Egg-laying is an important trait in chickens, and it is affected by many factors, such as hormones regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and precursors synthesized by the liver. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota was associated with egg-laying, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We comprehensively analyzed the host transcriptome, gut microbiota and metabolome in broiler breeder hens during the pre-laying, peak-laying and late-laying periods. The transcriptome analysis of the tissues related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-liver (HPL) axis revealed dynamic gene expression during egg-laying periods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (i.e., PENK, NPY, AVP, PRL, RLN3, and FST) from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland were involved in female gonadal development, hormone secretion, response to endogenous stimulus, liver development, and amide metabolism. In liver, DEGs (i.e., FABP3, VTG1, LPL, APOA5, APOV1, and RBP5) were enriched in efferocytosis, sphingolipid metabolism, amide and peptide biosynthesis. Alpha and beta diversity changed significantly in cecum microbiota during different laying periods. The abundance of Firmicutes was decreased and the abundance of Bacteroidota was increased during the peak-laying period. Functional analysis showed that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids, purine, and steroid hormones were altered during laying. The metabolome analysis from cecal contents showed that amino acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis changed during laying. Integrated analysis of the cecal microbiota and metabolites showed the genus Megasphaera was involved in amino acid metabolism, which included 3-phenyllatic acid, quinic acid, caffeic acid, and folic acid, and the genus Hungatella participated in steroid hormone biosynthesis through its strong correlation with estradiol. These results explored the dynamic changes in tissues related to the HPL axis and cecal microbiota, and provided new insights into the interaction between the host and microbiota during egg-laying in chickens.
{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals associations between host gene expression, gut microbiota and metabolites in chickens.","authors":"Kai Shi, Xiangping Liu, Ying Duan, Jiqiang Ding, Yimin Jia, Ziqin Jiang, Chungang Feng","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Egg-laying is an important trait in chickens, and it is affected by many factors, such as hormones regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and precursors synthesized by the liver. Recent studies showed that gut microbiota was associated with egg-laying, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We comprehensively analyzed the host transcriptome, gut microbiota and metabolome in broiler breeder hens during the pre-laying, peak-laying and late-laying periods. The transcriptome analysis of the tissues related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-liver (HPL) axis revealed dynamic gene expression during egg-laying periods. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (i.e., PENK, NPY, AVP, PRL, RLN3, and FST) from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland were involved in female gonadal development, hormone secretion, response to endogenous stimulus, liver development, and amide metabolism. In liver, DEGs (i.e., FABP3, VTG1, LPL, APOA5, APOV1, and RBP5) were enriched in efferocytosis, sphingolipid metabolism, amide and peptide biosynthesis. Alpha and beta diversity changed significantly in cecum microbiota during different laying periods. The abundance of Firmicutes was decreased and the abundance of Bacteroidota was increased during the peak-laying period. Functional analysis showed that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids, purine, and steroid hormones were altered during laying. The metabolome analysis from cecal contents showed that amino acid metabolism and steroid hormone biosynthesis changed during laying. Integrated analysis of the cecal microbiota and metabolites showed the genus Megasphaera was involved in amino acid metabolism, which included 3-phenyllatic acid, quinic acid, caffeic acid, and folic acid, and the genus Hungatella participated in steroid hormone biosynthesis through its strong correlation with estradiol. These results explored the dynamic changes in tissues related to the HPL axis and cecal microbiota, and provided new insights into the interaction between the host and microbiota during egg-laying in chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the effect of feed intake levels on the development of intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets. Sixty-four 35-day-old healthy weaned piglets ([Large White × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial weight (6.93 ± 0.12 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (100%, 80%, 40%, and 20% feed intake) with eight replicates of two pigs each. Samples were collected on days 3 and 7. The results revealed that with an increase in feed restriction degree and time, the body weight and organ index of piglets significantly decreased, and the villus height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum also decreased linearly (P < 0.05). After three days of feed restriction, jejunal ki67, endocrine cells, goblet cells, and villus endocrine/villus height all decreased linearly, but the villus cup/villus height ratio increased linearly, and the 40% and 20% were significantly higher than those of the 100% and 80% (P < 0.05). There was also a linear decrease in jejunal ki67, endocrine cells, goblet cells, and villous endocrine/villus height in piglets fed 7 days of food restriction; however, the villus goblet cells/villus height ratio in the 20% was significantly higher than that in the 40% group and was not different from that in the 80% (P < 0.05). During three days of feed restriction, the expression of jejunal differentiation marker genes showed a linear decreasing trend (P < 0.05), but increased linearly after seven days of feed restriction. The expression levels of interleukin17 (IL-17) and IL-22 also increased linearly (P < 0.05). KEGG and GSEA analyses indicated that the PPAR signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation were significantly enriched in these processes. RT-QPCR demonstrated that both PPAR and ECM-receptor interactions were significantly activated during seven days of feeding restriction (P < 0.05). The results showed that with an increase in feed restriction intensity and time, the intestinal morphology and epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly reduced, except for the goblet cells. This phenomenon is related to the regulation of intestinal differentiation by IL-17 and IL-22 secreted by the Th cells.
