Marine pollution bulletin最新文献

Combining the cumulative impact and marine use conflict-synergy assessment for identifying priority potential conservation areas for estuarine spatial planning 结合累积影响和海洋使用冲突-协同评估，确定河口空间规划的优先潜在保护区

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119201

Ziyu Zhu , Cong Zeng , Wenhui Yang , Wenbo Cai , Wanting Peng , Chengzhao Wu

Estuarine ecosystems worldwide are increasingly threatened by pollution and intensifying human activities, yet integrated approaches that reconcile conservation with sustainable resource use remain underdeveloped. This study addresses this gap by developing a novel framework to identify priority conservation areas in heavily polluted, multi-use estuaries. Focusing on the Yangtze River Estuary, one of the world's most impacted marine systems, we integrated a Marine Use Conflict-Synergy Assessment (MCSA) with a Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) targeting aquatic species. Here, conflict was defined as the spatial-functional incompatibility among human uses, while synergy reflected the efficiency gains from coordinated multi-use. Our results showed that pollution, shipping, and offshore infrastructure constituted the dominant pressures in the region. Approximately 87.94 % of areas with extremely high cumulative impacts overlapped with zones of high marine-use synergy, particularly in major shipping channels. Areas of pronounced use conflict were concentrated near the river mouth and within offshore wind-farm clusters. Based on a two-dimensional gradient of cumulative impact and conflict-synergy levels, five distinct conservation target types were delineated, which informed the design of an optimized marine spatial planning scheme for priority conservation. The proposed framework advances existing methodologies by operationally coupling cumulative impact and use-interaction assessments, providing a transferable approach for spatial planning adjustment in polluted, multi-stress estuaries worldwide. It thus contributes to both marine pollution science and evidence-based coastal management practice.

全球河口生态系统日益受到污染和人类活动加剧的威胁，但协调保护与可持续资源利用的综合方法仍然不发达。本研究通过开发一种新的框架来确定严重污染的多用途河口的优先保护区，从而解决了这一差距。长江口是世界上受影响最大的海洋生态系统之一，我们将海洋利用冲突-协同评估（MCSA）与水生物种累积影响评估（CIA）相结合。在这里，冲突被定义为人类使用之间的空间功能不相容，而协同则反映了多种协调使用带来的效率收益。研究结果表明，污染、航运和海上基础设施构成了该地区的主要压力。约87.94%的累积影响极高的地区与海洋用途协同作用高的地区重叠，特别是在主要航道上。有明显使用冲突的地区集中在河口附近和海上风电场群内。基于累积影响和冲突协同水平的二维梯度，划分了五种不同的保护目标类型，为优先保护的海洋空间规划优化方案的设计提供了依据。提出的框架通过将累积影响和利用-相互作用评估在操作上结合起来，促进了现有方法的发展，为全球受污染的多应力河口的空间规划调整提供了一种可转移的方法。因此，它有助于海洋污染科学和基于证据的海岸管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Pollution risk exposure assessment for Portugal and the Baltic Sea with an emphasis on shadow fleets 葡萄牙和波罗的海的污染风险暴露评估，重点是影子舰队

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119210

Sabine Knapp, Michel van de Velden, Philip Hans Franses

Recent geopolitical developments influence trade flows and risk exposure of shipping. This comprehensive study based on 45.2 million estimates of the global fleet quantifies the change in pollution risk exposure in the Baltic Sea Area and Portugal with an emphasis on the emerging shadow fleets. Risk exposure is expressed as potential incident costs calculated at the ship level. We construct a shadow fleet watchlist based on designated lists and supplemented by a prediction model based on balanced random forests. We evaluate the prediction power of operational and behavioral aspects of vessels. The results confirm that safety qualities are strongly correlated with sanction compliance and that trade flows and safety qualities of vessel trading out of the Baltic Area have changed. Pollution risk exposure increased by over 100% in the Gulf of Finland and from 2023 to 2024 and over 54% of pollution risk exposure is associated with vessel on our watchlist compared to a global average of 16.4%. Furthermore, we predict a monthly projected increase of 2.7% for this region. As of December 2024, an estimated total risk exposure from all ship types of USD 68.8 million USD (9.9% of the regional total) is potentially not covered by insurance in the Baltic Area. To improve intelligence applications for coastal states, ship specific risk predictions can be with live AIS data to enhance domain awareness. The results help maritime stakeholders better understand the magnitude and change in risk exposure in general and due to the emerging shadow fleet.

