Purpose: The aim of the study was to translate the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory - Eye (NPSI-Eye) questionnaire into the Italian language and to validate its psychometric properties for assessing the neuropathic component of ocular pain in chronic eye pain patients.
Methodology: The translation and validation process were conducted according to standardized methods for cross-cultural adaptation of psychometric tools. Patients presenting to the Ophthalmology Unit complaining of chronic ocular pain were enrolled and completed the questionnaire. Objective assessment of ocular surface dysfunction was performed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined. Validity was assessed as face validity, construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) and criterion validity. Factor analysis was performed using Exploratory Factor Analysis.
Results: The Italian version of the NPSI-Eye questionnaire showed optimal internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.889, p < 0.001) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.991, p < 0.001). Five of the ten symptom items were endorsed by at least 60%. There were moderate-to-high correlations between NPSI-Eye score and comparison pain questionnaires, and lower correlations with dry eye questionnaire scores, demonstrating good convergent and divergent validity. Concerning criterion validity, the questionnaire score showed significant positive correlation with dry eye discordance score (Spearman ρ = 0.530, p < 0.001), and the mean NPSI-Eye score was significantly higher in patients reporting no or partial analgesic response to anesthetic drop instillation (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The Italian version of the NPSI-Eye questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool to measure neuropathic component of ocular pain. It demonstrated psychometric properties comparable to those of the original English instrument in a demographically and clinically distinct population. The NPSI-Eye can be used to assess and quantify distinct dimensions of ocular neuropathic pain across diverse patient groups, offering a standardized means of assessing this complex and often underrecognized pain phenotype.
{"title":"Translation and validation of the Italian version of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory-Eye (NPSI-Eye) questionnaire for evaluation of ocular neuropathic pain.","authors":"Erica Ferrini, Chiara Posarelli, Chiara Bacchetti, Michele Figus, Giovanna Gabbriellini","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2026.102628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2026.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to translate the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory - Eye (NPSI-Eye) questionnaire into the Italian language and to validate its psychometric properties for assessing the neuropathic component of ocular pain in chronic eye pain patients.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The translation and validation process were conducted according to standardized methods for cross-cultural adaptation of psychometric tools. Patients presenting to the Ophthalmology Unit complaining of chronic ocular pain were enrolled and completed the questionnaire. Objective assessment of ocular surface dysfunction was performed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were determined. Validity was assessed as face validity, construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) and criterion validity. Factor analysis was performed using Exploratory Factor Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Italian version of the NPSI-Eye questionnaire showed optimal internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.889, p < 0.001) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.991, p < 0.001). Five of the ten symptom items were endorsed by at least 60%. There were moderate-to-high correlations between NPSI-Eye score and comparison pain questionnaires, and lower correlations with dry eye questionnaire scores, demonstrating good convergent and divergent validity. Concerning criterion validity, the questionnaire score showed significant positive correlation with dry eye discordance score (Spearman ρ = 0.530, p < 0.001), and the mean NPSI-Eye score was significantly higher in patients reporting no or partial analgesic response to anesthetic drop instillation (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Italian version of the NPSI-Eye questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable tool to measure neuropathic component of ocular pain. It demonstrated psychometric properties comparable to those of the original English instrument in a demographically and clinically distinct population. The NPSI-Eye can be used to assess and quantify distinct dimensions of ocular neuropathic pain across diverse patient groups, offering a standardized means of assessing this complex and often underrecognized pain phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 2","pages":"102628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2026.102625
Chongyang Mu, Yiting Sun, Xirenayi Zhuoruo, Zhenwei Qin, Xiuming Jin
Background: This study aims to compare therapeutic effects of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) and 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops on dry eye and asthenopia in patients with mild dry eye combined with short fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT).