{"title":"Impact of different feed intake levels on intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets.","authors":"Xin Wang, Lanmei Yin, Chunchun Geng, Jiaqi Zhang, Jianzhong Li, Pengfei Huang, Yali Li, Qiye Wang, Huansheng Yang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of feed intake levels on the development of intestinal morphology and epithelial cell differentiation in piglets. Sixty-four 35-day-old healthy weaned piglets ([Large White × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial weight (6.93 ± 0.12 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (100%, 80%, 40%, and 20% feed intake) with eight replicates of two pigs each. Samples were collected on days 3 and 7. The results revealed that with an increase in feed restriction degree and time, the body weight and organ index of piglets significantly decreased, and the villus height and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum also decreased linearly (P < 0.05). After three days of feed restriction, jejunal ki67, endocrine cells, goblet cells, and villus endocrine/villus height all decreased linearly, but the villus cup/villus height ratio increased linearly, and the 40% and 20% were significantly higher than those of the 100% and 80% (P < 0.05). There was also a linear decrease in jejunal ki67, endocrine cells, goblet cells, and villous endocrine/villus height in piglets fed 7 days of food restriction; however, the villus goblet cells/villus height ratio in the 20% was significantly higher than that in the 40% group and was not different from that in the 80% (P < 0.05). During three days of feed restriction, the expression of jejunal differentiation marker genes showed a linear decreasing trend (P < 0.05), but increased linearly after seven days of feed restriction. The expression levels of interleukin17 (IL-17) and IL-22 also increased linearly (P < 0.05). KEGG and GSEA analyses indicated that the PPAR signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation were significantly enriched in these processes. RT-QPCR demonstrated that both PPAR and ECM-receptor interactions were significantly activated during seven days of feeding restriction (P < 0.05). The results showed that with an increase in feed restriction intensity and time, the intestinal morphology and epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly reduced, except for the goblet cells. This phenomenon is related to the regulation of intestinal differentiation by IL-17 and IL-22 secreted by the Th cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazi Sarjana Safain, Matthew S Crouse, Jessica G Syring, Yssi L Entzie, Layla E King, Mara R Hirchert, Alison K Ward, Lawrence P Reynolds, Pawel P Borowicz, Carl R Dahlen, Kendall C Swanson, Joel S Caton
Maternal nutrition is pivotal for proper fetal development, with one-carbon metabolites (OCM) playing a key role in fetal epigenetic programming through DNA and histone methylation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and OCM supplementation on fetal liver metabolomics in pregnant beef-heifers, focusing on metabolites and pathways associated with amino-acid, vitamin and cofactor, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism at day 63 of gestation. Thirty-one crossbred Angus heifers were artificially inseminated and allocated to four nutritional treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the two factors being dietary intake/rate of gain (control-diet [CON]; 0.60 kg/day ADG, vs. restricted-diet [RES]; -0.23 kg/day ADG) and OCM supplementation (supplemented [+OCM] vs. not supplemented [-OCM]). The resulting treatment groups-CON-OCM, CON+OCM, RES-OCM, and RES+OCM were maintained for 63 days post-breeding. Following this period, fetal liver tissues were collected and subjected to metabolomic analysis using UPLC-tandem mass-spectrometry. We identified 288 metabolites, with the majority (n = 54) being significantly influenced by the main effect of gain (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RES showed decreased abundances of most metabolites in pathways such as lysine metabolism; leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism, compared to CON. Supplementation with OCM vs. no OCM supplementation, resulted in greater abundance of metabolites (P ≤ 0.05) affecting pathways associated with methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and taurine metabolism; guanidino and acetamido metabolism; and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Notably, OCM supplementation with a moderate rate of gain increased the concentrations of ophthalmate, N-acetylglucosamine, and ascorbic-acid 3-sulfate, which are important for proper fetal development (P ≤ 0.05). Nutrient restriction reduced the majority of liver metabolites, while OCM supplementation increased a smaller number of metabolites. Thus, OCM supplementation may be protective of metabolite concentrations in key developmental pathways, which could potentially enhance fetal development under nutrient-restricted conditions.
{"title":"One-Carbon Metabolites Supplementation and Nutrient Restriction Alter the Fetal Liver Metabolomic Profile during Early Gestation in Beef Heifers.","authors":"Kazi Sarjana Safain, Matthew S Crouse, Jessica G Syring, Yssi L Entzie, Layla E King, Mara R Hirchert, Alison K Ward, Lawrence P Reynolds, Pawel P Borowicz, Carl R Dahlen, Kendall C Swanson, Joel S Caton","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal nutrition is pivotal for proper fetal development, with one-carbon metabolites (OCM) playing a key role in fetal epigenetic programming through DNA and histone methylation. The study aimed to investigate the effects of nutrient restriction and OCM supplementation on fetal liver metabolomics in pregnant beef-heifers, focusing on metabolites and pathways associated with amino-acid, vitamin and cofactor, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism at day 63 of gestation. Thirty-one crossbred Angus heifers were artificially inseminated and allocated to four nutritional treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with the two factors being dietary intake/rate of gain (control-diet [CON]; 0.60 kg/day ADG, vs. restricted-diet [RES]; -0.23 kg/day ADG) and OCM supplementation (supplemented [+OCM] vs. not supplemented [-OCM]). The resulting treatment groups-CON-OCM, CON+OCM, RES-OCM, and RES+OCM were maintained for 63 days post-breeding. Following this period, fetal liver tissues were collected and subjected to metabolomic analysis using UPLC-tandem mass-spectrometry. We identified 288 metabolites, with the majority (n = 54) being significantly influenced by the main effect of gain (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RES showed decreased abundances of most metabolites in pathways such as lysine metabolism; leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism; and tryptophan metabolism, compared to CON. Supplementation with OCM vs. no OCM supplementation, resulted in greater abundance of metabolites (P ≤ 0.05) affecting pathways associated with methionine, cysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and