Immunomodulatory potential of dietary soybean-derived saponins

IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae349
Cameron S White, Ryan N Dilger
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Abstract

Soybeans are widely recognized as a valuable crop, often included as a high-quality protein source in production animal diets. In addition to contributing to the macronutrient composition of the diet, soybeans also contain many minor bioactive components which can influence the health and growth of animals. This review examined the immunomodulatory potential of soy saponins and their specific effects on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Saponins are amphiphilic molecules, a property imparted by their polar carbohydrate chains that attach to a nonpolar aglycone backbone. This structure also complicates their isolation, thus most research investigating soy saponins has been performed in models that only require small amounts of isolated material. Many experiments conducted in vitro or in rodents reported that saponins can reduce damage, particularly in conditions where a challenge was first introduced to stimulate inflammation or oxidative stress. It appears that saponins can exert their anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the NF-κB pathway, reducing its activation and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules later in the cascade. Furthermore, soy saponins can influence levels of important antioxidative enzymes and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus attenuating levels of oxidative stress in the model. As these results were obtained from experiments done in vitro or in rodents, they neglect to provide a good representation of how soy saponins may affect some of the greatest consumers of soy-based products, with those being production animals. The work that has been done seems to indicate that soy saponins may exert similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in production animals as those observed in other research models along with immunostimulatory activity that may help boost host defense systems. Overall, there is a dearth of research regarding the effects of soy saponins on species that commonly consume soy products, which begins by developing more effective methods of saponin extraction.
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膳食大豆皂甙的免疫调节潜力
大豆被广泛认为是一种有价值的作物,经常作为优质蛋白质来源被纳入生产动物的日粮中。除了为日粮提供宏量营养成分外,大豆还含有许多次要的生物活性成分,可影响动物的健康和生长。本综述研究了大豆皂苷的免疫调节潜力及其对炎症反应、氧化应激和肠道屏障功能的具体影响。皂苷是两亲性分子,其极性碳水化合物链附着在非极性的苷元骨架上,因而具有两亲性。这种结构也使它们的分离变得复杂,因此大多数研究都是在只需要少量分离材料的模型中对大豆皂苷进行研究。许多在体外或啮齿类动物身上进行的实验都报告说,皂苷可以减少损伤,特别是在首先引入挑战以刺激炎症或氧化应激的情况下。皂素似乎可以通过调节 NF-κB 通路来发挥抗炎作用,减少其激活和在级联后期释放促炎分子。此外,大豆皂甙还能影响重要抗氧化酶的水平,减少活性氧的生成,从而减轻模型中的氧化应激水平。由于这些结果是从体外或啮齿动物实验中获得的,因此它们并不能很好地反映大豆皂苷可能会如何影响一些大豆制品的最大消费者,即生产动物。已经完成的工作似乎表明,大豆皂甙可能会在生产动物体内产生与在其他研究模型中观察到的类似的抗炎和抗氧化作用,以及有助于增强宿主防御系统的免疫刺激活性。总之,有关大豆皂苷对常食用大豆产品的物种的影响的研究还很缺乏,首先要开发更有效的皂苷提取方法。
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来源期刊
Journal of animal science
Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
12.10%
发文量
1589
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.
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