Association of Social Determinants of Health With Hospital Readmission and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Abstract

Background: The relative contributions of common patient-reported social determinants of health on 30- and 90-day post-discharge outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unclear.

Objective: The aim of this article is to examine the independent associations of social determinants with readmission or death, accounting for medical history.

Methods: Participants included adults who were hospitalized with ACS at an academic medical center. Domains measured were social support, health literacy/numeracy, and socioeconomic status (SES) (including education and difficulty paying bills). We employed multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to study associations with time to all-cause readmission or death, up to 30 or 90 days after discharge, and adjusted for demographics and medical history (prior admissions and Elixhauser comorbidity index).

Key results: Among 1,168 patients with ACS and no history of heart failure, more prior admissions, and higher comorbidity index (the medical history domain) were associated with higher rates of 30- and 90-day readmission or death (domain p values <.01 and <.0001, respectively). The social support domain was not associated with outcomes. Higher health literacy and numeracy were associated with lower rates of 30- and 90-day readmission or death (domain p values .016 and .002, respectively). Higher education and less difficulty paying bills (the SES domain) was marginally associated with lower rates of 90-day readmission or death (domain, p = .052).

Conclusions: In addition to medical history, the domain of health literacy and numeracy was independently associated with readmission or death of patients with ACS during the 90 days after hospital discharge. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(4):e212-e223.].