Methods: 60 eligible subjects were recruited and ultimately 55 subjects completed all four visits throughout the entire process. Patients with mild dry eye and short FBUT (2-5 s) were randomly, assigned to either a sodium hyaluronate group (Group A) or a cyclosporine A group (Group B) and received eye drop treatment for 8 weeks. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using OSDI, Schirmer test, FBUT, TMH, NIBUT, and bulbar redness. Asthenopia was evaluated using ASQ-17 and high-frequency components (HFC) of accommodative microfluctuations. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 1, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment.
Results: Both CsA and SH improved OSDI and FBUT. Compared to SH, CsA showed a more sustained FBUT improvement from week 4 to week 8 (95%CI [0.90,2.52], P < 0.001). Asthenopia, assessed by HFC and ASQ-17, was also more significantly reduced in Group B at week 8 from baseline (HFC 95%CI [-4.10,-0.76], P = 0.002; ASQ-17 95%Cl [-13.52,-6.13], P < 0.001). FBUT improvement was significantly correlated with HFC reduction (Standardized coefficients = -0.39,P = 0.01).
Conclusions: CsA and SH can both improve the symptoms and signs of patients with mild dry eye syndrome. However, the therapeutic effect of CsA on such patients is more lasting, and it has an alleviating effect on asthenopia. The mechanism may be to increase the FBUT and thereby stabilize the tear film.
{"title":"Intervention with cyclosporine A stabilizes tear film and relieves asthenopia in mild dry eye with short fluorescein tear break-up time : A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Chongyang Mu, Yiting Sun, Xirenayi Zhuoruo, Zhenwei Qin, Xiuming Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2026.102625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2026.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to compare therapeutic effects of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (SH) and 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops on dry eye and asthenopia in patients with mild dry eye combined with short fluorescein tear break-up time (FBUT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>60 eligible subjects were recruited and ultimately 55 subjects completed all four visits throughout the entire process. Patients with mild dry eye and short FBUT (2-5 s) were randomly, assigned to either a sodium hyaluronate group (Group A) or a cyclosporine A group (Group B) and received eye drop treatment for 8 weeks. Dry eye symptoms were assessed using OSDI, Schirmer test, FBUT, TMH, NIBUT, and bulbar redness. Asthenopia was evaluated using ASQ-17 and high-frequency components (HFC) of accommodative microfluctuations. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 1, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CsA and SH improved OSDI and FBUT. Compared to SH, CsA showed a more sustained FBUT improvement from week 4 to week 8 (95%CI [0.90,2.52], P < 0.001). Asthenopia, assessed by HFC and ASQ-17, was also more significantly reduced in Group B at week 8 from baseline (HFC 95%CI [-4.10,-0.76], P = 0.002; ASQ-17 95%Cl [-13.52,-6.13], P < 0.001). FBUT improvement was significantly correlated with HFC reduction (Standardized coefficients = -0.39,P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CsA and SH can both improve the symptoms and signs of patients with mild dry eye syndrome. However, the therapeutic effect of CsA on such patients is more lasting, and it has an alleviating effect on asthenopia. The mechanism may be to increase the FBUT and thereby stabilize the tear film.</p>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 2","pages":"102625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102597
Byki Huntjens
{"title":"Eyes on the Journal: how curiosity shaped a career in clinical research","authors":"Byki Huntjens","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102597","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 102597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102600
Nihat Köylüce , Mahmut Erkam Arslan
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between texture analysis parameters of lacrimal gland activity and dry eye disease (DED) in participants undergoing Gallium-68 labelled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen ligand Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography ([68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) imaging for prostate cancer (PCa).
Methods
A prospective cohort of 56 male patients who underwent [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for PCa at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kayseri City Hospital (October 2024–June 2025) were included. Lacrimal gland regions of interest were delineated using LIFEx software with a 40 % maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) threshold. Texture features (morphological, intensity-based, intensity-histogram) were extracted. An ophthalmological evaluation focused on dry-eye parameters was conducted, which included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scoring, in addition to Schirmer and tear break-up time (TBUT) test. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation, univariate binary logistic regression, and ROC analysis; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Thirty-two participants (57 %) met the criteria for DED. Several intensity-based and histogram parameters were significantly lower in DED participants. SUVmax (cut-off 7.65) demonstrated limited but statistically significant diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.669, p = 0.031; sensitivity 75 %, specificity 50 %). Higher intensity measures correlated with higher TBUT and Schirmer scores and lower OSDI scores.
