Microplastic contamination in artificial tears in South Korea: Potential for direct ocular exposure.

IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY Contact Lens & Anterior Eye Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI:10.1016/j.clae.2024.102325
Yun-Hee Choi, Nayoon Park, Juyang Kim, Seul-Ah Park, Jaehak Jung, Jong Suk Song, Yoon-Hyeong Choi, Dong Hyun Kim
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Abstract

Purpose: To investigate microplastics (MP) contamination in artificial tear (AT) products.

Method: Five hyaluronic acid ATs (two multi-use and three disposable ATs) were used to gauge MP levels in three scenarios: 1) initial drop and remaining liquid after opening the lid upward; 2) remaining liquid after opening the lid downward and discarding two drops; and 3) remaining liquid after opening the lid downward and discarding half of it. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the quantity, morphological characteristics, and composition of MPs. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to examine the surface traits and elements of MPs and ATs.

Results: MPs were detected in 4 out of 5 ATs in the initial drops, containing 0.50 ± 0.65 particles/30 mL, whereas the remaining solution had 0.75 ± 0.72 particles/30 mL. After discarding two drops, 0.14 ± 0.35 particles/30 mL were present in the remaining solution. No MPs were detected after discarding half drops. Most MPs were transparent (95 %), irregular fragments (55 %) sized 10-20 μm (35 %), and made of polyethylene (95 %). If patients use the first drops of ATs four times a day for a year, individuals can be exposed to 730.0 particles. This exposure can be reduced to 204.4 particles by discarding the first two drops before use.

Conclusion: MPs are observed in commercially available ATs, and human eyes may be directly exposed to MPs through the use of ATs.

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韩国人工泪液中的微塑料污染:直接接触眼部的可能性。
目的:研究人工泪液(AT)产品中的微塑料(MP)污染:使用五种透明质酸人工泪液(两种多用途人工泪液和三种一次性人工泪液)在三种情况下测量MP含量:1)初始滴液和向上打开盖子后的剩余液体;2)向下打开盖子并丢弃两滴后的剩余液体;3)向下打开盖子并丢弃一半后的剩余液体。拉曼光谱用于鉴定 MPs 的数量、形态特征和成分。扫描电子显微镜/能量色散光谱法用于检测 MPs 和 ATs 的表面特征和元素:结果:在最初滴入的 5 滴 AT 溶液中,有 4 滴检测到了 MP,每 30 mL 溶液中含有 0.50 ± 0.65 个颗粒,而剩余溶液中每 30 mL 溶液中含有 0.75 ± 0.72 个颗粒。丢弃两滴后,剩余溶液中每 30 mL 含 0.14 ± 0.35 个微粒。丢弃半滴后,未检测到 MPs。大多数 MPs 是透明的(95%),不规则的碎片(55%),大小为 10-20 μm(35%),由聚乙烯制成(95%)。如果患者在一年内每天四次使用第一滴眼药水,那么每个人可能会接触到 730.0 个微粒。如果在使用前丢弃前两滴,接触到的微粒可减少到 204.4 个:结论:在市面上销售的自动滴眼液中可以观察到 MPs,人眼可能会通过使用自动滴眼液直接接触到 MPs。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
18.80%
发文量
198
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: Contact Lens & Anterior Eye is a research-based journal covering all aspects of contact lens theory and practice, including original articles on invention and innovations, as well as the regular features of: Case Reports; Literary Reviews; Editorials; Instrumentation and Techniques and Dates of Professional Meetings.
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