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Combining large broiler populations into a single genomic evaluation: Dealing with genetic divergence1.
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae360
Joe-Menwer Tabet, Fernando Bussiman, Vivian Breen, Ignacy Misztal, Daniela Lourenco

Combining breeding populations that have diverged at some point is a conventional practice, particularly in the poultry industry, where generation intervals are short and genetic evaluations should be frequently available. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of combining large, distantly genetically connected broiler populations into a single genomic evaluation within the single-step GBLUP framework. The pedigree data for broiler lines 1 and 2 consisted of 428,790 and 477,488 animals, being 156,088 and 186,387 genotyped, respectively. Phenotypic data for Body weight (kg), Carcass Yield (%), Mortality (1-2), and Feet Health (1-7) were collected for 397,974 animals in line 1 and 458,881 in line 2. A four-trait model was employed for the analyses, and genetic differences between the populations were addressed through different approaches: introducing an additional fixed effect accounting for the line of origin (M2) or making each fixed effect origin-specific (M3). Those models were compared against a conventional model (M1) that did not account for animal origin in the evaluation. Unknown parent groups (UPG) and Metafounders (MF) were fit to account for the genetic differences in M1, M2, and M3; they were set based on the animal's line of origin and sex. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion were used to assess the performances of the models using the Linear Regression method. Validations were performed separately within individual lines and collectively after combining the two lines to better assess the advantages of combining the two populations. Overall, the accuracy increased when the two populations were combined compared to the accuracies obtained from evaluating each line individually. Notably, there were no apparent differences among the models regarding accuracy and dispersion. Regarding bias, using models M2 or M3 with UPG yielding the least biased estimates in the combined evaluation. Thus, when combining different populations into a single genomic evaluation, accounting for the genetic and non-genetic differences among the lines ensures accurate and less biased predictions.

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引用次数: 0
Factors affecting the length of productive life in U.S. Katahdin ewes.
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae361
Luis F B Pinto, Ronald M Lewis, Artur O Rocha, Brad A Freking, Tom W Murphy, Carrie S Wilson, Sara M Nilson, Joan M Burke, Luiz F Brito

The length of ewe productive life (LPL), defined as the number of days between the first and last lambing, is a key indicator of ewe longevity and is directly related to the sustainability of the sheep industry. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate systematic effects influencing LPL in Katahdin sheep. The LPL of 10,474 Katahdin ewes (69.5% with uncensored and 30.5% with right-censored observations) born between 1992 and 2021 in 58 flocks located across the United States were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and Cox Proportional Hazard (Cox PH) methods were used to estimate survival probability. Four Cox PH models were evaluated. Model 1 included contemporary group (CG; flock-year-season of ewe birth) as a random effect and the ewe's dam's age (EDA), ewe's own birth-rearing type (BR; 1/1, 2/1, 2/2, 3/2, 3/3, with the digit-3 including lamb counts ≥3), and age at first lambing (AFL) as fixed effects. Models 2 to 4 were an extension of model 1. Model 2 also included average lamb birth weight (ABW) per ewe lifetime, while model 3 included average lamb weaning weight (AWW) per ewe lifetime. Both ABW and AWW were fitted as fixed effects. Model 4 fitted all previous effects together. The factors CG, BR, ABW, and AWW affected LPL (P < 0.05) in all models in which these effects were fitted. The EDA effect only influenced LPL (P < 0.05) in model 1, while AFL had no effect (P > 0.05) in any model. The median LPL ranged from approximately 2 to 3 yr, depending on the risk factors analyzed. In general, Katahdin ewes themselves born in multiple litters, and that produced lambs weighing ~5 kg at lambing and 20 to 25 kg at weaning (over their lifespan) had better survival probability. Although the LPL of Katahdin sheep is relatively low, it appears to be a consequence of voluntary culling due to its association with both ABW and AWW. Future studies should quantify the rate of involuntary culling in Katahdin ewes to identify whether longevity indicator traits should be included in more comprehensive breeding objectives.