Conclusions
Texture analysis of lacrimal gland activity on [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT provides potential, non-invasive quantitative biomarkers for DED. Intensity-based metrics (SUVmean, SUVmax) may reflect functional impairment of the lacrimal gland. Further multicenter validation is warranted.
{"title":"Lacrimal gland Ga-68 PSMA-11 PET/CT radiomic profile: a potential novel imaging biomarker in dry eye disease","authors":"Nihat Köylüce , Mahmut Erkam Arslan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between texture analysis parameters of lacrimal gland activity and dry eye disease (DED) in participants undergoing Gallium-68 labelled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen ligand Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography ([68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) imaging for prostate cancer (PCa).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort of 56 male patients who underwent [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for PCa at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kayseri City Hospital (October 2024–June 2025) were included. Lacrimal gland regions of interest were delineated using LIFEx software with a 40 % maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) threshold. Texture features (morphological, intensity-based, intensity-histogram) were extracted. An ophthalmological evaluation focused on dry-eye parameters was conducted, which included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scoring, in addition to Schirmer and tear break-up time (TBUT) test. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation, univariate binary logistic regression, and ROC analysis; p < 0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two participants (57 %) met the criteria for DED. Several intensity-based and histogram parameters were significantly lower in DED participants. SUVmax (cut-off 7.65) demonstrated limited but statistically significant diagnostic potential (AUC = 0.669, p = 0.031; sensitivity 75 %, specificity 50 %). Higher intensity measures correlated with higher TBUT and Schirmer scores and lower OSDI scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Texture analysis of lacrimal gland activity on [68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT provides potential, non-invasive quantitative biomarkers for DED. Intensity-based metrics (SUVmean, SUVmax) may reflect functional impairment of the lacrimal gland. Further multicenter validation is warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 102600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To objectively evaluate tear film parameters in children diagnosed with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) using the MYAH device, and to compare the findings with those of healthy controls.
Methods
This cross-sectional, case-control study included 45 children with clinically diagnosed VKC and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent non-invasive ocular surface assessment using the MYAH system. The evaluated parameters included non-invasive tear break-up time (NI-TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), blink rate, and ocular protection index (OPI). Correlations between tear film parameters and VKC severity scores were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Results
Compared to the control group, the VKC group showed significantly lower values in NI-TBUT (5.2 ± 2.1 s vs. 12.8 ± 3.6 s, p < 0.001), TMH (0.18 ± 0.07 mm vs. 0.28 ± 0.05 mm, p < 0.001), blink rate (11 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 4 blinks/min, p = 0.002), and OPI (2.1 ± 1.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0, p < 0.001). NI-TBUT and TMH demonstrated moderate negative correlations with clinical severity scores (r = –0.62, p < 0.001 and r = –0.58, p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Children with VKC exhibit significant alterations in tear film dynamics, even in the absence of visual acuity loss. The MYAH device offers a non-invasive, and pediatric-friendly approach for objectively assessing tear film stability and blink behavior. These parameters may serve as useful biomarkers for disease severity and monitoring in pediatric VKC.