taurine metabolism; guanidino and acetamido metabolism; and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Notably, OCM supplementation with a moderate rate of gain increased the concentrations of ophthalmate, N-acetylglucosamine, and ascorbic-acid 3-sulfate, which are important for proper fetal development (P ≤ 0.05). Nutrient restriction reduced the majority of liver metabolites, while OCM supplementation increased a smaller number of metabolites. Thus, OCM supplementation may be protective of metabolite concentrations in key developmental pathways, which could potentially enhance fetal development under nutrient-restricted conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research. A total of 7,683 publications were screened, yet only 151 were included in the review after exclusion criteria were applied, with the majority (n = 87) of these studies conducted in pigs. In both species, antinutritional factors and carbohydrates, like stachyose and raffinose, were the most frequently studied categories of bioactive components. For both categories, most publications were evaluating ways to decrease the prevalence of the examined components in soy products, especially when fed at earlier ages. Overall, most studies evaluated the effect of the bioactive component on performance-related outcomes (n = 137), followed by microbial analysis (n = 38) and intestinal structure and integrity measures (n = 37). As they were analyzed in the majority of publications, antinutritional factors were also the most frequently investigated category in relation to each specific outcome. This trend did not hold true for microbiota- or antioxidant-associated outcomes, which were most often studied with carbohydrates or polyphenols, respectively. Changes to the host microbiota have the potential to modulate the immune system, feed intake, and social behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, though few publications measured behavior and brain characteristics as an outcome. Other identified gaps in research included the study of soy saponins, as most research focused on saponins derived from other plants, the study of phytosterols outside of their role in cardiovascular or reproductive outcomes, and the general examination of bioactive peptides. Overall, given soy's popularity as a current constituent of animal feed, additional research into these bioactive components may serve to define the value of soy products through their potential ability to support the productivity, health, and well-being of animals.
{"title":"A review on the effect of soy bioactive components on growth and health outcomes in pigs and broiler chickens.","authors":"Cameron S White, Laney E Froebel, Ryan N Dilger","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While soy products have long been included in animal diets for their macronutrient fractions, more recent work has focused on the immunomodulatory potential of bioactive components of this feedstuff. This comprehensive review aims to identify the current state of knowledge on minor soy fractions and their impact on the health and growth of pigs and broiler chickens to better direct future research. A total of 7,683 publications were screened, yet only 151 were included in the review after exclusion criteria were applied, with the majority (n = 87) of these studies conducted in pigs. In both species, antinutritional factors and carbohydrates, like stachyose and raffinose, were the most frequently studied categories of bioactive components. For both categories, most publications were evaluating ways to decrease the prevalence of the examined components in soy products, especially when fed at earlier ages. Overall, most studies evaluated the effect of the bioactive component on performance-related outcomes (n = 137), followed by microbial analysis (n = 38) and intestinal structure and integrity measures (n = 37). As they were analyzed in the majority of publications, antinutritional factors were also the most frequently investigated category in relation to each specific outcome. This trend did not hold true for microbiota- or antioxidant-associated outcomes, which were most often studied with carbohydrates or polyphenols, respectively. Changes to the host microbiota have the potential to modulate the immune system, feed intake, and social behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, though few publications measured behavior and brain characteristics as an outcome. Other identified gaps in research included the study of soy saponins, as most research focused on saponins derived from other plants, the study of phytosterols outside of their role in cardiovascular or reproductive outcomes, and the general examination of bioactive peptides. Overall, given soy's popularity as a current constituent of animal feed, additional research into these bioactive components may serve to define the value of soy products through their potential ability to support the productivity, health, and well-being of animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luying Cui, Fangling Zheng, Min Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Xia Meng, Junsheng Dong, Kangjun Liu, Long Guo, Heng Wang, Jianji Li
Stress and infection seriously threaten the reproductive performance and health of dairy cows. Various perinatal stresses increase plasma cortisol concentrations in cows, and chronically high cortisol levels may increase the incidence and severity of the uterine diseases. Selenium (Se) enhances antioxidant capacity of cows. The aim of this study was to explore how Se affects the oxidative stress of primary bovine endometrial stromal cells (BESC) with high cortisol background. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured using flow cytometry and assay kits. The changes in nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway were detected by Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. The result showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased (P < 0.01) ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced (P <0.01) superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, provoking BESC oxidative stress. The elevated levels of cortisol resulted in the accumulation (P < 0.05) of ROS and MDA and inhibition (P < 0.05) of SOD in unstimulated BESC, but demonstrated an antioxidative effect in LPS-stimulated cells. Pretreatment with Se reduced (P < 0.01) the levels of ROS and MDA, while increasing (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacities and the relative abundance of gene transcripts and proteins related to the Nrf2 pathway in BESC. This antioxidant effect was more pronounced in the presence of high cortisol level. Se alleviated the LPS-induced cellular oxidative stress, which is probably achieved through activating Nrf2 pathway. At high cortisol levels, Se supplement has a more significant protective effect on BESC oxidative stress. This study provided evidence for the protective role of Se in bovine endometrial oxidative damage of stressed animals and suggested the potential regulatory mechanism in vitro.