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引用次数: 0
Effects of cashew nutshell extract inclusion into a high-grain finishing diet on methane emissions, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation in beef steers. 将腰果壳提取物加入高谷物育成日粮中对肉牛甲烷排放、养分消化率和瘤胃发酵的影响
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae359
Wilmer Cuervo, Camila Gomez, Federico Tarnonsky, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Federico Podversich, Araceli Maderal, Tessa M Schulmeister, Juan de J Vargas, Nicolas DiLorenzo

By 2050, the U.S. beef industry must produce an extra 40 million tons of beef to satisfy the global demand. Such an increase in inventory will undoubtedly enhance methane (CH4) production from livestock, which should be reduced by over 20%. The addition of plant secondary metabolites, such as anacardic acid present in cashew nutshell extract (CNSE), has shown promising results in reducing CH4 yield, although its effects seemed to be diet dependent. This study evaluated the addition of CNSE to a high-grain diet (85:15 Grain: forage) on in vivo CH4 emissions, nutrients digestibility, performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation parameters of beef steers. Sixteen Angus crossbred steers [599 ± 40 kg of bodyweight (BW)] and six ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (490 ± 51 kg of BW) were utilized in a crossover design with 2 experimental periods of 56 d each, composed by 14 d of adaptation, 35 d of measurement, and 7 d of washout. Following adaptation, steers were sorted by BW, and assigned to receive no additive (CON) or CNSE at 5 g/steer/d. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Inclusion of CNSE increased (P < 0.05) propionate concentration and molar proportion (MP; mol/100 mol), tended to decrease acetate MP (P = 0.10), reduced the acetate: propionate (A:P) ratio (P = 0.05), and MP of branched chain volatile fatty acids (P < 0.01). Neither in vitro organic matter digestibility nor in vitro CH4 yield were affected by CNSE inclusion (P > 0.05). Steers receiving CNSE exhibited greater (P < 0.05) final BW, dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain (ADG) but lesser (P < 0.05) in vivo CH4 emission rate (g/d), yield (g/kg of DMI), and intensity (g/kg of ADG). Meal length, bunk visit duration, and apparent total tract digestibility of DM increased (P < 0.05) after CNSE addition. Considering CNSE-supplemented steers spent more time in the feedbunk and exhibited higher DMI, CH4 mitigation was unlikely associated with intake reduction. The addition of CNSE to a high-grain diet in beef steers demonstrated significant improvements in animal performance and reduced CH4 emissions, as the result of shifts in ruminal fermentation patterns, favoring propionate instead acetate concentration, leading to a reduction in the A:P ratio. CNSE shows promise as a strategy to enhance beef industry sustainability.

到 2050 年,美国牛肉业必须多生产 4000 万吨牛肉才能满足全球需求。存栏量的增加无疑会提高牲畜的甲烷(CH4)产量,而甲烷产量应减少 20% 以上。添加植物次生代谢物(如腰果壳提取物(CNSE)中的无患子酸)在减少甲烷产量方面取得了可喜的成果,但其效果似乎取决于日粮。本研究评估了在高谷物日粮(谷物与饲料的比例为 85:15)中添加腰果壳提取物对肉牛体内甲烷排放量、营养物质消化率、生产性能、采食行为和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。16 头安格斯杂交母牛(体重为 599 ± 40 千克)和 6 头反刍插管杂交母牛(体重为 490 ± 51 千克)采用交叉设计,每个实验期为 56 天,包括 14 天适应期、35 天测量期和 7 天冲洗期。适应期结束后,按体重对阉牛进行分类,并将其分配为不添加添加剂(CON)或添加 5 克/阉牛/天的 CNSE。数据使用 SAS 的 MIXED 程序进行分析。添加 CNSE 会增加(P < 0.05)乙酸盐浓度和摩尔比例(MP;摩尔/100 摩尔),有降低乙酸盐 MP 的趋势(P = 0.10),降低乙酸盐:丙酸盐(A:P)比率(P = 0.05)和支链挥发性脂肪酸的 MP(P < 0.01)。体外有机物消化率和体外甲烷产量均不受 CNSE 添加量的影响(P > 0.05)。接受 CNSE 的陡坡牛最终体重、干物质摄入量 (DMI) 和平均日增重 (ADG) 较大(P < 0.05),但体内 CH4 排放率(克/天)、产量(克/千克 DMI)和强度(克/千克 ADG)较小(P < 0.05)。添加 CNSE 后,膳食长度、巡仓时间和 DM 的表观总消化率均有所增加(P < 0.05)。考虑到添加了 CNSE 的阉牛在饲槽中停留的时间更长,DMI 也更高,CH4 减排不太可能与采食量减少有关。在肉牛的高谷物日粮中添加 CNSE 可显著提高动物的生产性能并减少 CH4 排放,这是因为瘤胃发酵模式发生了变化,有利于丙酸盐而不是醋酸盐浓度,从而降低了 A:P 比值。CNSE有望成为提高牛肉业可持续性的一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Dog sniffing biomechanic responses in an odor detection test of odorants with differing physical properties 不同物理性质气味检测试验中狗嗅闻的生物力学反应
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae353
Lydia R Burnett, Nick R Hebdon, Pete A Stevens, Monica D Moljo, Lindsay D Waldrop, Lauryn E DeGreeff
