Exploration of nitrogen sources and transformation processes in eutrophic estuarine zones based on DOM and stable isotope compositions

Abstract

Our study examines nitrogen sources and transformations in Xiamen Bay, where eutrophication has increased due to higher nitrogen levels. By analyzing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nitrate stable isotopes (δ¹⁵N-NO₃⁻and δ¹⁸O-NO₃⁻), the study finds that nitrate in low salinity areas is influenced by freshwater-seawater mixing and biogeochemical processes, while in high salinity areas, it is mainly affected by physical mixing. Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) results show that the primary nitrate sources are fecal matter and sewage, followed by atmospheric deposition. During the high flow period, DOM may facilitate nitrogen transformation and release through processes such as degradation or mineralization. In contrast, during the low flow period, the system is mainly influenced by the physical mixing of saline and freshwater. Studies have shown that DOM can indicate the biogeochemical intensity in water bodies, further identifying the main factors influencing the distribution and transformation processes of nitrate content, providing a basis for mitigating eutrophication in estuarine areas.