{"title":"Selenium suppressed the LPS-induced oxidative stress of bovine endometrial stromal cells through Nrf2 pathway with high cortisol background.","authors":"Luying Cui, Fangling Zheng, Min Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Xia Meng, Junsheng Dong, Kangjun Liu, Long Guo, Heng Wang, Jianji Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress and infection seriously threaten the reproductive performance and health of dairy cows. Various perinatal stresses increase plasma cortisol concentrations in cows, and chronically high cortisol levels may increase the incidence and severity of the uterine diseases. Selenium (Se) enhances antioxidant capacity of cows. The aim of this study was to explore how Se affects the oxidative stress of primary bovine endometrial stromal cells (BESC) with high cortisol background. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured using flow cytometry and assay kits. The changes in nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway were detected by Western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. The result showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased (P < 0.01) ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduced (P <0.01) superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration, provoking BESC oxidative stress. The elevated levels of cortisol resulted in the accumulation (P < 0.05) of ROS and MDA and inhibition (P < 0.05) of SOD in unstimulated BESC, but demonstrated an antioxidative effect in LPS-stimulated cells. Pretreatment with Se reduced (P < 0.01) the levels of ROS and MDA, while increasing (P < 0.05) the antioxidant capacities and the relative abundance of gene transcripts and proteins related to the Nrf2 pathway in BESC. This antioxidant effect was more pronounced in the presence of high cortisol level. Se alleviated the LPS-induced cellular oxidative stress, which is probably achieved through activating Nrf2 pathway. At high cortisol levels, Se supplement has a more significant protective effect on BESC oxidative stress. This study provided evidence for the protective role of Se in bovine endometrial oxidative damage of stressed animals and suggested the potential regulatory mechanism in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanjaya Mijar, Frank van der Meer, Abigail Hodder, Ed Pajor, Karin Orsel
Stress during the transition of beef steers from ranch to feedlot may depend on steer source and preconditioning. The interplay between physiological and behavioural patterns of preconditioned (PC) and auction-derived (AD) steers, particularly after commingling, is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether hair cortisol (HC) concentrations were related to the health and performance of PC and AD steers and study behavioural activities after commingling over six weeks in a feedlot. Steers, sourced either from ranch (PC, n = 250) or local auction (AD, n = 250), were assigned into 1 of 5 pens, 100% PC (100PC); 75% PC 25% AD (75PC); 50% PC 50% AD (50PC); 25% PC 75% AD (25PC), and 100% AD (0PC), each pen containing 100 steers. Pen was the experimental unit and individual steers were the observational unit where physiological and behavioural changes were measured. The study subsampled 225 steers (PC = 113 and AD = 112) which were equipped with CowManager ear tags to record behavious. On day 40, hair samples from each steer were collected by clipping hair close to the skin. Data were analyzed using multiple linear, logistic regression, or multilevel negative binomial regression models depending on the outcomes. There was no difference in HC concentrations (Day 40) between PC and AD steers (P = 0.66), and no association with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)-related morbidity (P = 0.08) or average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.44). After adjusting for source and commingling effects, HC concentrations did not affect time spent eating (P = 0.83), ruminating (P = 0.20), active (P = 0.89), or non-active (P = 0.32). PC steers spent more time eating and ruminating over Weeks 1 to 4 (P < 0.01) and Weeks 1 to 3 respectively (P < 0.05), and more time being active over Weeks 1 and 2 compared to AD steers (P < 0.001), but less time being non-active than AD steers on Weeks 1 to 3 (P < 0.001). Steers in 100PC and 50PC pens spent more time eating than steers in 0PC (P < 0.001), whereas steers in 25PC spent less time eating than steers in 0PC (P < 0.001). Steers in 0PC spent the most time being not active (P < 0.01). In conclusion, preconditioned steers spent more time eating, ruminating, and being active and less time being not active over the first three weeks in the feedlot, regardless of commingling. The HC concentrations did not identify potentially lower stress related to ranch transfer and were neither associated with BRD-related morbidity nor ADG.
