) were exposed to the treatments for 30 days. Key measurements included plasma osmotic pressure, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) in the gills, assessed at 0, 1, 10, 20, and 30 days.ResultsSurvival rates, growth parameters, and histopathological changes in gill, intestinal, and kidney tissues were also evaluated. Additionally, plasma levels of lactic acid (LD), triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The results revealed that survival rates were significantly lower in the 0 PSU group compared to all other salinities (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Growth performance, including specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), and daily weight gain (DWG), was significantly reduced at high salinities (30 and 35 PSU) (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Histopathological alterations were observed in the gills, intestine, and kidneys, particularly in osmoregulatory tissues. Salinity also significantly affected NKA, plasma osmotic pressure, and ion concentrations. The isosmotic point for <jats:italic>E. tetradactylum</jats:italic> was determined to be approximately 10.88 PSU. Metabolic responses, including LD, TG, and GLU, exhibited a pattern of initial decline followed by an increase with increasing salinity. SOD activity was significantly higher in the 10 PSU group compared to the 30 and 35 PSU groups (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), while T-AOC showed a “U”-shaped response to increasing salinity. GSH-Px activity decreased with salinity, especially at 35 PSU (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0.05), while MDA levels did not vary significantly (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, <jats:italic>E. tetradactylum</jats:italic> belongs to euryhaline fish species, with optimal growth occurring at lower salinities(5-10PSU). High salinity (30–35 PSU) adversely affects growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms, highlighting the species’ sensitivity to elevated salinity. Beyond identifying species-specific sensitivity, this work provides actionable guidelines for optimizing aquaculture practices, reducing metabolic costs, and mitigating oxidative stress in captive-reared populations.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1481761
Xiao Liu, John P. Dunne, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Gregory C. Johnson
Trajectories of >1,600 virtual Argo profiling floats and their sampled variability in key ocean physical and biogeochemical variables are simulated using a 0.125° global ocean physical-biogeochemical model (NOAA GFDL’s MOM6-SIS2-COBALTv2) and an offline Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm. Virtual floats are deployed at 92 locations within 26-50°N, 114-132°W in the California Current System (CCS) during the summers and winters of 2008-2012 with varying sampling strategies adopted (e.g., floats are set to park and drift at different depths, and to profile at different intervals). The overall direction and spatial spreads of simulated float trajectories depend on the latitudes of deployment locations with the largest area and variability sampled by floats deployed in the central CCS. Floats drifting at shallower depths (200 m and 500 m) tend to sample larger variability associated with larger sampled area, while those drifting at 1000 m show the strongest association with eddy-like ocean features. Sensitivity experiments with varying sampling intervals suggest that spatiotemporal variability in float observables are adequately sampled with a typical 5-day or 10-day interval. Furthermore, simulated float trajectories and sampled variability are compared against 3 real float trajectories and along-track observations. Results suggest that the fidelity of both our model simulations and the prevalent Argo float sampling design are generally satisfactory in characterizing interior ocean biogeochemical variability. This study provides new insights to inform optimal float deployment planning, sampling strategies, and data interpretation.
{"title":"Simulating Argo float trajectories and along-track physical and biogeochemical variability in the California Current System","authors":"Xiao Liu, John P. Dunne, Elizabeth J. Drenkard, Gregory C. Johnson","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1481761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1481761","url":null,"abstract":"Trajectories of &gt;1,600 virtual Argo profiling floats and their sampled variability in key ocean physical and biogeochemical variables are simulated using a 0.125° global ocean physical-biogeochemical model (NOAA GFDL’s MOM6-SIS2-COBALTv2) and an offline Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm. Virtual floats are deployed at 92 locations within 26-50°N, 114-132°W in the California Current System (CCS) during the summers and winters of 2008-2012 with varying sampling strategies adopted (e.g., floats are set to park and drift at different depths, and to profile at different intervals). The overall direction and spatial spreads of simulated float trajectories depend on the latitudes of deployment locations with the largest area and variability sampled by floats deployed in the central CCS. Floats drifting at shallower depths (200 m and 500 m) tend to sample larger variability associated with larger sampled area, while those drifting at 1000 m show the strongest association with eddy-like ocean features. Sensitivity experiments with varying sampling intervals suggest that spatiotemporal variability in float observables are adequately sampled with a typical 5-day or 10-day interval. Furthermore, simulated float trajectories and sampled variability are compared against 3 real float trajectories and along-track observations. Results suggest that the fidelity of both our model simulations and the prevalent Argo float sampling design are generally satisfactory in characterizing interior ocean biogeochemical variability. This study provides new insights to inform optimal float deployment planning, sampling strategies, and data interpretation.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The South Shetland Islands, a critical area for primary productivity within the Southern Ocean, are significantly affected by global climate change. Seabirds and marine mammals, highly sensitive to ecological changes, are considered sentinel species within the ecosystem. Monitoring top predators and identifying Areas of Ecological Significance (AES) are essential for enhancing biodiversity conservation effectiveness and addressing future climate changes. This study employed the MaxEnt model and Zonation method to predict the distribution of suitable habitats and AES for 14 top predators in the South Shetland Islands under current and future climate scenarios. Key findings include: 1) The spatial distribution of top predators in the South Shetland Islands is predominantly influenced by bathymetry, mixed layer thickness (Mlotst), and sea ice concentration (SIC). 2) The highly suitable habitats for the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), and Light-mantled Albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata) are expected to decrease under various future scenarios. 3) The AES in the South Shetland Islands are predominantly concentrated along the southern coastal areas. 4) The AES on the western side of the islands are projected to undergo significant fluctuations, while those on the eastern side are likely to exhibit minor changes, with the central area remaining relatively stable.