目的应用MYAH仪客观评价春性角膜结膜炎（VKC）患儿的泪膜参数，并与健康对照组进行比较。方法本横断面病例对照研究包括45例临床诊断为VKC的儿童和45例年龄和性别匹配的健康对照。所有参与者使用MYAH系统进行无创眼表评估。评估参数包括无创撕裂时间（NI-TBUT）、撕裂半月板高度（TMH）、眨眼率和眼保护指数（OPI）。采用Spearman等级相关系数分析泪膜参数与VKC严重程度评分的相关性。结果与对照组相比，VKC组NI-TBUT（5.2±2.1 s vs. 12.8±3.6 s, p < 0.001）、TMH（0.18±0.07 mm vs. 0.28±0.05 mm, p < 0.001）、眨眼频率（11±5 vs. 17±4次/min， p = 0.002）、OPI（2.1±1.4 vs. 6.8±2.0,p < 0.001）均显著低于对照组。NI-TBUT和TMH与临床严重程度评分呈中度负相关（r = -0.62, p <； 0.001和r = -0.58, p < 0.001）。结论VKC患儿即使没有视力下降，泪膜动力学也有明显改变。MYAH设备为客观评估泪膜稳定性和眨眼行为提供了一种非侵入性和儿科友好的方法。这些参数可作为儿童VKC疾病严重程度和监测的有用生物标志物。
{"title":"Comprehensive assessment of tear film dynamics in pediatric vernal keratoconjunctivitis using a novel non-invasive device (MYAH)","authors":"Ayşenur Gülcü, Sevil Karaman Erdur, Munise Altınbaş","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To objectively evaluate tear film parameters in children diagnosed with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) using the MYAH device, and to compare the findings with those of healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional, case-control study included 45 children with clinically diagnosed VKC and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants underwent non-invasive ocular surface assessment using the MYAH system. The evaluated parameters included non-invasive tear break-up time (NI-TBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), blink rate, and ocular protection index (OPI). Correlations between tear film parameters and VKC severity scores were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the control group, the VKC group showed significantly lower values in NI-TBUT (5.2 ± 2.1 s vs. 12.8 ± 3.6 s, p < 0.001), TMH (0.18 ± 0.07 mm vs. 0.28 ± 0.05 mm, p < 0.001), blink rate (11 ± 5 vs. 17 ± 4 blinks/min, p = 0.002), and OPI (2.1 ± 1.4 vs. 6.8 ± 2.0, p < 0.001). NI-TBUT and TMH demonstrated moderate negative correlations with clinical severity scores (r = –0.62, p < 0.001 and r = –0.58, p < 0.001, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children with VKC exhibit significant alterations in tear film dynamics, even in the absence of visual acuity loss. The MYAH device offers a non-invasive, and pediatric-friendly approach for objectively assessing tear film stability and blink behavior. These parameters may serve as useful biomarkers for disease severity and monitoring in pediatric VKC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 102599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Notwithstanding contact lenses extensive clinical application, complications particularly in the absence of adequate hygiene and education remain a concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate physicians’ propensity to obtain written informed consent prior to the prescription of contact lenses, and to investigate the factors associated with this practice.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was distributed to physicians authorized to prescribe contact lenses. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, prescription habits, patient education practices, and consent behaviors of clinicians. Associations between demographic factors and consent behaviors were analyzed using chi-square tests. A power analysis determined a minimum sample size of 370 participants. The survey was created using the Google Forms Platform. The results were recorded anonymously and stored securely using a password-protected system.
Results
A total of 390 physicians participated in the study(mean age:33.7 years;54.1 % female). The majority of these professionals were employed in university or tertiary hospitals(76.4 %), and most of their prescriptions were for contact lenses for refractive(97.4 %) and therapeutic(65.1 %) reasons. Pre-usage education was provided by 88.7 % of physicians, and 95.7 % of these informed patients about potential complications. However, only 4.3 % of participants obtained written informed consent, 12.2 % obtained verbal consent, and 36.5 % obtained no consent. Among the remaining respondents, 41.8 % were unaware of the necessity for informed consent, while 5.2 % believed it was unnecessary. A statistically significant variation in consent practices was observed according to professional rank(p < 0.05). The highest rates of written consent were recorded among professors (11.1 %).
Conclusion
This study underscores a critical paucity of awareness and consistency in obtaining informed consent prior to contact lens utilization, a particular concern among early-career physicians. Although patient education was commonly provided, formal documentation of consent was rare. Establishing standardized consent guidelines will reduce variability in obtaining written informed consent, enhance medicolegal safety, and guide future clinical practice in contact lens prescription.
