European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry最新文献

Introduction: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease worldwide, and various forms of fluoride are considered useful preventive tools. The production of nanoscale materials can significantly improve their mechanical and chemical properties. The present study compared the microhardness of primary tooth enamel after applying sodium fluoride varnish (conventional) and nano-sodium fluoride varnish.

Materials and methods: Sixty-eight sound canine teeth were selected in this experimental study. The teeth were mounted so that the buccal surface was exposed. A 3 × 3 mm square was obtained on the buccal surface of the crown of each tooth. Enamel surfaces were polished using sandpaper in the presence of water as a coolant. The samples were randomly divided into four groups (n = 17): G1, conventional 5% NaF; G2, 1% nano-NaF; G3, 5% nano-NaF; G4, control. The initial microhardness was measured. Before surface treatment with different fluoride compounds, the samples were placed in a demineralizing solution for two days, and the microhardness of all the samples was re-measured. Then G1, G2, and G3 were treated with the fluoride type specified for each group, and G4 was treated as a control (without treatment). Finally, pH cycling was applied, and the microhardness was measured again. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using Repeated measure ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Repeated measure ANOVA showed that microharness of G1, G2, G3, and G4 was statistically significant different. Tukey tests showed that the microhardness of G1, G2, and G3 were not significantly different. However, these three groups exhibited significantly more microhardness than the control group (P = 0.024, P = 0.027, and P = 0.010).

Conclusion: There was no significant differences in enamel microhardness of deciduous teeth between conventional 5% NaF,1% nano-NaF and 5% nano-NaF.

Purpose: To evaluate perceptions, attitudes, and clinical experience of Brazilian dental practitioners regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH).

Methods: An online survey with 27 questions, covering professional profile data, perceptions, and knowledge on clinical management of MIH, was employed. Descriptive analyses, chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Cramer's V tests were used.

Results: Sample comprised 100 participants, equally distributed between those working in private or public sectors. Most private sector practitioners had 21-30 years of clinical experience (28%) and master's degree (50%), while most public sector practitioners had 11-20 years of clinical experience (32%) and a PhD degree (32%). Most participants (86%) recognized MIH in their practice. Statistically significant differences were observed in frequency (p = 0.001), incidence (p = 0.039), and lesion type (p = 0.043) between practitioners from both sectors. Uncertainly in management was reported by 49%, mainly in public sector. For mild MIH in incisors, no treatment was chosen (43%), and the treatment longevity was the only significant factor reported (p = 0.012). In cases of mild MIH in first permanent molars (FPMs), 51% of respondents opted to keep the affected tissue and apply fissure sealant. Glass ionomer (GI) restoration was commonly indicated for FPMs with severe MIH with moderate loss of structure and sensitivity (38%). In cases with substantial structural loss and pulpal involvement, the most chosen treatment was endodontic intervention combined with preformed crowns.

Conclusion: Brazilian dental practitioners face MIH in clinical practice. Although, public sector professionals are less confident in diagnosis and treatment, no significant differences in treatment preferences between public and private sector dental practitioners were identified.

Purpose:  The study assessed the caries risk in infants and children with and without early childhood caries (ECC) using American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Caries Risk Assessment Tool (AAPD CRAT) and identified the association between caries risk and mode of birth delivery.

Methods:  This cross-sectional study included 96 infants and children with all maxillary and mandibular primary anterior teeth and at least two primary molars erupted clinically in the oral cavity. The details on the mode of birth delivery were noted in a preformed template along with the demographic details, followed by caries risk assessment (CRA) to assess the caries risk of an individual. The outcome assessment for overall caries risk was performed for the ECC and non-ECC group and compared against the mode of birth delivery. Descriptive statistics were performed for all the study variables (gender, overall caries risk, mode of birth delivery, and term of delivery). The Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables between the two groups (ECC and non-ECC groups).

Results:  The high caries risk category contributed to 52.1% and 68.8% in the ECC and non-ECC groups, respectively. The prevalence of vaginal mode of delivery was 41.7% and 52.1% in the ECC and non-ECC groups, respectively. Caries risk increases with increasing age and the non-ECC group shows more risk (68.8%) than the ECC group. In comparison with the variables against the groups (ECC and non-ECC), Chi-square test revealed that only the term of delivery (p value = 0.035) and overall caries risk (p = 0.045) showed statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:  The proportion of high caries risk subjects was significantly more in the non-ECC groups. Children delivered by the C-section mode showed high caries risk (66.7%) when compared with the vaginal mode of delivery (53.3%). A validated CRAT for predicting caries risk is required.

Background: Recently, research in the field of caries prevention is emphasizing upon identification of edible non-toxic compounds that can interfere with the formation of cariogenic biofilm.

Aim: This trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of non-dialyzable material (NDM) containing cranberry mouth rinse (C-MR) on the Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) counts and compare with that of a sodium fluoride (F-MR) mouth rinse.

Methods: 280 children (8-12 years old) were enrolled in this double-blind single center, parallel, one-month, IRB/IEC approved non-inferiority trial. The participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into one of the two groups: C-MR and F-MR. All participants were given verbal and written instructions about at-home mouth-rinsing regimen under parental supervision for a month. Dental plaque samples were collected before and after a month of mouth-rinsing and subjected to culture techniques. S. mutans counts were assessed and compared in both groups. Primary outcome was the difference in the S. mutans counts between two interventions. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol analysis were carried out using two-sample t test with equal variance.