Dogs are utilized in forensic science for their extensive scent detection capabilities. They are often considered the “gold standard” in field detection for targets such as illicit drugs and explosives. Despite their prevalence in the field, relatively little is known about how dogs interact with and transport volatile organic compounds through their olfactory system. In this study, two groups of dogs were utilized – Sport detection dogs (n=19) that participate in the National Association of Canine Scent Work and have achieved advanced standing through training and successful search competitions and law enforcement explosive detection dogs (n=8) which were included for comparison. Both groups were presented with two target odorants having differing molecular properties, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and ammonia, two non-target odorants, 1-bromooctane and methyl benzoate, and a negative control. Canines were tested prior to experience with the target odorants, when all odorants were novel, after some brief training with the target odorants, and after longer training time with the target odorants. The non-target odorants were never used in training. Sniffing was measured using flow sensors embedded in a wall immediately in front of the odorants held in a closed cylinder. Sensor data was used to calculate sniff flow rate, frequency (sniffs per seconds) and volume. Results indicated no difference in sniffing dynamics between target odorants; however, sniffing frequency increased significantly with increased experience with the target odorants (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test, W= 148, p=6×10-5). Sniff volume and flow rate showed a positive correlation to body mass for all sport detection dogs (slope = 2.71, F(1,17)= 9.48, p= 0.007, R2= 0.32), though the R2 was low, indicating other factors at play. Law enforcement detection dogs were shown to take in significantly higher mean total sniff volumes (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 7, p=10-4) and volume flow rates (Wilcoxon rank sum exact test: W= 5, p=6×10-5) compared to the sport detection dogs, but the sniff frequency remained similar for both groups.
法医学中使用警犬是因为它们具有广泛的气味探测能力。它们通常被认为是现场检测非法药物和爆炸物等目标的 "黄金标准"。尽管嗅探犬在野外工作中非常普遍,但人们对嗅探犬如何通过嗅觉系统与挥发性有机化合物相互作用并将其转移的了解却相对较少。在这项研究中,使用了两组狗--参加全国犬类嗅觉工作协会并通过训练和成功的搜索比赛获得高级资格的运动侦查犬(数量为 19 只)和执法爆炸物侦查犬(数量为 8 只)作为对比。两组犬都接受了分子性质不同的两种目标气味(2-乙基-1-己醇和氨)、两种非目标气味(1-溴辛烷和苯甲酸甲酯)和一种阴性对照。犬类在接触目标气味之前、所有气味都是新的时候、经过目标气味的短暂训练之后以及经过目标气味的较长时间训练之后接受测试。训练中从未使用过非目标气味。测量嗅觉的方法是使用嵌在紧靠封闭圆筒内气味剂前方墙壁上的流量传感器。传感器数据用于计算嗅闻流速、频率(每秒嗅闻次数)和嗅闻量。结果表明,不同目标气味剂之间的嗅闻动态没有差异;但是,嗅闻频率会随着目标气味剂使用经验的增加而显著增加(Wilcoxon 秩和精确检验,W= 148,p=6×10-5)。所有运动型侦查犬的嗅闻量和流速与体重呈正相关(斜率 = 2.71,F(1,17)= 9.48,p= 0.007,R2= 0.32),但 R2 较低,表明还有其他因素在起作用。与运动侦查犬相比,执法侦查犬吸入的平均总嗅探量(Wilcoxon 秩和精确检验:W= 7,p=10-4)和嗅探流量(Wilcoxon 秩和精确检验:W= 5,p=6×10-5)明显更高,但两组的嗅探频率仍然相似。
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引用次数: 0
Alternative polyadenylation landscape of longissimus dorsi muscle with high and low intramuscular fat content in cattle. 肌肉脂肪含量高和低的牛背长肌交替多聚腺苷酸结构图
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae357
Chenglong Li, Junjie Xu, Yanfeng Zhang, Yanling Ding, Xiaonan Zhou, Zonghua Su, Chang Qu, Jiahao Liang, Yurun Han, Dingxiang Wang, Yuangang Shi, Cong-Jun Li, George E Liu, Xiaolong Kang

Intramuscular fat content is one of the most important factors affecting beef quality. However, the role of alternate polyadenylation (APA) in intramuscular fat deposition remains unclear. We compared APA events in muscle samples from high and low intramuscular fat (IMF) cattle, based on RNA-seq data. A total of 363 significant APAs were identified. Notably, the number of shortened 3'UTR events exceeded the number of lengthened 3'UTR events, and genes associated with shortened 3'UTR events were enriched in fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. Most APA events had alternative 3'UTR (aUTR) lengths of 200-300 bp. As the 3'UTR lengthened, the aUTR also lengthened (R2 = 0.79). These findings indicate that genes with longer 3'UTRs are more likely to be regulated by APA in the muscle of cattle with high IMF. To determine whether the identified APA events drove alterations in the expression of fat deposition-related genes, we analyzed the relationship between APA events and differentially expressed genes and identified several genes critical for fat deposition (e.g., PFKL and SLC1A5). Since miRNAs usually bind to the 3'UTR region of protein-coding genes and affect gene expression, we constructed an miRNA-APA network to detect several key miRNAs that may regulate fat deposition. We identified 10 important miRNAs that affect changes in IMF content, which may be gained (gained miRNA-binding sites) or lost (lost miRNA-binding sites) owing to 187 differential APA events. Our study characterized the APA profiles of cattle with high and low intramuscular fat content and provided further insights into the relationship between APA, miRNA, and fat deposition.