{"title":"Predicted habitat and areas of ecological significance shifts of top predators in the South Shetland Islands under climate changes","authors":"Yufei Dai, Denghui Yan, Yu Liu, Mingding Zhong, Minhao Gao, Hao Cheng, Wenhong Deng, Fuxing Wu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1554232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1554232","url":null,"abstract":"The South Shetland Islands, a critical area for primary productivity within the Southern Ocean, are significantly affected by global climate change. Seabirds and marine mammals, highly sensitive to ecological changes, are considered sentinel species within the ecosystem. Monitoring top predators and identifying Areas of Ecological Significance (AES) are essential for enhancing biodiversity conservation effectiveness and addressing future climate changes. This study employed the MaxEnt model and Zonation method to predict the distribution of suitable habitats and AES for 14 top predators in the South Shetland Islands under current and future climate scenarios. Key findings include: 1) The spatial distribution of top predators in the South Shetland Islands is predominantly influenced by bathymetry, mixed layer thickness (Mlotst), and sea ice concentration (SIC). 2) The highly suitable habitats for the Gentoo Penguin (<jats:italic>Pygoscelis papua</jats:italic>), Humpback Whale (<jats:italic>Megaptera novaeangliae</jats:italic>), and Light-mantled Albatross (<jats:italic>Phoebetria palpebrata</jats:italic>) are expected to decrease under various future scenarios. 3) The AES in the South Shetland Islands are predominantly concentrated along the southern coastal areas. 4) The AES on the western side of the islands are projected to undergo significant fluctuations, while those on the eastern side are likely to exhibit minor changes, with the central area remaining relatively stable.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1553838
Marie Briguglio, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Glenn Abela, Enrico Nicola Armelloni
The topic of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) and related terminology has attracted considerable scholarly debate and inspired regulatory interventions across Europe. Yet little attention has been paid to the general public’s awareness or understanding of this term and its implications for marine policy. We employ a unique and representative data set (n=542) from the United Kingdom (UK) and examine (i) the extent to which the public is aware of the concept of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management, (ii) the demographic correlates of such awareness and understanding, and (iii) whether the public’s understanding converges with scientific notions and regulatory definitions. Our headline finding is that the vast majority of adults in the UK have never heard of EBFM. Participants who attempt to explain what they understood by EBFM associate it primarily with protecting the marine environment and safeguarding fish stocks. While this broadly conforms to scientific and regulatory notions, very few respondents mention socio-economic aspects, regulatory considerations, reliance on science/data or climatic issues. Examination of the correlates of awareness reveals that people who work in marine sectors, who fish more regularly, who have higher awareness of sustainability issues, and who are financially better off are more likely to have heard of EBFM. Among those who attempted a definition, older people were more likely to mention maintaining fish stocks, and people with higher marine education or whose family members worked in the marine sector, were more likely to mention regulatory aspects. Data and climate themes were less likely to be mentioned by those who had never heard of EBFM. Public support can be pivotal for successful implementation of fisheries management, but our findings suggest that there remains a significant gap to be addressed between scientific/regulatory notions and the public’s understanding of EBFM. In this regard, we offer some insights for communication of EBFM among the UK public.
{"title":"What do people make of “Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management”?","authors":"Marie Briguglio, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Glenn Abela, Enrico Nicola Armelloni","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1553838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1553838","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) and related terminology has attracted considerable scholarly debate and inspired regulatory interventions across Europe. Yet little attention has been paid to the general public’s awareness or understanding of this term and its implications for marine policy. We employ a unique and representative data set (n=542) from the United Kingdom (UK) and examine (i) the extent to which the public is aware of the concept of Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management, (ii) the demographic correlates of such awareness and understanding, and (iii) whether the public’s understanding converges with scientific notions and regulatory definitions. Our headline finding is that the vast majority of adults in the UK have never heard of EBFM. Participants who attempt to explain what they understood by EBFM associate it primarily with protecting the marine environment and safeguarding fish stocks. While this broadly conforms to scientific and regulatory notions, very few respondents mention socio-economic aspects, regulatory considerations, reliance on science/data or climatic issues. Examination of the correlates of awareness reveals that people who work in marine sectors, who fish more regularly, who have higher awareness of sustainability issues, and who are financially better off are more likely to have heard of EBFM. Among those who attempted a definition, older people were more likely to mention maintaining fish stocks, and people with higher marine education or whose family members worked in the marine sector, were more likely to mention regulatory aspects. Data and climate themes were less likely to be mentioned by those who had never heard of EBFM. Public support can be pivotal for successful implementation of fisheries management, but our findings suggest that there remains a significant gap to be addressed between scientific/regulatory notions and the public’s understanding of EBFM. In this regard, we offer some insights for communication of EBFM among the UK public.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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