肉牛从牧场到饲养场过渡期间的压力可能取决于肉牛来源和预处理。对于预处理(PC)和拍卖来源(AD)母牛的生理和行为模式之间的相互作用,尤其是在混合后的相互作用,人们还知之甚少。我们的目的是评估毛皮质醇(HC)浓度是否与 PC 和 AD 牛的健康和表现有关,并研究在饲养场混合饲养六周后的行为活动。来自牧场(PC,n = 250)或当地拍卖会(AD,n = 250)的阉牛被分配到 5 个栏中的 1 个,即 100% PC 栏(100PC)、75% PC 25% AD 栏(75PC)、50% PC 50% AD 栏(50PC)、25% PC 75% AD 栏(25PC)和 100% AD 栏(0PC),每个栏包含 100 头阉牛。牛栏是实验单位,个体是观察单位,对生理和行为变化进行测量。研究对 225 头小母牛(PC=113 头,AD=112 头)进行了取样,这些小母牛都配备了 CowManager 耳标以记录行为。在第 40 天,通过剪取贴近皮肤的毛发收集每头牛的毛发样本。根据不同的结果,采用多元线性、逻辑回归或多级负二叉回归模型对数据进行分析。PC 和 AD 牛的 HC 浓度(第 40 天)没有差异(P = 0.66),与牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)相关发病率(P = 0.08)或平均日增重(ADG)(P = 0.44)也没有关联。在对来源和混合效应进行调整后,HC 浓度不会影响进食时间(P = 0.83)、反刍时间(P = 0.20)、活动时间(P = 0.89)或非活动时间(P = 0.32)。在第 1 至第 4 周(P < 0.01)和第 1 至第 3 周(P < 0.05),PC 种母牛的进食和反刍时间分别比 AD 种母牛多,在第 1 和第 2 周,PC 种母牛的活动时间比 AD 种母牛多(P < 0.001),但在第 1 至第 3 周,PC 种母牛的非活动时间比 AD 种母牛少(P < 0.001)。100PC 和 50PC 圈舍中的母牛比 0PC 圈舍中的母牛花费更多的时间进食(P & lt; 0.001),而 25PC 圈舍中的母牛比 0PC 圈舍中的母牛花费更少的时间进食(P & lt; 0.001)。0PC 中的母牛不活动的时间最多(P & lt; 0.01)。总之,在饲养场的头三周内,无论是否混合饲养,预调条件下的母牛进食、反刍和活动的时间更多,而不活动的时间更少。HC浓度并不能确定与牧场转移相关的潜在较低应激,也与BRD相关发病率和ADG无关。
{"title":"Behavioural activity patterns but not hair cortisol concentrations explain steers’ transition-related stress in the first six weeks in the feedlot","authors":"Sanjaya Mijar, Frank van der Meer, Abigail Hodder, Ed Pajor, Karin Orsel","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae236","url":null,"abstract":"Stress during the transition of beef steers from ranch to feedlot may depend on steer source and preconditioning. The interplay between physiological and behavioural patterns of preconditioned (PC) and auction-derived (AD) steers, particularly after commingling, is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether hair cortisol (HC) concentrations were related to the health and performance of PC and AD steers and study behavioural activities after commingling over six weeks in a feedlot. Steers, sourced either from ranch (PC, n = 250) or local auction (AD, n = 250), were assigned into 1 of 5 pens, 100% PC (100PC); 75% PC 25% AD (75PC); 50% PC 50% AD (50PC); 25% PC 75% AD (25PC), and 100% AD (0PC), each pen containing 100 steers. Pen was the experimental unit and individual steers were the observational unit where physiological and behavioural changes were measured. The study subsampled 225 steers (PC = 113 and AD = 112) which were equipped with CowManager ear tags to record behavious. On day 40, hair samples from each steer were collected by clipping hair close to the skin. Data were analyzed using multiple linear, logistic regression, or multilevel negative binomial regression models depending on the outcomes. There was no difference in HC concentrations (Day 40) between PC and AD steers (P = 0.66), and no association with Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD)-related morbidity (P = 0.08) or average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.44). After adjusting for source and commingling effects, HC concentrations did not affect time spent eating (P = 0.83), ruminating (P = 0.20), active (P = 0.89), or non-active (P = 0.32). PC steers spent more time eating and ruminating over Weeks 1 to 4 (P &lt; 0.01) and Weeks 1 to 3 respectively (P &lt; 0.05), and more time being active over Weeks 1 and 2 compared to AD steers (P &lt; 0.001), but less time being non-active than AD steers on Weeks 1 to 3 (P &lt; 0.001). Steers in 100PC and 50PC pens spent more time eating than steers in 0PC (P &lt; 0.001), whereas steers in 25PC spent less time eating than steers in 0PC (P &lt; 0.001). Steers in 0PC spent the most time being not active (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, preconditioned steers spent more time eating, ruminating, and being active and less time being not active over the first three weeks in the feedlot, regardless of commingling. The HC concentrations did not identify potentially lower stress related to ranch transfer and were neither associated with BRD-related morbidity nor ADG.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chicken meal, shrimp meal, blood meal, and soybean protein concentrate (SPC) are common alternatives to fishmeal. This study used them to prepare three diets with different levels of fishmeal (FM48, FM40, FM32) for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results found no significant difference in the growth performance of largemouth bass fed different diets. Mixed protein increased the total cholesterol (T-CHO) content in plasma, and reduced the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in plasma and liver. Targeted metabolomics analysis found that the low fishmeal diets affected the cholesterol and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass. Mixed protein inhibited cyp7a1 and enhanced hmgcr and pparγ mRNA levels, as well as enhanced the expression levels of FXR in the liver. The fish fed FM32 diet showed inhibited fxr, rxrα and cyp7a1 mRNA levels in the intestine. The results of TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that mixed protein induced apoptosis in largemouth bass. The caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA levels in the fish fed FM40 and FM32 diet significantly increased, as well as the expression levels of CASPASE 3. The experiment also found that it could induce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, replacement of fishmeal with mixed animal and plant protein diets did not affect the growth performance, but the health and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass was affected when the fishmeal level was reduced to 32 %.