肌肉内脂肪含量是影响牛肉品质的最重要因素之一。然而,交替多聚腺苷酸化(APA)在肌肉内脂肪沉积中的作用仍不清楚。我们根据 RNA-seq 数据比较了高肌内脂肪(IMF)牛和低肌内脂肪(IMF)牛肌肉样本中的 APA 事件。共发现了 363 个重要的 APA。值得注意的是,3'UTR缩短事件的数量超过了3'UTR延长事件的数量,与3'UTR缩短事件相关的基因富集在脂肪酸代谢相关通路中。大多数 APA 事件的备选 3'UTR (aUTR) 长度为 200-300 bp。随着 3'UTR 的延长,aUTR 也在延长(R2 = 0.79)。这些发现表明,在高IMF牛的肌肉中,3'UTR较长的基因更有可能受到APA的调控。为了确定已确定的 APA 事件是否驱动了脂肪沉积相关基因表达的改变,我们分析了 APA 事件与差异表达基因之间的关系,并确定了几个对脂肪沉积至关重要的基因(如 PFKL 和 SLC1A5)。由于miRNA通常结合到蛋白编码基因的3'UTR区域并影响基因表达,我们构建了一个miRNA-APA网络,以检测可能调控脂肪沉积的几个关键miRNA。我们发现了 10 个影响 IMF 含量变化的重要 miRNA,它们可能由于 187 个不同的 APA 事件而获得(获得 miRNA 结合位点)或失去(失去 miRNA 结合位点)。我们的研究描述了肌肉内脂肪含量高和低的牛的 APA 图谱,并进一步揭示了 APA、miRNA 和脂肪沉积之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of aged pork loin chops reveals molecular phenotypes linked to pork tenderness. 陈年猪里脊肉的蛋白质组和代谢组分析揭示了与猪肉嫩度相关的分子表型。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae355
Logan G Johnson, Chaoyu Zhai, Kenneth J Prusa, Mahesh N Nair, Jessica E Prenni, Jacqueline M Chaparro, Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan, Steven M Lonergan

The ability to predict fresh pork tenderness and quality is hindered by an incomplete understanding of molecular factors that influence these complex traits. It is hypothesized that a comprehensive description of the metabolomic and proteomic phenotypes associated with variation in pork tenderness and quality will enhance the understanding and inform the development of rapid and non-destructive methods to measure pork quality. The objective of this investigation was to examine the proteomic and metabolomic profiles of approximately 2-week aged pork chops categorized across instrumental tenderness groups. One hundred pork loin chops from a larger sample (N=120) were assigned to one of four categories (n=25) based on instrumental star probe value. (Category A, x = 4.23 kg, 3.43-4.55 kg; Category B, x = 4.79 kg, 4.66-5.00 kg; Category C, x = 5.43 kg, 5.20-5.64 kg; Category D, x = 6.21 kg, 5.70-7.41 kg;). Soluble protein from approximately two week aged pork loin was prepared using a low ionic strength buffer. Proteins were digested with trypsin, labeled with 11-plex isobaric TMT reagents, and identified and quantified using a Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometer. Metabolites were extracted in 80 % methanol from lyophilized and homogenized tissue samples. Derivatized metabolites were identified and quantified using GC-MS. Between Categories A and D, 84 proteins and 22 metabolites were differentially abundant (Adjusted P < 0.05). Fewer differences were detected in comparison between categories with less divergent tenderness measures. The molecular phenotype of the more tender (Category A) aged chops is consistent with a slower and less extended pH decline and markedly less abundance of glycolytic metabolites. The presence and greater abundance of proteins in the low ionic strength extract, including desmin, filamin C, calsequestrin, and fumarate hydratase, indicates a greater disruption of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes and the degradation and release of structural proteins from the continuous connections of myofibrils and the sarcolemma.