{"title":"Tendency to obtain written informed consent in clinical applications of contact lenses","authors":"Onur Furundaoturan , Ilayda Korkmaz , Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Notwithstanding contact lenses extensive clinical application, complications particularly in the absence of adequate hygiene and education remain a concern. The objective of this study was to evaluate physicians’ propensity to obtain written informed consent prior to the prescription of contact lenses, and to investigate the factors associated with this practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was distributed to physicians authorized to prescribe contact lenses. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, prescription habits, patient education practices, and consent behaviors of clinicians. Associations between demographic factors and consent behaviors were analyzed using chi-square tests. A power analysis determined a minimum sample size of 370 participants. The survey was created using the Google Forms Platform. The results were recorded anonymously and stored securely using a password-protected system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 390 physicians participated in the study(mean age:33.7 years;54.1 % female). The majority of these professionals were employed in university or tertiary hospitals(76.4 %), and most of their prescriptions were for contact lenses for refractive(97.4 %) and therapeutic(65.1 %) reasons. Pre-usage education was provided by 88.7 % of physicians, and 95.7 % of these informed patients about potential complications. However, only 4.3 % of participants obtained written informed consent, 12.2 % obtained verbal consent, and 36.5 % obtained no consent. Among the remaining respondents, 41.8 % were unaware of the necessity for informed consent, while 5.2 % believed it was unnecessary. A statistically significant variation in consent practices was observed according to professional rank(p < 0.05). The highest rates of written consent were recorded among professors (11.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores a critical paucity of awareness and consistency in obtaining informed consent prior to contact lens utilization, a particular concern among early-career physicians. Although patient education was commonly provided, formal documentation of consent was rare. Establishing standardized consent guidelines will reduce variability in obtaining written informed consent, enhance medicolegal safety, and guide future clinical practice in contact lens prescription.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102580
Yajing Yang , Stephen J. Vincent , Sin W. Cheung , Pauline Cho , Henry H.L. Chan
<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of highly myopic children before and after one-year orthokeratology (<em>ortho</em>-k) treatment, and between full and partial correction <em>ortho</em>-k groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chinese children aged 7 to 13 years, with myopia no less than −5.00 D and astigmatism no more than −2.00 D, were fitted with either a conventional <em>ortho</em>-k lens design targeted for −4.00 D or a dual RC design targeted for full correction. Participants were required to wear spectacles during the day if their residual spherical refraction was no less than −1.25 D or monocular unaided visual acuity was worse than 0.18 logMAR. VRQoL was evaluated before and after one-year <em>ortho</em>-k treatment using the traditional Chinese Paediatric Refractive Error Profile (PREP) questionnaire along with four additional questions regarding symptoms and their frequency after treatment. Participants were retrospectively classified into full and partial correction groups, based on their spectacle dependence at the one-year follow-up visit. The overall PREP score, calculated from the mean of 10 subscales, and