High Areal Capacity and Long-life Sn Anode Enabled by Tuning Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry and Interfacial Adsorbed Molecular Layer

IF 5.1 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE ACS Macro Letters Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103904
Yanxia Yu, Ping Li, Xuanyu Xie, Jinhao Xie, Hao Liu, Tzu-Hao Lu, Fan Yang, Xihong Lu, Zujin Yang
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Abstract

Tin (Sn) is an appealing metal anode for aqueous batteries (ABs) due to its high theoretic capacity, elevated hydrogen overpotential, affordability and environmentally friendly nature. However, the parasitic reaction and dead Sn formation are two critical issues that impede the practical application of Sn metal batteries. Herein, we demonstrate that the addition of trace amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 1 mM) into the pristine electrolyte can effectively solve these issues. Specifically, the PVP additive can reshape the structure of Sn2+ solvation sheath to accelerate cations migration and suppress water-induced side reaction and the formation of hydroxide sulfate. Additionally, the preferential adsorption of PVP at the interface also promotes the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion of Sn2+, facilitating uniform Sn deposition. As a result, symmetric cells with PVP additive in the electrolyte deliver stable cycling for up to 1800 h at 10 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 or 230 h at 5 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. The designed electrolyte also enables the MnO2//Sn full battery to maintain a discharge capacity of 0.92 mAh cm−2 over 3000 cycles at current density of 6 mA cm−2 and supports the stable cycling of PbO2//Sn full battery for 230 cycles under the high capacity of 10 mAh cm−2.

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通过调节电解质溶解化学和界面吸附分子层实现高面积容量和长寿命锡阳极
锡(Sn)具有理论容量高、氢过电位高、价格低廉和环保等优点,是水电池(ABs)的理想金属阳极。然而,寄生反应和死锡的形成是阻碍锡金属电池实际应用的两个关键问题。在此,我们证明了在原始电解液中添加微量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP,1 mM)可有效解决这些问题。具体来说,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加剂可以重塑 Sn2+ 溶解鞘的结构,加速阳离子迁移,抑制水引起的副反应和硫酸氢氧根的形成。此外,PVP 在界面上的优先吸附作用还能促进 Sn2+ 的三维(3D)扩散,从而促进 Sn 的均匀沉积。因此,在电解液中添加 PVP 的对称电池在 10 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2 的条件下可稳定循环 1800 小时,在 5 mA cm-2/10 mAh cm-2 的条件下可稳定循环 230 小时。所设计的电解液还能使 MnO2//Sn 全电池在电流密度为 6 mA cm-2 的条件下,在 3000 次循环中保持 0.92 mAh cm-2 的放电容量,并支持 PbO2//Sn 全电池在 10 mAh cm-2 的高容量条件下稳定循环 230 次。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.40
自引率
3.40%
发文量
209
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: ACS Macro Letters publishes research in all areas of contemporary soft matter science in which macromolecules play a key role, including nanotechnology, self-assembly, supramolecular chemistry, biomaterials, energy generation and storage, and renewable/sustainable materials. Submissions to ACS Macro Letters should justify clearly the rapid disclosure of the key elements of the study. The scope of the journal includes high-impact research of broad interest in all areas of polymer science and engineering, including cross-disciplinary research that interfaces with polymer science. With the launch of ACS Macro Letters, all Communications that were formerly published in Macromolecules and Biomacromolecules will be published as Letters in ACS Macro Letters.
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