由于对影响这些复杂性状的分子因素了解不全面,预测新鲜猪肉嫩度和质量的能力受到了阻碍。据推测,对与猪肉嫩度和质量变化相关的代谢组学和蛋白质组学表型的全面描述将加深人们的理解,并为开发快速、非破坏性的猪肉质量测量方法提供信息。这项研究的目的是检测按仪器嫩度组别分类的约 2 周陈年猪排的蛋白质组和代谢组概况。根据仪器星形探针值,将来自较大样本(N=120)的 100 块猪里脊肉排归入四个类别之一(n=25)。(A 类,x = 4.23 千克,3.43-4.55 千克;B 类,x = 4.79 千克,4.66-5.00 千克;C 类,x = 5.43 千克,5.20-5.64 千克;D 类,x = 6.21 千克,5.70-7.41 千克)。使用低离子强度缓冲液制备约两周老猪腰的可溶性蛋白质。蛋白质用胰蛋白酶消化,用 11 种等位 TMT 试剂标记,并用 Q-Exactive 质谱仪进行鉴定和定量。用 80% 甲醇提取冻干和匀浆组织样本中的代谢物。使用 GC-MS 对衍生代谢物进行鉴定和定量。在 A 类和 D 类之间,84 种蛋白质和 22 种代谢物的含量存在差异(调整后 P < 0.05)。嫩度差异较小的类别之间检测到的差异较小。肉质更嫩(A 类)的陈年肉排的分子表型与 pH 值下降速度更慢、持续时间更短、糖酵解代谢物含量明显更少相一致。低离子强度提取物中蛋白质的存在和丰度更高,包括去蛋白、丝蛋白 C、钙sequestrin 和富马酸水合酶,这表明肌质网和线粒体膜受到的破坏更大,肌纤维和肌浆膜的连续连接中的结构蛋白降解和释放也更多。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic parameters of functional longevity and associated traits in Italian Charolais and Limousine breeds. 意大利夏洛莱牛和利穆赞牛功能性长寿及相关性状的遗传参数。
IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae354
Simone Callegaro, Francesco Tiezzi, Christian Maltecca, Maria Chiara Fabbri, Riccardo Bozzi

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of Stay-ability (STAY) at different calvings using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) approach, comparing Gaussian-linear and threshold models in Italian Charolais and Limousine beef cattle. It also examined the genetic relationship between STAY and other traits to identify potential indicators of longevity and assessed the impact of STAY selection on economically important traits. Stay-ability, a key trait for farm profitability, is defined as the probability of a cow surviving and remaining productive in the herd until a determined age. We evaluated STAY from the second to third calving and subsequent intervals (e.g., STAY23, STAY78), along with two fertility traits and several conformation traits. Data included 47,362 Limousine cows and 9,174 Charolais cows from 2,471 and 1,774 herds, respectively, born between 1977 and 2023. Analyses were performed fitting univariate threshold and Gaussian-linear animal models to estimate genetic parameters for STAY traits (STAY2 to STAY8) using ssGBLUP. Also, bivariate models were used to estimate genetic correlations between STAY and fertility and conformation traits. Heritabilities for STAY ranged from 0.13 to 0.11 and from 0.21 to 0.14 for Limousine, and from 0.14 to 0.11 and from 0.21 to 0.19 for Charolais, using Gaussian-linear and threshold models, respectively. Significant re-ranking of genotyped sires based on STAY traits was observed, particularly for more distant calvings (STAY8) compared to earlier ones (STAY3), indicating that STAY traits are genetically distinct. Genetic correlations were positive between STAY and conformation traits for Limousine. In Charolais, many traits were uncorrelated, but some conformation traits showed positive correlations, except for rump convexity, which had negative correlations with STAY. In conclusion, the heritability estimates of STAY suggests that genetic improvement for longevity in Limousine and Charolais herds is feasible. Selecting sires with consistently high genomic breeding values for STAY across early and late calvings highlights the importance of long-term longevity. Genetic correlations indicate that selection based on conformation traits could enhance herd survival by improving cow resilience for the Limousine. Instead for the Charolais some conformation traits showed positive correlations with STAY, while rump convexity had negative association, potentially affecting longevity.

