Insights and Perspectives on Modal Characteristics in Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings: A Review

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2024.3468333

Cheong-Weng Ooi;Waldo Udos;Kok-Sing Lim;Heming Wei;Hangzhou Yang;Harith Ahmad

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Abstract

This article reviews the characteristics and properties of various modes in tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs). It explores the fundamental theory and optical characteristics of radiation modes, cutoff modes, guided cladding modes, ghost modes, and leaky mode in TFBGs. The unique behaviors of these modes are associated with distinctive fabrication techniques, surface modifications, and characterization methods for optimal performance in diverse applications. In addition, the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in TFBGs is reviewed. The excitation involves the coupling between incident light and collective electron oscillations on a metallic surface, within the context of TFBGs. Recent advancements in high refractive index (RI) coatings, femtosecond laser inscription, and graphene integration are further explored for their impact on mode excitation and sensing capabilities. This review offers insights into preserving and enhancing leaky mode resonances (LMRs) and exploring ultrahigh-order cladding modes. The discussion provides valuable perspectives on future research directions and practical applications in optical fiber sensing and photonics.

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倾斜光纤布拉格光栅模态特性的见解与展望：综述

本文综述了倾斜光纤布拉格光栅（TFBG）中各种模式的特性和属性。文章探讨了 TFBG 中辐射模式、截止模式、引导包层模式、幽灵模式和泄漏模式的基本理论和光学特性。这些模式的独特行为与独特的制造技术、表面改性和表征方法有关，可在各种应用中实现最佳性能。此外，还综述了 TFBG 中表面等离子体共振 (SPR) 的激发。在 TFBG 的背景下，这种激发涉及入射光与金属表面集体电子振荡之间的耦合。本文进一步探讨了高折射率 (RI) 涂层、飞秒激光刻蚀和石墨烯集成的最新进展对模式激发和传感能力的影响。本综述深入探讨了如何保留和增强漏模共振（LMR）以及探索超高阶包层模式。讨论为光纤传感和光子学的未来研究方向和实际应用提供了宝贵的视角。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

14.00%

发文量

2058

审稿时长

5.2 months

期刊介绍： The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice

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