最近的地缘政治发展影响了贸易流动和航运风险。这项综合研究基于对全球船队的4520万份估计，量化了波罗的海地区和葡萄牙污染风险暴露的变化，重点是新兴的影子船队。风险敞口表示为在船舶层面计算的潜在事故成本。我们在指定名单的基础上构建了一个影子舰队观察名单，并辅以基于平衡随机森林的预测模型。我们评估船舶的操作和行为方面的预测能力。结果证实，安全质量与制裁遵守情况密切相关，波罗的海地区以外的贸易流量和船舶贸易的安全质量发生了变化。芬兰湾的污染风险暴露增加了100%以上，从2023年到2024年，超过54%的污染风险暴露与我们观察名单上的船只有关，而全球平均水平为16.4%。此外，我们预计该地区每月预计增长2.7%。截至2024年12月，波罗的海地区所有船型的风险暴露总额估计为6880万美元（占该地区总额的9.9%），可能不在保险范围内。为了改善沿海国家的智能应用，可以使用实时AIS数据进行船舶特定风险预测，以增强领域意识。研究结果有助于海事利益相关者更好地了解总体风险暴露的程度和变化，以及由于影子船队的出现。

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引用次数: 0

A systematic review of aquatic contamination biomarkers in seabirds and their potential for ocean health monitoring 海鸟体内水生污染生物标志物的系统综述及其在海洋健康监测中的潜力

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119234

Patricia Pereira Serafini , Vera Helena Vidal Dias , Daína Lima , Deivid Medeiros da Costa , Guilherme de Espindola da Silveira , Marcia Eduarda Geraldo , Vanessa Schadeck Deconto , Leandro Bugoni , Afonso Celso Dias Bainy , Karim Hahn Lüchmann

Seabirds are long-lived apex predators that serve as key sentinels of ocean health, integrating contaminant exposure across trophic levels. This systematic review synthesises 275 peer-reviewed studies on biomarkers of aquatic contamination in seabirds, with 124 (45.1%) published in the last decade and the earliest dating back to 1976. Most studies focused on biomarkers associated with organic contaminants (64.0%), metal(loid)s (19.6%), or both (8.0%). Blood was the predominant biological matrix (55.6%), reflecting its suitability for non-lethal monitoring, followed by liver tissue (40.7%), primarily used to assess detoxification pathways. Unlike previous reviews that focused exclusively on molecular biomarkers or synthesised the use of biomarkers across broad aquatic taxa, this study provides the first global, cross-disciplinary synthesis integrating biochemical, cellular, molecular and physiological biomarkers specifically in seabirds. Across the dataset, biomarkers of xenobiotic biotransformation were the most frequently investigated (32.0% of studies), followed by endocrine disruption (20.3%) and oxidative stress (14.9%). A key gap identified was the limited application of biomarkers in the Southern Hemisphere species. Results highlighted the need to incorporate omics approaches, such as transcriptomics and proteomics to improve understanding of sublethal toxicity of aquatic contaminants. Coupling these approaches with non-lethal sampling in ecologically diverse sentinel species and mapping of global contamination hotspots offers a path toward developing sensitive, reproducible indicators of marine environmental health. Collectively, these findings provide an evidence-based framework to guide monitoring programmes and targeted capacity building in underrepresented regions, strengthening transboundary assessment of contaminants impacts and regulatory actions in marine ecosystems.