本研究旨在使用单步基因组最佳线性无偏预测(ssGBLUP)方法估算不同产犊期的存活率(STAY)遗传参数,比较意大利夏洛莱肉牛和利木赞肉牛的高斯线性模型和阈值模型。研究还考察了STAY与其他性状之间的遗传关系,以确定潜在的长寿指标,并评估了STAY选择对重要经济性状的影响。存活率是影响牧场盈利能力的一个关键性状,它被定义为奶牛在牛群中存活并保持生产性能直至确定年龄的概率。我们评估了从第二胎到第三胎的STAY及其后的间隔(如STAY23、STAY78),以及两个繁殖力性状和几个体型性状。数据包括分别来自 2471 个牛群和 1774 个牛群的 47362 头利木赞奶牛和 9174 头夏洛莱奶牛,它们在 1977 年至 2023 年期间出生。使用ssGBLUP拟合单变量阈值和高斯线性动物模型进行分析,以估计STAY性状(STAY2至STAY8)的遗传参数。此外,还使用双变量模型来估计 STAY 与繁殖力和构象性状之间的遗传相关性。使用高斯线性模型和阈值模型,STAY 的遗传力在利穆赞(Limousine)和夏洛莱(Charolais)之间的范围分别为 0.13 至 0.11 和 0.21 至 0.14,在利穆赞(Limousine)和夏洛莱(Charolais)之间的范围分别为 0.14 至 0.11 和 0.21 至 0.19。根据 STAY 性状对基因型父本进行了显著的重新排序,尤其是较远产仔(STAY8)的父本与较早产仔(STAY3)的父本相比,这表明 STAY 性状在遗传上是不同的。利穆赞牛的 STAY 和体型性状之间呈正相关。夏洛莱牛的许多性状与 STAY 无关,但一些体型性状与 STAY 呈正相关,只有臀凸与 STAY 呈负相关。总之,STAY 的遗传率估计值表明,利穆赞牛和夏洛莱牛的长寿遗传改良是可行的。选择STAY基因组育种值在早期和晚期犊牛中始终较高的种公牛,凸显了长期长寿的重要性。遗传相关性表明,基于体型性状的选择可通过提高利木赞奶牛的抗逆性来提高牛群的存活率。相反,夏洛莱牛的一些体型性状与STAY呈正相关,而臀凸呈负相关,可能会影响寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Blood Taurine Concentration and its Correlation with Nutritional and Physiological Status during the Fattening Period of Japanese Black Cattle 日本黑牛育肥期血牛磺酸浓度的变化及其与营养和生理状态的相关性
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae347
Shuntaro Takai, Huseong Lee, Minji Kim, Shinichiro Torii, Nishihara Koki, Joonpyo Oh, Tatsunori Masaki, Kentaro Ikuta, Eiji Iwamoto, Kota Masuda, Yoshinobu Uemoto, Fuminori Terada, Satoshi Haga, Sanggun Roh
Taurine, biosynthesized from methionine or cysteine in the liver, plays a crucial regulatory role in bile acid conjugation, antioxidant effects, and glucose and cholesterol metabolism. This may influence the metabolic changes associated with fat accumulation in beef cattle. However, the physiological role of taurine in this species has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the physiological role of taurine in Japanese Black steers (Bos taurus) in different phases during the fattening period. To examine the correlation among plasma taurine concentrations, various physiological parameters, and genes related to taurine synthesis in the liver, we used biopsied liver tissues, blood samples, and rumen fluids collected from 21 steers at three different stages, i.e., early (T1; 13 months of age), middle (T2; 20 months of age), and late (T3; 28 months of age) phases. Additionally, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression profile of taurine synthesis genes, primary bovine hepatocytes obtained from 4-week-old Holstein calves were treated with palmitate, oleate, acetate, propionate, or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Plasma taurine and cholesterol concentrations significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in the T2 phase, which is potentially attributable to increased energy intake and assimilation induced by increased intake of concentrated feed. Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) expression significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01) in T2 than in other phases. The expression levels of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) in T2 than in T3; moreover, the CDO1/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than in T1. Plasma taurine concentrations were positively correlated with plasma methionine (r = 0.51; P &lt; 0.05) and total cholesterol (r = 0.56; P &lt; 0.05) concentrations at T2. Relative CDO1 mRNA expression was upregulated in cultured bovine hepatocytes treated with oleate and propionate, whereas it was downregulated upon acetate treatment. These findings indicate that the increase in plasma taurine concentrations in the T2 phase is associated with changes in lipid and methionine metabolism in Japanese Black steers.