{"title":"A mixed animal and plant protein source replacing fishmeal affects bile acid metabolism and apoptosis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Liutong Chen, Yu Qi, Menglin Shi, Kangyuan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae249","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken meal, shrimp meal, blood meal, and soybean protein concentrate (SPC) are common alternatives to fishmeal. This study used them to prepare three diets with different levels of fishmeal (FM48, FM40, FM32) for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results found no significant difference in the growth performance of largemouth bass fed different diets. Mixed protein increased the total cholesterol (T-CHO) content in plasma, and reduced the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in plasma and liver. Targeted metabolomics analysis found that the low fishmeal diets affected the cholesterol and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass. Mixed protein inhibited cyp7a1 and enhanced hmgcr and pparγ mRNA levels, as well as enhanced the expression levels of FXR in the liver. The fish fed FM32 diet showed inhibited fxr, rxrα and cyp7a1 mRNA levels in the intestine. The results of TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that mixed protein induced apoptosis in largemouth bass. The caspase 3 and caspase 9 mRNA levels in the fish fed FM40 and FM32 diet significantly increased, as well as the expression levels of CASPASE 3. The experiment also found that it could induce oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In conclusion, replacement of fishmeal with mixed animal and plant protein diets did not affect the growth performance, but the health and bile acid metabolism of largemouth bass was affected when the fishmeal level was reduced to 32 %.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edith J Mayorga, Alyssa D Freestone, Tori E Rudolph, Melissa Roths, Megan A Abeyta, Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez, Brady M Goetz, Julie Opgenorth, Joshua T Selsby, Lance H Baumgard
Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of mitoquinol (MitoQ) on production parameters, gastrointestinal tract (GIT; stomach and small and large intestines) weight, and circulating leukocytes during a 24 h acute heat stress (HS) challenge. Crossbred gilts [n=32; 49.1±2.4 kg body weight (BW)] were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 environmental-therapeutic treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCON), 2) TN and MitoQ (n=8; TNMitoQ), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCON;), or 4) HS and MitoQ (n=8; HSMitoQ). Pigs were moved into individual pens and allowed to acclimate for 6 d. The study consisted of two experimental periods (P). During P1 (2 d), all pigs remained in TN conditions (20.6±1.5°C) and were fed ad libitum. During P2 (24 h), pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to either TN or constant HS (37.3±1.3°C). Mitoquinol (40 mg/d) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. As expected, pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate (+1.5°C, +8.7°C, and +86 breaths/min, respectively; P<0.01) compared to their TN counterparts. Compared to TN, HS pigs had decreased feed intake (67%; P<0.01) and significant BW loss (+1.5 vs. -1.9 kg, respectively; P<0.01). Total GIT weight was decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (P<0.01), and this was influenced by decreased luminal contents (2.43 vs. 3.26 kg, respectively; P<0.01) and reduced empty GIT mass (3.21 vs. 3.48 kg, respectively; P=0.03). Stomach contents remained similar between TN and HS pigs (P>0.54) but tended to increase in MitoQ relative to CON pigs (0.90 vs. 0.63 kg, respectively; P=0.08). Stomach content as a percentage of the previous 24 h feed intake was increased in HS compared to the TN controls (93 vs. 31%; P<0.01). In contrast, small and large intestinal contents were decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (23 and 49%, respectively; P<0.01). Liver weight decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (1.15 vs. 1.22 kg, respectively; P=0.02), and was decreased in MitoQ compared to CON pigs (1.13 vs. 1.24 kg; P<0.01). Circulating lymphocytes tended to be decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (16%; P=0.07). In summary, acute HS increased all body temperature indices, negatively influenced animal performance, and differentially altered GIT motility as evidenced by decreased gastric emptying and increased intestinal transit. However, MitoQ supplementation did not appear to ameliorate these effects.
{"title":"Therapeutic effects of mitoquinol during an acute heat stress challenge in growing gilts","authors":"Edith J Mayorga, Alyssa D Freestone, Tori E Rudolph, Melissa Roths, Megan A Abeyta, Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez, Brady M Goetz, Julie Opgenorth, Joshua T Selsby, Lance H Baumgard","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae250","url":null,"abstract":"Study objectives were to evaluate the effects of mitoquinol (MitoQ) on production parameters, gastrointestinal tract (GIT; stomach and small and large intestines) weight, and circulating leukocytes during a 24 h acute heat stress (HS) challenge. Crossbred gilts [n=32; 49.1±2.4 kg body weight (BW)] were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 environmental-therapeutic treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCON), 2) TN and MitoQ (n=8; TNMitoQ), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCON;), or 4) HS and MitoQ (n=8; HSMitoQ). Pigs were moved into individual pens and allowed to acclimate for 6 d. The study consisted of two experimental periods (P). During P1 (2 d), all pigs remained in TN conditions (20.6±1.5°C) and were fed ad libitum. During P2 (24 h), pigs were fed ad libitum and exposed to either TN or constant HS (37.3±1.3°C). Mitoquinol (40 mg/d) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. As expected, pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate (+1.5°C, +8.7°C, and +86 breaths/min, respectively; P&lt;0.01) compared to their TN counterparts. Compared to TN, HS pigs had decreased feed intake (67%; P&lt;0.01) and significant BW loss (+1.5 vs. -1.9 kg, respectively; P&lt;0.01). Total GIT weight was decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (P&lt;0.01), and this was influenced by decreased luminal contents (2.43 vs. 3.26 kg, respectively; P&lt;0.01) and reduced empty GIT mass (3.21 vs. 3.48 kg, respectively; P=0.03). Stomach contents remained similar between TN and HS pigs (P&gt;0.54) but tended to increase in MitoQ relative to CON pigs (0.90 vs. 0.63 kg, respectively; P=0.08). Stomach content as a percentage of the previous 24 h feed intake was increased in HS compared to the TN controls (93 vs. 31%; P&lt;0.01). In contrast, small and large intestinal contents were decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (23 and 49%, respectively; P&lt;0.01). Liver weight decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (1.15 vs. 1.22 kg, respectively; P=0.02), and was decreased in MitoQ compared to CON pigs (1.13 vs. 1.24 kg; P&lt;0.01). Circulating lymphocytes tended to be decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (16%; P=0.07). In summary, acute HS increased all body temperature indices, negatively influenced animal performance, and differentially altered GIT motility as evidenced by decreased gastric emptying and increased intestinal transit. However, MitoQ supplementation did not appear to ameliorate these effects.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Safdar, Faizul Hassan, Muhammad Sajjad Khan, Aneeb Hassan Khan, Yasmeen Junejo, Mehmet Ozaslan, Muhammad Asif Arain, Atique Ahmed Behan
