Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function among overweight and obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

IF 2.6 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Frontiers in Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1485610

Yi Wang, Hao Wang, Hongpeng Zhao

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Abstract

Objective: Overweight and obesity are serious public health issues worldwide and significantly impair children's executive function (EF). However, there is no consensus regarding the benefits of aerobic exercise, on the EF of overweight and obese children. This study systematically evaluated the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on EF and its subcomponents (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in overweight and obese children.

Methods: We searched six databases-PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure-until March 17, 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of aerobic exercise on the EF of overweight and obese children the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Following heterogeneity testing, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 were used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of the three indicators. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as statistical measures for effect analysis with the SMD value as the effect size and a p-value of ≤0.05 indicating statistical significance.

Results: Eighteen studies involving 1,260 participants were included. Aerobic exercise significantly improved overall EF (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI [-0.68, -0.32], p < 0.01) with a moderate to high positive effect on inhibitory control (SMD = -0.52, 95% CI [-0.72, -0.31], p < 0.01) and working memory (SMD = -0.63, 95% CI [-1.06, -0.20], p < 0.01) but not on cognitive flexibility (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI [-0.71, 0.07], p = 0.11). These results suggest that EF in overweight and obese children is influenced by factors such as exercise characteristics and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant moderating effect of exercise type, exercise intensity, session time, and individual BMI on EF.

Conclusion: Aerobic exercise selectively improved EF in overweight and obese children. Subgroup analysis indicated that cognitive engagement in ball game interventions of at least moderate intensity and a single session of 25-40 min are more beneficial for improving EF in overweight and obese children. Extremely obese children (BMI > 25 kg/m²) do not benefit from the intervention, highlighting the need for a specific focus on intervention outcomes in future studies.

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有氧运动对超重和肥胖儿童执行功能的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

目的超重和肥胖是全球严重的公共卫生问题，严重影响儿童的执行功能（EF）。然而，关于有氧运动对超重和肥胖儿童执行功能的益处，目前还没有达成共识。本研究系统地评估了有氧运动对超重和肥胖儿童的执行功能及其分项（抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性）的干预效果：截至 2024 年 3 月 17 日，我们利用 Cochrane 偏倚风险评估工具在六个数据库（PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、EBSCOhost 和中国国家知识基础设施）中检索了研究有氧运动对超重和肥胖儿童 EF 影响的随机对照试验。在进行异质性测试后，使用 RevMan 5.4 和 Stata 17.0 对三个指标进行荟萃分析和亚组分析。标准化均值差异（SMD）和95%置信区间（CI）作为效应分析的统计量，SMD值作为效应大小，P值≤0.05表示统计学意义：结果：共纳入18项研究，涉及1260名参与者。有氧运动能明显改善总体EF（SMD = -0.50，95% CI [-0.68, -0.32]，p p = 0.11）。这些结果表明，超重和肥胖儿童的心率受运动特点和体重指数（BMI）等因素的影响。亚组分析显示，运动类型、运动强度、运动时间和个体体重指数对EF有显著的调节作用：结论：有氧运动可选择性地改善超重和肥胖儿童的EF。亚组分析表明，至少中等强度的球类运动干预和单次 25-40 分钟的认知参与更有利于改善超重和肥胖儿童的 EF。极度肥胖的儿童（体重指数大于 25 kg/m2）不能从干预中获益，这突出表明在未来的研究中需要特别关注干预结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

13.20%

发文量

7396

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Psychology is the largest journal in its field, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the psychological sciences, from clinical research to cognitive science, from perception to consciousness, from imaging studies to human factors, and from animal cognition to social psychology. Field Chief Editor Axel Cleeremans at the Free University of Brussels is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. The journal publishes the best research across the entire field of psychology. Today, psychological science is becoming increasingly important at all levels of society, from the treatment of clinical disorders to our basic understanding of how the mind works. It is highly interdisciplinary, borrowing questions from philosophy, methods from neuroscience and insights from clinical practice - all in the goal of furthering our grasp of human nature and society, as well as our ability to develop new intervention methods.