牛磺酸是由肝脏中的蛋氨酸或半胱氨酸生物合成的,在胆汁酸结合、抗氧化作用以及葡萄糖和胆固醇代谢中发挥着重要的调节作用。这可能会影响与肉牛脂肪积累有关的代谢变化。然而,牛磺酸在该物种中的生理作用尚未完全阐明。在这项研究中,我们探讨了牛磺酸在日本黑阉牛(Bos taurus)育肥期不同阶段的生理作用。为了研究血浆牛磺酸浓度、各种生理参数和肝脏中与牛磺酸合成有关的基因之间的相关性,我们使用了从 21 头阉牛身上采集的三个不同阶段(即早期(T1;13 月龄)、中期(T2;20 月龄)和晚期(T3;28 月龄))的活检肝组织、血液样本和瘤胃液。此外,为了研究牛磺酸合成基因表达谱的调控机制,用棕榈酸酯、油酸酯、醋酸酯、丙酸酯或β-羟基丁酸酯(BHBA)处理 4 周龄荷斯坦小牛的原代牛肝细胞。血浆中牛磺酸和胆固醇的浓度在 T2 阶段显著增加(P &lt; 0.001),这可能是由于精饲料摄入量增加导致能量摄入和同化增加所致。半胱氨酸亚磺酸脱羧酶(CSAD)的表达量在 T2 阶段比其他阶段显著增加(P &lt; 0.01)。半胱氨酸二氧合酶1型(CDO1)和胆固醇7α-羟化酶(CYP7A1)的表达水平在T2阶段明显高于T3阶段(P&P;lt; 0.001);此外,CDO1/谷氨酸-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)的比值在T2阶段高于T1阶段(P&P;lt; 0.05)。血浆牛磺酸浓度与血浆蛋氨酸(r = 0.51; P &lt; 0.05)和总胆固醇(r = 0.56; P &lt; 0.05)浓度呈正相关。用油酸和丙酸处理培养的牛肝细胞中 CDO1 mRNA 的相对表达上调,而用乙酸处理时则下调。这些研究结果表明,T2 阶段血浆牛磺酸浓度的增加与日本黑阉牛脂质和蛋氨酸代谢的变化有关。
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引用次数: 0
A pre- and postnatal immune challenge influences muscle growth and metabolism in weaned pigs 出生前后的免疫挑战影响断奶猪的肌肉生长和新陈代谢
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae350
Thomas W Dobbins, Luke K Fuerniss, Manuel S Hernandez, Bradley J Johnson, Amy L Petry, Paul R Broadway, Nicole C Burdick-Sanchez, Jerrad F Legako
The in-utero environment is key to both fetal and postnatal growth and development. The objective of this study was to determine if administration of an acute low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to gestating sows during mid to late gestation and post-weaning would alter the offsprings metabolomic profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) and muscle ultrastructure. Pregnant Camborough sows were randomly assigned to receive LPS (LPS; n= 7) at a dose of 2.5 μg/kg or saline (CON; n = 7) on 78 ± 1.8 d of gestation. At weaning (21 ± 1.3 d of age), barrows (CON n = 17; LPS n = 17) from each treatment were selected to receive a secondary LPS. Barrows were administered the secondary LPS challenge at a dose of 10 μg/kg 7 d post weaning. Twenty-four h after the postnatal LPS dose, barrows (31 ± 1.3 d of age) were euthanized, and each LD was removed. The left LD was utilized for morphometric measurements. Two samples from the medial section of the right LD were preserved for immunohistochemical measurements and metabolomic analyses. Mass spectral data were deconvoluted, aligned, and annotated using MS-DIAL. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using MetaboAnalyst. Pathway analysis was conducted and compared to the Homo sapiens pathway library. Morphometric and immunohistochemical measurements were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. Significance for all analyses was declared at P ≤ 0.05 and tendencies were considered at P ≤ 0.10. Average diameter of myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I and IIB/X fibers was increased (P ≤ 0.048) in LPS offspring compared with CON. Average cross-sectional area was increased (P = 0.030) in MHC IIB/X fibers and tended to be increased (P = 0.080) in MHC I fibers of LPS offspring. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.186) between treatment groups for total nuclei or nuclei positive for MYF5, PAX7, or MYF5 and PAX7 nuclei. Metabolomic analyses identified 14 differentially expressed (P &lt; 0.05) metabolites in the LD between treatment groups. There were 10 metabolites within the LD that tended (P ≤ 0.096) to differ between treatment groups. Thus, this study shows that in-utero immune stimulation using LPS in gestating sows and a subsequent LPS challenge postnatally alters the metabolomic profile and muscle ultrastructure of the LD in weaned pigs.
