Intersection of Race and Gender in the Cardiothoracic Workforce: Study of Representation and Salary.

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Annals of Thoracic Surgery Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.09.053

Anastasiia K Tompkins, David T Cooke, Leah Backhus, J Michael DiMaio, Sara J Pereira, Mara Antonoff, Walter Merrill, Cherie P Erkmen, Sara Pereira, Cherie P Erkmen, Leah M Backhus, Ian C Bostock Rosenzweig, Donnell Bowen, David Tom Cooke, Loretta Erhunmwunsee, Kirsten A Freeman, Luis Godoy, Deborah Kozik, Jacques Kpodonu, Kiran H Lagisetty, Glenn J Pelletier, Smita Sihag, Africa F Wallace, Fatima Wilder, Douglas E Wood

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Abstract

Background: Cardiothoracic surgery lacks gender and racial/ethnic diversity. Recent studies highlighted disparities based on gender and race/ethnicity among academic cardiothoracic surgeons. The impact of the intersection of these factors on representation and salary is unknown.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and Association of American Medical Colleges data was performed on the number of trainees and clinical faculty stratified by race/ethnicity and gender using Chi-square testing.

Results: The number of women and underrepresented minorities was low in cardiothoracic surgery compared to other specialties, with lowest representation at the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender. Among trainees, 8% were Asian, 2% were Black/African American , and 1.5% were Hispanic/Latina women. Among cardiothoracic faculty, 3.4% were Asian, 0.8% were Black/African American, and 0.4% were Hispanic/Latina women. Women in academic medicine, surgery and cardiothoracic surgery earned 80-87% the salary of men of equal academic rank. White assistant professors earned more than their colleagues (all clinical faculty, surgeons and cardiothoracic surgeons), this difference was further compounded by gender.

Conclusions: Salary disparities exist among cardiothoracic surgeons at the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity. Women experience salary disparity across all academic ranks and specialties. When considering the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity, gender is the predominant factor driving salary inequity.

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心胸外科医生队伍中种族与性别的交叉：代表性和薪酬研究。

背景：心胸外科缺乏性别和种族/族裔多样性。最近的研究强调了学术心胸外科医生在性别和种族/民族方面的差异。这些因素的交叉对代表性和薪酬的影响尚不清楚：方法：对美国毕业医学教育认证委员会（Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education）和美国医学院协会（Association of American Medical Colleges）的数据进行了横截面分析，采用卡方检验法对受训人员和临床教师的数量进行了种族/人种和性别分层：结果：与其他专科相比，心胸外科的女性和代表性不足的少数族裔人数较少，在种族/族裔和性别交叉点上的代表性最低。在受训人员中，亚裔女性占 8%，黑人/非洲裔女性占 2%，西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性占 1.5%。在心胸外科教职员工中，亚裔占 3.4%，黑人/非洲裔占 0.8%，西班牙裔/拉丁裔女性占 0.4%。从事内科、外科和心胸外科学术工作的女性的薪酬是同等学术级别男性的 80-87%。白人助理教授的收入高于他们的同事（所有临床教师、外科医生和心胸外科医生），性别差异进一步加剧了这一差异：结论：心胸外科医生在性别和种族/民族交叉点上存在薪酬差异。女性在所有学术职级和专科中都存在薪酬差异。当考虑到性别和种族/民族的交叉点时，性别是导致薪酬不平等的主要因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Thoracic Surgery 医学-呼吸系统

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

13.00%

发文量

1235

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： The mission of The Annals of Thoracic Surgery is to promote scholarship in cardiothoracic surgery patient care, clinical practice, research, education, and policy. As the official journal of two of the largest American associations in its specialty, this leading monthly enjoys outstanding editorial leadership and maintains rigorous selection standards. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery features: • Full-length original articles on clinical advances, current surgical methods, and controversial topics and techniques • New Technology articles • Case reports • "How-to-do-it" features • Reviews of current literature • Supplements on symposia • Commentary pieces and correspondence • CME • Online-only case reports, "how-to-do-its", and images in cardiothoracic surgery. An authoritative, clinically oriented, comprehensive resource, The Annals of Thoracic Surgery is committed to providing a place for all thoracic surgeons to relate experiences which will help improve patient care.