海鸟是长寿的顶级掠食者，它们是海洋健康的关键哨兵，整合了营养水平上的污染物暴露。本系统综述综合了275项关于海鸟水生污染生物标志物的同行评议研究，其中124项（45.1%）发表于过去十年，最早可追溯到1976年。大多数研究集中在与有机污染物（64.0%），金属（样）s（19.6%）或两者（8.0%）相关的生物标志物上。血液是主要的生物基质（55.6%），反映了其对非致死监测的适用性，其次是肝组织（40.7%），主要用于评估解毒途径。与以往的综述只关注分子生物标志物或在广泛的水生分类群中合成生物标志物不同，本研究提供了第一个综合生物化学、细胞、分子和生理生物标志物的全球跨学科合成，特别是在海鸟中。在整个数据集中，外源生物转化的生物标志物是最常被研究的（32.0%的研究），其次是内分泌干扰（20.3%）和氧化应激（14.9%）。发现的一个关键差距是生物标志物在南半球物种中的应用有限。结果强调需要结合组学方法，如转录组学和蛋白质组学，以提高对水生污染物亚致死毒性的理解。将这些方法与生态多样性哨兵物种的非致死采样和全球污染热点的测绘相结合，为开发敏感、可复制的海洋环境健康指标提供了一条途径。总的来说，这些发现提供了一个以证据为基础的框架，以指导代表性不足地区的监测方案和有针对性的能力建设，加强污染物影响的跨界评估和海洋生态系统的监管行动。

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引用次数: 0

An innovative acid treatment system for biofouling control in Neopyropia aquaculture rafts 一种新型酸处理系统用于控制新斜眼养殖筏体的生物污染

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119295

Mingyuan Wen , Yuqing Sun , Runze Chen , Faqing He , Zehua Chen , Huanhong Ji , Lihua Xia , Yutao Qin , Peimin He , Jianheng Zhang

In order to explore a more efficient method for removing green algae from Neopropia yezoensis rafts in aquaculture, we modified an acid treatment vessel by loading a kind of mixed acid to remove Ulva species attached to N. yezoensis aquaculture rafts.By analyzing the algae tissue damage, biomass changes, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and attached algae population changes, the removal effect of acid treatment device equipped with mixed acid solution on the removal of attached Ulva spp. on the N. yezoensis aquaculture rafts was evaluated.The results showed that using an acid treatment vessel loaded with a pH = 0.8 mixed acid solution to treat the entire row of N. yezoensis aquaculture rafts (taking 7 min and 30 s) can reduce the biomass of green algae on the rafts net curtain by more than 95%, and will not have any adverse effects on N. yezoensis. This study verified that the acid treatment vessel using a mixed acid solution can effectively remove attached green algae on N.yezoensis aquaculture rafts. The aim is to develop and improve the technology for removing attached green algae during the aquaculture cycle, and to maximize the recovery of the mixed acid solution through a spray system. This not only reduces the biomass of Ulva spp. into the Yellow Sea green tide, but also minimizes the adverse effects of chemical control on the environment.

为了探索一种更有效的去除水产养殖中绿藻的方法，我们对酸处理容器进行了改造，通过装载一种混合酸来去除附着在水产养殖筏上的Ulva。通过分析藻的组织损伤、生物量变化、光合荧光特性和附着藻种群变化，评价了配以混合酸溶液的酸处理装置对叶藻养殖筏上附着藻的去除效果。结果表明，采用载pH = 0.8混合酸溶液的酸处理容器对整排叶藻养殖筏进行处理（时间为7 min和30 s），可使筏网帘上绿藻生物量减少95%以上，且对叶藻无不良影响。本研究验证了采用混合酸溶液的酸处理容器能有效去除叶藻养殖筏上附着的绿藻。目的是开发和改进在水产养殖周期中去除附着绿藻的技术，并通过喷雾系统最大限度地回收混合酸溶液。这不仅减少了进入黄海绿潮的藻藻生物量，而且最大限度地减少了化学防治对环境的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Pollution and health risks of antibiotics in marine food webs from the South China Sea 南海海洋食物网中抗生素的污染和健康风险

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119280

Yunjie Wei , Shaolong Zhang , Xiaomin Wu , Qingshi Chen , Jinhui Wang , Shuzhen Han , Yan-Er Cai , Yuwen Wang , Wenhua Liu , Zhen Wang