the 10 subscales themselves, were compared pre- and post-<em>ortho</em>-k treatment, and between the full and partial correction groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-eight participants (full correction: 17, partial correction: 21) completed the study. At baseline, the partial correction group exhibited significantly greater spherical refraction and SER than the full correction group (p < 0.001), while unaided monocular visual acuity was comparable between the groups (p = 0.41). At the one-year follow-up, the full correction group had significantly lower residual spherical refraction and SER, and better unaided monocular visual acuity than the partial correction group (p < 0.001). No significant Group by Visit interactions were observed for any PREP subscales (p ≥ 0.13), indicating similar patterns of change over time in both groups. A significant improvement in the “Activities” subscale was found with <em>ortho</em>-k treatment compared to spectacle wear in both groups (main effect of Visit, p = 0.001). For the “Handling” subscale, when averaging across both time points, the full correction group reported consistently higher scores than the partial correction group (spectacle wear: 83 ± 3 vs 78 ± 3) and the one-year follow-up (<em>ortho</em>-k wear: 85 ± 2 vs 75 ± 3) (main effect of Group, p = 0.03). Although an improving trend in the “Appearance” subscale was noted in the full correction group following <em>ortho</em>-k (57 ± 6 vs 72 ± 4), compared to stable scores in the partial correction group (62 ± 5 vs 63 ± 3), this difference was not significant (Group by Visit interaction, p = 0.13). Regarding symptoms experienced during nighttime <em>ortho</em>-k lens wear, the most reported symptoms (∼18%) were “ocular discomfort” and “itchy/burning/dryness”, wit
目的比较高度近视儿童角膜塑形术（orthokeratology, orthok）治疗前后、完全矫正组和部分矫正组的视力相关生活质量（VRQoL）。方法选取7 ~ 13岁近视不小于- 5.00 D、散光不大于- 2.00 D的中国儿童，分别配戴- 4.00 D的传统orthok晶状体和完全矫正的双RC晶状体。如果参与者的剩余球面屈光度不小于- 1.25 D或单眼裸眼视力低于0.18 logMAR，则要求他们在白天佩戴眼镜。使用传统的中国儿童屈光不正问卷（PREP）以及关于治疗后症状及其频率的4个附加问题，评估一年orthok治疗前后的VRQoL。在一年的随访中，根据受试者对眼镜的依赖程度，回顾性地将其分为完全矫正组和部分矫正组。从10个分量表的平均值和10个分量表本身计算的总体PREP评分，比较矫形k治疗前后、完全矫形组和部分矫形组之间的差异。结果38名参与者（完全矫正17名，部分矫正21名）完成了研究。在基线时，部分矫正组的球面屈光度和SER明显高于完全矫正组（p < 0.001），而两组之间的单眼视力相当（p = 0.41）。在一年的随访中，完全矫正组的残余球面屈光度和SER明显低于部分矫正组，且单眼视力优于部分矫正组（p < 0.001）。任何PREP亚量表均未观察到显著的访视组相互作用（p≥0.13），表明两组随时间的变化模式相似。与佩戴眼镜相比，两组患者的“活动”分量表均有显著改善（访视的主要效果，p = 0.001）。对于“处理”分量表，当对两个时间点进行平均时，完全矫正组报告的得分始终高于部分矫正组（眼镜佩戴：83±3 vs 78±3）和一年随访（orthok -k佩戴：85±2 vs 75±3）（组主效应，p = 0.03）。虽然与部分矫正组的稳定评分（62±5 vs 63±3）相比，完全矫正组在orthoo -k后的“外观”分量表有改善趋势（57±6 vs 72±4），但这种差异并不显著（访诊组，p = 0.13）。关于夜间佩戴ortho-k隐形眼镜期间出现的症状，报告最多的症状（约18%）是“眼部不适”和“发痒/灼烧/干燥”，≤10%的参与者报告任何症状每周超过两次。完全矫正组和部分矫正组在眼部症状上无显著差异。结论经过1年的orthok矫正，与基线眼镜配戴相比，“活动”分量表的VRQoL均有显著提高，无论是完全矫正还是部分矫正。与部分矫正组相比，完全矫正组的“外观”得分有改善的趋势，并且在“处理”分量表上的总分明显高于部分矫正组。两种矫正策略耐受性良好，轻度眼部症状发生率较低。
{"title":"Vision-related quality of life in highly myopic children undergoing orthokeratology treatment","authors":"Yajing Yang , Stephen J. Vincent , Sin W. Cheung , Pauline Cho , Henry H.L. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) of highly myopic children before and after one-year orthokeratology (<em>ortho</em>-k) treatment, and between full and partial correction <em>ortho</em>-k groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chinese children aged 7 to 13 years, with myopia no less than −5.00 D and astigmatism no more than −2.00 D, were fitted with either a conventional <em>ortho</em>-k lens design targeted for −4.00 D or a dual RC design targeted for full correction. Participants were required to wear spectacles during the day if their residual spherical refraction was no less than −1.25 D or monocular unaided visual acuity was worse than 0.18 logMAR. VRQoL was evaluated before and after one-year <em>ortho</em>-k treatment using the traditional Chinese Paediatric Refractive