This study investigates the potential phytochemicals that modulate bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways to enhance milk fat production in dairy animals. Bovine PPARγ, a key member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, plays a vital role in regulating metabolic, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory responses in livestock, while the MAPK pathway is contributory in cellular processes that impact milk fat synthesis. This approach involved an all-inclusive molecular docking analysis of 10,000 polyphenols to identify potential PPARγ ligands. From this extensive screening, top 10 compounds were selected that exhibited the highest binding affinities to bovine PPARγ. Particularly, Curcumin sulphate, Isoflavone and Quercetin emerged as the most promising candidates. These compounds demonstrated superior docking scores (-9.28 kcal/mol, -9.27 kcal/mol and -7.31 kcal/mol respectively) and lower RMSD values compared to the synthetic bovine PPARγ agonist, 2,4-Thiazolidinedione (−4.12 kcal/mol), indicating a strong potential for modulating the receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) further affirmed the stability of these polyphenols-bovine PPARγ complexes, suggesting their effective and sustained interactions. These polyphenols, known as fatty acid synthase inhibitors, are suggested to influence lipid metabolism pathways crucial to milk fat production, possibly through the downregulation of the MAPK pathway. The screened compounds showed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, including non-toxicity, carcinogenicity, and high gastrointestinal absorption, positioning them as viable candidates for enhancing dairy cattle health and milk production. These findings may open new possibilities for the use of phytochemicals as feed additives in dairy animals, suggesting a novel approach to improve milk fat synthesis through the dual modulation of bovine PPARγ and MAPK pathways.
{"title":"In silico analysis of polyphenols modulate bovine PPARγ to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle via the MAPK signalling pathways","authors":"Muhammad Safdar, Faizul Hassan, Muhammad Sajjad Khan, Aneeb Hassan Khan, Yasmeen Junejo, Mehmet Ozaslan, Muhammad Asif Arain, Atique Ahmed Behan","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae248","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the potential phytochemicals that modulate bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways to enhance milk fat production in dairy animals. Bovine PPARγ, a key member of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, plays a vital role in regulating metabolic, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory responses in livestock, while the MAPK pathway is contributory in cellular processes that impact milk fat synthesis. This approach involved an all-inclusive molecular docking analysis of 10,000 polyphenols to identify potential PPARγ ligands. From this extensive screening, top 10 compounds were selected that exhibited the highest binding affinities to bovine PPARγ. Particularly, Curcumin sulphate, Isoflavone and Quercetin emerged as the most promising candidates. These compounds demonstrated superior docking scores (-9.28 kcal/mol, -9.27 kcal/mol and -7.31 kcal/mol respectively) and lower RMSD values compared to the synthetic bovine PPARγ agonist, 2,4-Thiazolidinedione (−4.12 kcal/mol), indicating a strong potential for modulating the receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) further affirmed the stability of these polyphenols-bovine PPARγ complexes, suggesting their effective and sustained interactions. These polyphenols, known as fatty acid synthase inhibitors, are suggested to influence lipid metabolism pathways crucial to milk fat production, possibly through the downregulation of the MAPK pathway. The screened compounds showed favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, including non-toxicity, carcinogenicity, and high gastrointestinal absorption, positioning them as viable candidates for enhancing dairy cattle health and milk production. These findings may open new possibilities for the use of phytochemicals as feed additives in dairy animals, suggesting a novel approach to improve milk fat synthesis through the dual modulation of bovine PPARγ and MAPK pathways.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianming Jiang, Matheus Castilho Galvão, Lam P Thanh, Ahmad A Aboragah, John Mauck, Mateus P Gionbelli, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Joshua C McCann, Juan J Loor
Decreased intake is induced by stressors such as parturition, transportation, dietary transitions, and disease. An important function of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is to produce the antioxidant glutathione to help reduce oxidative stress. Although various components of OCM are expressed in the bovine rumen and small intestine, the relationship among reduced feed intake, one-carbon metabolism, and antioxidant mechanisms in gut tissues is unknown. This study aimed to assess alterations in immune and antioxidant pathways in ruminal epithelium due to acute feed restriction (FR). Seven group-housed ruminally-cannulated Angus steers (663 ± 73 kg body weight, 2-year old) had ad libitum access to a finishing diet (dry-rolled corn, corn silage, modified wet distiller’s grains) during 15 days of a pre-FR period (PRE). Subsequently, steers were moved to a metabolism barn with tie-stalls and individually-fed at 25% of estimated intake in PRE for 3 days (FR period, FRP). This was followed by 15-days of recovery (POST) during which steers had ad libitum access to the same diet as in PRE and FRP. Plasma and ruminal tissue biopsies were collected during each period. Plasma free fatty acid and IL1-β concentrations were higher (P ≤ 0.03) in FRP than PRE or POST. The mRNA abundance of the pro-inflammatory genes TNF, TLR2, and TLR4 in ruminal epithelium peaked (P < 0.05) at FRP and remained higher at POST. These responses agreed with the higher (P < 0.05) abundance of phosphorylated (p)-MAPK (an inflammation activator) and p-EEF2 (translational repressor) in FRP than PRE and POST. Although ruminal GPX enzyme activity did not increase at FRP compared with PRE and POST, protein abundance of GPX1 and GPX3 along with the antioxidant response regulator NFE2L2 were highest (P < 0.01) and the activity of cystathione-beta synthase tended (P = 0.06) to be highest during FR. Although FR had minimal negative effects on tissue integrity-related genes (only filamin A was downregulated), it led to a systemic inflammatory response and triggered inflammation and antioxidant mechanisms within ruminal epithelium. Thus, deploying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via molecules that feed into OCM (e.g., dietary methyl donors such as methionine, choline, betaine, folate) could potentially counteract the stressors associated with FR.