Results: The mean S. mutans counts (after log transformation) in C-MR group were: 14.66 (90% CI 14.4,14.9) at baseline and 12.85 (90% CI 12.5, 13.2) colony-forming units/ml (CFU/ml) at one-month post intervention (p = 0.001); while these counts were 14.69 (90% CI 14.5, 14.9) at baseline and 12.71 (90% CI 12.3, 13.1) at one-month intervention in F-MR groups (p = 0.001). ITT analysis showed an inter- group difference of 0.14 CFU/ml (90% CI - 0.32,0.59) in post-SM counts between groups (p = 0.629).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the cranberry mouth rinse was non-inferior to the fluoride mouth rinse in terms of S. mutans levels change. Cranberry-based mouth rinse can be used effectively to reduce the S. mutans counts in children.

Trial registration: Registration number in case of Clinical Trials-CTRI/2019/05/019395.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge, practice, and concerns about the Hall Technique among pediatric dentists (PDs) and general dental practitioners (GDPs) working in primary care settings in the State of Qatar.

Methods: A prospective questionnaire-based survey was distributed to all GDPs and PDs working at different Primary Health Care Corporation centers in Qatar between 1 November and 10 December 2023. Descriptive data analysis was carried out.

Results: The response rate was 49% among GPDs and 100% among PDs. Approximately 85% of PDs and 48% of GDPs were familiar with the HT although only 58% of the PDs and 4% of the GDPs applied HT preformed metal crowns (HTPMCs) in their current primary care practice. Majority of both PDs and GDPs did not consider HTPMCs as the treatment of choice for restoring asymptomatic carious primary molars and preferred applying the HT for cavitated carious lesions over non-cavitated lesions. Regarding HT practices, 57.7% of PDs and 48% of GDPs always planned on taking a pre-operative radiograph before the procedure, while only 15.4% of PDs and 8% of GDPs would always consider using an orthodontic separator prior to placing an HTPMC. The main concerns among the respondents about the HT included sealing in caries (PDs 31%; GDPs 50%), high occlusion (PDs 57.7%; GDPs 53.3%), and gingival damage (27% PDs; 47% GDPs.) Endorsement by professional bodies and further research evidence were seen as ways to promote wider adoption of the HT.

Conclusion: The HT is recognised but not widely used among primary care dentists working in the State of Qatar. HTPMCs are often seen as secondary options for restoring carious primary molars with dentists still having a number of concerns regarding the HT.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate stress levels and stressors amongst dental students, general dentists and paediatric dentists treating paediatric patients.

Methods: This study was conducted on 664 dentistry students, general dentists and paediatric dentists in Turkey. Data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and the Pedodontic Practice Stress Scale (PPSS). Stressors when treating paediatric patients were compared between the groups. The scores obtained from the questionnaire were analysed. Compliance with normal distribution was analysed according to Kurtosis-Skewness values. One-way analysis was used to compare the scale scores (p < 0.050).

Results: Of the participants, 74.54% were female and 25.46% were male. The females showed a significantly higher level of stress, compared to the males (p = 0.001).When compared according to the level of education, the mean total stress scores did not differ (p = 0.211), but the mean complication score was found to be statistically significantly higher in paediatric dentists (p = 0.001). In addition, the lowest mean stress score was found in dental students. Statistically significant differences were found in all sections of the PPSS scale in terms of the ability to manage a paediatric patient as an adult patient and the importance of knowing child psychology theories.

Conclusion: Factors, such as the educational status, the number of patients treated, the behaviour of the patient's relatives and the potential to communicate with them, cause variable stress in dental students and general and specialist dentists working with children.

Purpose: The aim of the present was to assess the association between MIH and tooth agenesis (TA) in orthodontic patients from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the presence of MIH and TA in a sample of 371 pretreatment orthodontic records from patients aged 9-18 years. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regressions.

Results: There was a statistically significant association between the prevalence of tooth agenesis and MIH. A higher percentage of third molar agenesis, maxillary premolar agenesis, and mandibular second premolar agenesis was observed among children with MIH-affected teeth. Patients with MIH had a 2.43 times greater chance of third molar agenesis, and a 5.88 times higher likelihood of mandibular premolar agenesis.

Conclusion: There is a weak association between MIH and TA. Furthermore, the presence of hypomineralised molars increases the risk of tooth agenesis.

Purpose: Generating adequate tongue pressure against the hard palate requires full-range mobility of the tongue. The study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of restricted tongue mobility and ankyloglossia and (2) determine whether, in children with restricted tongue mobility, their condition also affects tongue pressure.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of healthy 6-8-year-old children from primary schools in central Vietnam was conducted in 2019. Restricted tongue mobility and ankyloglossia were graded using the tongue range of motion ratio (TRMR), with the tongue-tip-to-incisive papillae (TIP) for the anterior tongue tip and lingual-palatal suction (LPS) for the posterior two-thirds of the tongue. Tongue strength and tongue endurance were measured by the Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument. Statistical analysis investigated the associations between tongue mobility and tongue pressure measurement.

Results: Five hundred twelve children (46.5% female, mean age 7.2 ± 0.2 years) were assessed. The prevalence of anterior ankyloglossia and restricted mobility was 17.5%, with 16.2% cases of less than 50% mobility and 1.3% cases of less than 25% mobility. The prevalence of posterior ankyloglossia and restricted mobility with less than 30% mobility was 28.9%. Anterior restricted mobility was not a predictor of reduced tongue pressure. Posterior restricted mobility in LPS was independently associated with tongue strength but not tongue endurance.

Conclusion: Restrictions of posterior tongue mobility in ankyloglossia are more frequent than restrictions in anterior tongue mobility. Reduced tongue strength is related to mobility and the severity of restrictions in the posterior tongue. These findings suggest that restricted posterior tongue mobility may affect tongue muscle weakness.