Error Profile (PREP) questionnaire along with four additional questions regarding symptoms and their frequency after treatment. Participants were retrospectively classified into full and partial correction groups, based on their spectacle dependence at the one-year follow-up visit. The overall PREP score, calculated from the mean of 10 subscales, and the 10 subscales themselves, were compared pre- and post-<em>ortho</em>-k treatment, and between the full and partial correction groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-eight participants (full correction: 17, partial correction: 21) completed the study. At baseline, the partial correction group exhibited significantly greater spherical refraction and SER than the full correction group (p < 0.001), while unaided monocular visual acuity was comparable between the groups (p = 0.41). At the one-year follow-up, the full correction group had significantly lower residual spherical refraction and SER, and better unaided monocular visual acuity than the partial correction group (p < 0.001). No significant Group by Visit interactions were observed for any PREP subscales (p ≥ 0.13), indicating similar patterns of change over time in both groups. A significant improvement in the “Activities” subscale was found with <em>ortho</em>-k treatment compared to spectacle wear in both groups (main effect of Visit, p = 0.001). For the “Handling” subscale, when averaging across both time points, the full correction group reported consistently higher scores than the partial correction group (spectacle wear: 83 ± 3 vs 78 ± 3) and the one-year follow-up (<em>ortho</em>-k wear: 85 ± 2 vs 75 ± 3) (main effect of Group, p = 0.03). Although an improving trend in the “Appearance” subscale was noted in the full correction group following <em>ortho</em>-k (57 ± 6 vs 72 ± 4), compared to stable scores in the partial correction group (62 ± 5 vs 63 ± 3), this difference was not significant (Group by Visit interaction, p = 0.13). Regarding symptoms experienced during nighttime <em>ortho</em>-k lens wear, the most reported symptoms (∼18%) were “ocular discomfort” and “itchy/burning/dryness”, wit","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"49 1","pages":"Article 102580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the histopathological structure of the meibomian gland in a murine model, including the presence of inflammatory mediators and sebocyte apoptosis, and to provide a new experimental basis and theoretical support to further explore the relationship between CS and dry eye.
Methods
Forty-eight female C57BL/6 mice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group (12 weeks, 24 weeks) and a CS exposure group (12 weeks, 24 weeks). The normal control group received no treatment while the CS exposure group were exposed to CS 2 cigarettes/hour, 3 h/day and 6 days/week for either 12 or 24 weeks. Corneal changes were monitored regularly. Following CS exposure, meibomian gland tissues of mice were processed for H&E staining, CD45 immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining for IL-6 and Ki67. The expression of IL-6, Ki67, P63, MMP-3 in meibomian glands were evaluated by RT-PCR. Sebocyte apoptosis was assessed through TUNEL staining.
Results
Compared with the normal control group, H&E staining in the CS12 group showed no significant change, while meibomian gland orifices were blocked in the CS24 group. TUNEL staining demonstrated a significant increase in cellular apoptosis in both smoke-exposed groups compared to the normal control group. IL-6 and MMP-3 were significantly up-regulated in meibomian gland tissues after 12 weeks of CS exposure and the expression of cell proliferation-related gene Ki67 and P63 decreased.
Conclusion
CS exposure induces meibomian gland inflammation, promotes sebocyte apoptosis, and inhibits sebocyte proliferation in mice.