分娩、运输、饮食转换和疾病等应激因素会导致摄入量减少。一碳代谢(OCM)的一个重要功能是产生抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽,以帮助减少氧化应激。虽然 OCM 的各种成分在牛瘤胃和小肠中均有表达,但饲料摄入量减少、一碳代谢和肠道组织中抗氧化机制之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估急性饲料限制(FR)导致的瘤胃上皮细胞免疫和抗氧化途径的改变。七头分组饲养的反刍安格斯公牛(体重为 663 ± 73 千克,2 岁)在 15 天的预饲期(PRE)内自由采食精饲料(干轧玉米、玉米青贮、改良湿酒糟)。随后,母牛被转移到带有扎栏的新陈代谢牛舍,以 PRE 期估计采食量的 25% 单独饲喂 3 天(FR 期,FRP)。随后是 15 天的恢复期(POST),在此期间,母牛可自由采食与 PRE 和 FRP 期相同的日粮。每个阶段都收集血浆和瘤胃组织活检样本。FRP 期间血浆游离脂肪酸和 IL1-β 浓度高于 PRE 或 POST 期间(P ≤ 0.03)。瘤胃上皮细胞中促炎症基因 TNF、TLR2 和 TLR4 的 mRNA 丰度在 FRP 期达到峰值(P < 0.05),在 POST 期仍然较高。这些反应与 FRP 期间磷酸化 (p)-MAPK (炎症激活剂)和 p-EEF2(转译抑制剂)的丰度高于 PRE 和 POST 期间(P < 0.05)一致。虽然在 FRP 期间,瘤胃 GPX 酶活性与 PRE 和 POST 相比没有增加,但 GPX1 和 GPX3 以及抗氧化反应调节因子 NFE2L2 的蛋白质丰度在 FRP 期间最高(P < 0.01),胱硫醚-beta 合酶的活性在 FRP 期间趋于最高(P = 0.06)。虽然FR对组织完整性相关基因的负面影响很小(只有丝胶素A下调),但它会导致全身炎症反应,并引发瘤胃上皮细胞内的炎症和抗氧化机制。因此,通过进入 OCM 的分子(如蛋氨酸、胆碱、甜菜碱、叶酸等膳食甲基供体)来部署抗炎和抗氧化机制,有可能抵消与 FR 相关的压力因素。
{"title":"Short-term feed restriction induces inflammation and an antioxidant response via cystathionine-β-synthase and glutathione peroxidases in ruminal epithelium from Angus steers","authors":"Qianming Jiang, Matheus Castilho Galvão, Lam P Thanh, Ahmad A Aboragah, John Mauck, Mateus P Gionbelli, Ibrahim A Alhidary, Joshua C McCann, Juan J Loor","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae257","url":null,"abstract":"Decreased intake is induced by stressors such as parturition, transportation, dietary transitions, and disease. An important function of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is to produce the antioxidant glutathione to help reduce oxidative stress. Although various components of OCM are expressed in the bovine rumen and small intestine, the relationship among reduced feed intake, one-carbon metabolism, and antioxidant mechanisms in gut tissues is unknown. This study aimed to assess alterations in immune and antioxidant pathways in ruminal epithelium due to acute feed restriction (FR). Seven group-housed ruminally-cannulated Angus steers (663 ± 73 kg body weight, 2-year old) had ad libitum access to a finishing diet (dry-rolled corn, corn silage, modified wet distiller’s grains) during 15 days of a pre-FR period (PRE). Subsequently, steers were moved to a metabolism barn with tie-stalls and individually-fed at 25% of estimated intake in PRE for 3 days (FR period, FRP). This was followed by 15-days of recovery (POST) during which steers had ad libitum access to the same diet as in PRE and FRP. Plasma and ruminal tissue biopsies were collected during each period. Plasma free fatty acid and IL1-β concentrations were higher (P ≤ 0.03) in FRP than PRE or POST. The mRNA abundance of the pro-inflammatory genes TNF, TLR2, and TLR4 in ruminal epithelium peaked (P &lt; 0.05) at FRP and remained higher at POST. These responses agreed with the higher (P &lt; 0.05) abundance of phosphorylated (p)-MAPK (an inflammation activator) and p-EEF2 (translational repressor) in FRP than PRE and POST. Although ruminal GPX enzyme activity did not increase at FRP compared with PRE and POST, protein abundance of GPX1 and GPX3 along with the antioxidant response regulator NFE2L2 were highest (P &lt; 0.01) and the activity of cystathione-beta synthase tended (P = 0.06) to be highest during FR. Although FR had minimal negative effects on tissue integrity-related genes (only filamin A was downregulated), it led to a systemic inflammatory response and triggered inflammation and antioxidant mechanisms within ruminal epithelium. Thus, deploying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via molecules that feed into OCM (e.g., dietary methyl donors such as methionine, choline, betaine, folate) could potentially counteract the stressors associated with FR.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}