{"title":"Effects of commercial feeds and frozen trash fish on growth and hematological parameters of juvenile silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum","authors":"Christian Fernández-Mendez, Giana Curto Utia, Raisa Ruiz Vasquez, Anai Flores Gonzales","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01732-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver arowana <i>Osteoglossum bicirrhosum</i> is a native species of the Amazon basin and presents opportunistic omnivorous habits with ichthyophagous preference. It is subjected to great fishing pressure for consumption and ornamental purposes. Fish farming for this fish is being developed, and one of the main difficulties is food availability for the different stages. This study assessed the effect of feeding with frozen trash fish and commercial feed on the growth and hematological parameters of juvenile silver arowana <i>O. bicirrhosum</i>. A total of 72 juveniles (74.2 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 net cages (6 fish per cage) and fed diets with different protein (P) and lipid (L) levels: frozen trash fish (52P:10L), and commercial tilapia (28P:4L), trout (40P:8L), and arapaima feed (50P:10L) with three replicates twice daily at a daily feeding rate of 6% of biomass for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, growth, hematological parameters, and cost per kilogram of weight gain were evaluated. The results revealed improved growth (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among fish fed with frozen trash fish (172.6 ± 26.9 g) and commercial arapaima feed (174.6 ± 48.8 g), in comparison with those fed commercial trout (120.5 ± 28.9 g) and tilapia feed (106.0 ± 37.1 g). Fish fed with frozen trash fish had lower daily feed intake (0.9 ± 0.1 g) and feed conversion ratio (0.8 ± 0.0), and greater hematocrit (36.2 ± 1.3%), erythrocyte sizes (348.7 ± 37.5 fL), total leukocyte (14.7 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> µL<sup>−1</sup>), and lymphocyte levels (10.8 ± 1.1 × 10<sup>3</sup> µL<sup>−1</sup>) than juveniles that consumed the three commercial diets (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Feeding with frozen trash fish reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the cost per kg of weight (USD 2.5) compared to feeding commercial diets for trout (USD 4.3) and tilapia (USD 4.8). The results show that feeding fresh frozen fish allows for healthy and less costly growth of juvenile silver arowana <i>O. bicirrhosum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquaculture International","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10499-024-01732-9","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum is a native species of the Amazon basin and presents opportunistic omnivorous habits with ichthyophagous preference. It is subjected to great fishing pressure for consumption and ornamental purposes. Fish farming for this fish is being developed, and one of the main difficulties is food availability for the different stages. This study assessed the effect of feeding with frozen trash fish and commercial feed on the growth and hematological parameters of juvenile silver arowana O. bicirrhosum. A total of 72 juveniles (74.2 ± 0.1 g) were randomly distributed into 12 net cages (6 fish per cage) and fed diets with different protein (P) and lipid (L) levels: frozen trash fish (52P:10L), and commercial tilapia (28P:4L), trout (40P:8L), and arapaima feed (50P:10L) with three replicates twice daily at a daily feeding rate of 6% of biomass for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, growth, hematological parameters, and cost per kilogram of weight gain were evaluated. The results revealed improved growth (P < 0.05) among fish fed with frozen trash fish (172.6 ± 26.9 g) and commercial arapaima feed (174.6 ± 48.8 g), in comparison with those fed commercial trout (120.5 ± 28.9 g) and tilapia feed (106.0 ± 37.1 g). Fish fed with frozen trash fish had lower daily feed intake (0.9 ± 0.1 g) and feed conversion ratio (0.8 ± 0.0), and greater hematocrit (36.2 ± 1.3%), erythrocyte sizes (348.7 ± 37.5 fL), total leukocyte (14.7 ± 0.3 × 103 µL−1), and lymphocyte levels (10.8 ± 1.1 × 103 µL−1) than juveniles that consumed the three commercial diets (P < 0.05). Feeding with frozen trash fish reduced (P < 0.05) the cost per kg of weight (USD 2.5) compared to feeding commercial diets for trout (USD 4.3) and tilapia (USD 4.8). The results show that feeding fresh frozen fish allows for healthy and less costly growth of juvenile silver arowana O. bicirrhosum.
期刊介绍：
Aquaculture International is an international journal publishing original research papers, short communications, technical notes and review papers on all aspects of aquaculture.
The Journal covers topics such as the biology, physiology, pathology and genetics of cultured fish, crustaceans, molluscs and plants, especially new species; water quality of supply systems, fluctuations in water quality within farms and the environmental impacts of aquacultural operations; nutrition, feeding and stocking practices, especially as they affect the health and growth rates of cultured species; sustainable production techniques; bioengineering studies on the design and management of offshore and land-based systems; the improvement of quality and marketing of farmed products; sociological and societal impacts of aquaculture, and more.
This is the official Journal of the European Aquaculture Society.
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