{"title":"An in vivo study of cigarette smoke induced meibomian gland deterioration in a murine model","authors":"Yuting Jiang , Ling Zhang , Jingru Wang , Runhua Lyu , Yingying Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><span>To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the histopathological structure of the meibomian gland<span> in a murine model, including the presence of inflammatory mediators and sebocyte </span></span>apoptosis, and to provide a new experimental basis and theoretical support to further explore the relationship between CS and dry eye.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight female C57BL/6 mice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group (12 weeks, 24 weeks) and a CS exposure group (12 weeks, 24 weeks). The normal control group received no treatment while the CS exposure group were exposed to CS 2 cigarettes/hour, 3 h/day and 6 days/week for either 12 or 24 weeks. Corneal changes were monitored regularly. Following CS exposure, meibomian gland tissues<span><span> of mice were processed for H&E staining, CD45 immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence staining for IL-6 and Ki67. The expression of IL-6, Ki67, P63, MMP-3 in meibomian glands were evaluated by RT-PCR. Sebocyte apoptosis was assessed through </span>TUNEL staining.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the normal control group, H&E staining in the CS12 group showed no significant change, while meibomian gland orifices were blocked in the CS24 group. TUNEL staining demonstrated a significant increase in cellular apoptosis in both smoke-exposed groups compared to the normal control group. IL-6 and MMP-3 were significantly up-regulated in meibomian gland tissues after 12 weeks of CS exposure and the expression of cell proliferation-related gene Ki67 and P63 decreased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CS exposure induces meibomian gland inflammation, promotes sebocyte apoptosis, and inhibits sebocyte proliferation in mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 6","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102507
Zhe Zhang , Li Zeng , Qihua Le , Yanze Yu , Jiaqi Zhou , Feng Xue , Xingtao Zhou , Jiaxu Hong , Zhi Chen
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of scleral lenses (SLs) on the ocular surface of healthy individuals and explore potential molecular changes in the tear fluid reservoir associated with this form of contact lens.
Methods
Forty-one healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in the prospective study and assigned to wear SLs or rigid corneal lenses (RCL), and their ocular surface was evaluated at various time points over one month period. Hyperemia, tear film stability, and molecular changes in tear fluid were assessed. Tandem mass tagging proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in tears after wearing different lenses.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences observed in in the hyperemia index of the nasal and temporal ciliary vessel areas, as well as the nasal and temporal conjunctival vessel areas between groups. The difference in tear film stability between the two groups was not statistically significant. However, proteomic analysis of tear samples revealed 397 differentially expressed proteins in the SLs group, including pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukins. Pathway analysis identified upregulation of inflammation-related pathways.
Conclusions
SLs wear does not significantly impact hyperemia and tear film stability compared to RCL. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, there is evidence showing an underlying inflammatory response. These findings require continued research to elucidate the clinical implications of these molecular changes and to guide SLs fitting.
{"title":"Proteomic analysis of tear fluid: Comparative short-term effects of scleral lenses and rigid corneal lenses wear in ametropic healthy adults","authors":"Zhe Zhang , Li Zeng , Qihua Le , Yanze Yu , Jiaqi Zhou , Feng Xue , Xingtao Zhou , Jiaxu Hong , Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clae.2025.102507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of scleral lenses (SLs) on the ocular surface of healthy individuals and explore potential molecular changes in the tear fluid reservoir associated with this form of contact lens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-one healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled in the prospective study and assigned to wear SLs or rigid corneal lenses (RCL), and their ocular surface was evaluated at various time points over one month period. Hyperemia, tear film stability, and molecular changes in tear fluid were assessed. Tandem mass tagging proteomics analysis was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in tears after wearing different lenses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no statistically significant differences observed in in the hyperemia index of the nasal and temporal ciliary vessel areas, as well as the nasal and temporal conjunctival vessel areas between groups. The difference in tear film stability between the two groups was not statistically significant. However, proteomic analysis of tear samples revealed 397 differentially expressed proteins in the SLs group, including pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukins. Pathway analysis identified upregulation of inflammation-related pathways.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>SLs wear does not significantly impact hyperemia and tear film stability compared to RCL. Nevertheless, at the molecular level, there is evidence showing an underlying inflammatory response. These findings require continued research to elucidate the clinical implications of these molecular changes and to guide SLs fitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49087,"journal":{"name":"Contact Lens & Anterior Eye","volume":"48 6","pages":"Article 102507"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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