宫内环境对胎儿和出生后的生长发育至关重要。本研究旨在确定在妊娠中后期和断奶后对妊娠母猪施用急性低剂量脂多糖(LPS)是否会改变后代背阔肌(LD)的代谢组谱和肌肉超微结构。妊娠母猪在妊娠 78 ± 1.8 天时被随机分配接受剂量为 2.5 μg/kg 的 LPS(LPS;n= 7)或生理盐水(CON;n = 7)。在断奶时(21 ± 1.3 d),从每种处理中挑选出接受二次 LPS 的小公鸡(CON n = 17;LPS n = 17)。断奶后 7 d,对小白鼠进行二次 LPS 挑战,剂量为 10 μg/kg。在产后注射 LPS 24 小时后,对小白鼠(31 ± 1.3 d)实施安乐死,并取出每个 LD。左侧 LD 用于形态测量。右侧 LD 内侧部分的两个样本被保留下来,用于免疫组化测量和代谢组学分析。使用 MS-DIAL 对质谱数据进行解卷、排列和注释。使用 MetaboAnalyst 进行单变量和多变量分析。进行通路分析并与智人通路库进行比较。形态计量和免疫组化测量使用 SAS 9.4 版的 MIXED 程序进行分析。所有分析的显著性以P≤0.05为标准,倾向性以P≤0.10为标准。与 CON 相比,LPS 后代 I 型和 IIB/X 型肌球蛋白重链(MHC)纤维的平均直径增大(P ≤ 0.048)。LPS 后代 MHC IIB/X 纤维的平均横截面积增加(P = 0.030),MHC I 纤维的平均横截面积趋于增加(P = 0.080)。处理组间总核或 MYF5、PAX7 或 MYF5 和 PAX7 阳性核无差异(P ≥ 0.186)。代谢组学分析确定了 14 个代谢物在治疗组之间的 LD 中有差异表达(P &lt; 0.05)。在 LD 中,有 10 种代谢物在不同治疗组之间存在差异(P ≤ 0.096)。因此,本研究表明,对妊娠母猪使用 LPS 进行产前免疫刺激以及随后的产后 LPS 挑战会改变断奶猪 LD 的代谢组学特征和肌肉超微结构。
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引用次数: 0
Immunomodulatory potential of dietary soybean-derived saponins 膳食大豆皂甙的免疫调节潜力
IF 3.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae349
Cameron S White, Ryan N Dilger
Soybeans are widely recognized as a valuable crop, often included as a high-quality protein source in production animal diets. In addition to contributing to the macronutrient composition of the diet, soybeans also contain many minor bioactive components which can influence the health and growth of animals. This review examined the immunomodulatory potential of soy saponins and their specific effects on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Saponins are amphiphilic molecules, a property imparted by their polar carbohydrate chains that attach to a nonpolar aglycone backbone. This structure also complicates their isolation, thus most research investigating soy saponins has been performed in models that only require small amounts of isolated material. Many experiments conducted in vitro or in rodents reported that saponins can reduce damage, particularly in conditions where a challenge was first introduced to stimulate inflammation or oxidative stress. It appears that saponins can exert their anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the NF-κB pathway, reducing its activation and the release of pro-inflammatory molecules later in the cascade. Furthermore, soy saponins can influence levels of important antioxidative enzymes and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus attenuating levels of oxidative stress in the model. As these results were obtained from experiments done in vitro or in rodents, they neglect to provide a good representation of how soy saponins may affect some of the greatest consumers of soy-based products, with those being production animals. The work that has been done seems to indicate that soy saponins may exert similar anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in production animals as those observed in other research models along with immunostimulatory activity that may help boost host defense systems. Overall, there is a dearth of research regarding the effects of soy saponins on species that commonly consume soy products, which begins by developing more effective methods of saponin extraction.
大豆被广泛认为是一种有价值的作物,经常作为优质蛋白质来源被纳入生产动物的日粮中。除了为日粮提供宏量营养成分外,大豆还含有许多次要的生物活性成分,可影响动物的健康和生长。本综述研究了大豆皂苷的免疫调节潜力及其对炎症反应、氧化应激和肠道屏障功能的具体影响。皂苷是两亲性分子,其极性碳水化合物链附着在非极性的苷元骨架上,因而具有两亲性。这种结构也使它们的分离变得复杂,因此大多数研究都是在只需要少量分离材料的模型中对大豆皂苷进行研究。许多在体外或啮齿类动物身上进行的实验都报告说,皂苷可以减少损伤,特别是在首先引入挑战以刺激炎症或氧化应激的情况下。皂素似乎可以通过调节 NF-κB 通路来发挥抗炎作用,减少其激活和在级联后期释放促炎分子。此外,大豆皂甙还能影响重要抗氧化酶的水平,减少活性氧的生成,从而减轻模型中的氧化应激水平。由于这些结果是从体外或啮齿动物实验中获得的,因此它们并不能很好地反映大豆皂苷可能会如何影响一些大豆制品的最大消费者,即生产动物。已经完成的工作似乎表明,大豆皂甙可能会在生产动物体内产生与在其他研究模型中观察到的类似的抗炎和抗氧化作用,以及有助于增强宿主防御系统的免疫刺激活性。总之,有关大豆皂苷对常食用大豆产品的物种的影响的研究还很缺乏,首先要开发更有效的皂苷提取方法。
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引用次数: 0
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