Clinical effectiveness of picture exchange communication system (PECS) on 5- to 7-year-old children's oral health.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the impact of the picture exchange communication system (PECS) on oral hygiene motivation and practices in healthy children aged five to seven years.

Methods: A total of 160 healthy children aged five to seven years were included in this study. At the first visit, the participants' guardians were asked to answer a questionnaire focussing on the sociodemographic, and the oral hygiene habits of the participants. All participants received a clinical examination to assess their dental caries experience using the ICDAS score, gingival condition using the gingival index (GI), and the amount of accumulated dental plaque using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TQHI), followed by comprehensive explanation of the proper oral hygiene protocol. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups; the PECS group and the control group. The participants were re-assessed after 6 months. The collected data were statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23 at a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results: By the end of the follow-up period, the PECS group reported significantly greater adherence to regular tooth brushing (p = 0.006) with a frequency higher than twice per day (p < 0.000) and no need for parental motivation (p < 0.001), and had significantly lower mean GI and TQHI scores (p < 0.000). Most of the participants' guardians reported that the PECS cards were useful for use and that they would continue to use them 66/76 (86%).

Conclusion: The PECS was found to be effective in motivating children to adhere to proper tooth-brushing practices, as reflected by improvements in their oral health status and gingival condition.