Epidemiological and genetic characterization of human infection with avian influenza AI H5N6 virus in Guangxi, China, 2021

Abstract

Objectives

Avian influenza (AI) H5N6 has replaced H5N1 as the predominant strain, and the increasing number of cases and complex recombination patterns pose significant threats to human health.

Methods

The data were collected on human cases of AI H5N6 from the National Surveillance of Notifiable Infectious Disease Programme in Guangxi and used MEGA software to conduct phylogenetic analysis with published reference strains obtained from the GISAID database.

Results

Between January 1 and December 31, 2021, 11 cases of human AI H5N6 infection were reported in Guangxi. All HA genes belonged to clade 2.3.4.4, with only one virus belonging to 2.3.4.4h and the remaining viruses falling into 2.3.4.4b. Phylogenetic analysis of the genes was conducted, and some substitutions were detected in the HA gene, M1 protein, and NS1 protein. A close relationship between Guangxi viruses and AI viruses of poultry origin has been observed.

Conclusion

Given the contamination of live poultry markets and backyard poultry, AI H5N6 variants and genotypes will continuously emerge; therefore, enhancing surveillance is crucial for pandemic preparedness.