Antibiotics are widely distributed in the environment and pose potential threats to adjacent marine ecosystems. However, limited information is available regarding their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in subtropical marine food webs. This study investigated the contamination profiles and health risks of 25 antibiotics across 39 marine species in the South China Sea. Thirteen antibiotics were detected in seawater, and 17 antibiotics were identified in marine species. The median bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) across all organisms ranged from 20.9 (oxytetracycline) to 58,900 (minocycline). The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of chlortetracycline and ampicillin were below 1.0, indicating trophic dilution. A positive correlation between the pH-dependent distribution coefficient (Log_Dow) and TMF indicates that Log_Dow serves as a reliable predictor for TMFs of ionizable antibiotics within marine ecosystems. Although the hazard indices for antibiotics in fish, crustaceans, and mollusks were below 1.0, long-term health risks associated with seafood consumption should be further investigated.

抗生素在环境中广泛分布，对邻近的海洋生态系统构成潜在威胁。然而，关于它们在亚热带海洋食物网中的生物积累和营养转移的信息有限。本研究调查了中国南海39种海洋生物中25种抗生素的污染状况和健康风险。海水中检出13种抗生素，海洋生物中检出17种抗生素。所有生物的中位生物积累因子（baf）范围从20.9（土霉素）到58,900（米诺环素）。金四环素和氨苄西林的营养放大因子（TMFs）均小于1.0，提示营养稀释。ph依赖分布系数（LogDow）与海洋生态系统中可电离抗生素的TMF呈正相关，表明LogDow可作为海洋生态系统中可电离抗生素TMF的可靠预测因子。尽管鱼类、甲壳类和软体动物的抗生素危害指数低于1.0，但应进一步调查与海鲜消费相关的长期健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Bioavailability-informed sediment assessment in the transboundary Begej Canal: A comparative evaluation of active and passive methods 跨境贝格吉河流域生物利用度泥沙评价：主动和被动方法的比较评价

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119299

Đorđe Pejin , Slaven Tenodi , Brent G. Pautler , Dunja Rađenović Veselić , Tijana Stojanović , Kristiana Zrnić Tenodi , Dejan Krčmar , Dragana Tomašević Pilipović

Sediments act as both sinks and potential secondary sources of heavy metals in aquatic systems, playing a key role in ecological risk dynamics and contaminant cycling. This study assessed sediment quality in the Begej Canal (Serbia) by combining conventional (pseudo-total and sequential extraction) and passive sampling with multiple contamination and risk indices. Pseudo-total analyses revealed elevated chromium, cadmium, lead, and zinc. Hakanson's framework indicated a moderate cumulative ecological risk (RI = 270.8), dominated by cadmium (high ERⁱ), while consensus PEC-Q values highlighted chromium, lead, and zinc as principal contributors to biological-effect potential. Sequential extraction confirmed enhanced mobility of cadmium and lead. In contrast, SPeeper™ passive samplers measured consistently lower freely dissolved concentrations of metals. The interstitial water criteria toxic unit (IWCTU) index (0.01117) remained well below threshold, and the Single Factor Pollution Index (SFPI) classified sediments as unpolluted based on bioavailable fractions (0.54), versus moderate pollution from pseudo-total content (3.22). These results emphasize that pore-water extraction and bulk analyses can overestimate hazard by disrupting equilibria, whereas equilibrium-based passive methods yield a more ecologically realistic assessment. Overall, although the Begej Canal remains impacted by heavy metals, the continuously bioavailable fraction poses negligible ecological risk. The combined application of active and passive sampling with complementary indices provides a transferable framework for distinguishing between potential mobility and actual exposure. This approach supports balanced sediment management and contributes to EU Water Framework Directive efforts to integrate bioavailability into sediment quality assessment across the Danube Basin.

沉积物既是水体系统中重金属的汇，也是潜在的二次源，在生态风险动态和污染物循环中起着关键作用。本研究结合常规（伪总采样和顺序采样）和被动采样，采用多重污染和风险指标对塞尔维亚贝尔格运河的沉积物质量进行了评估。伪总量分析显示铬、镉、铅和锌含量升高。Hakanson的框架显示了中等累积生态风险（RI = 270.8），主要是镉（高ERi），而一致的PEC-Q值强调了铬，铅和锌是生物效应潜在的主要贡献者。序贯萃取证实镉和铅的流动性增强。相比之下，SPeeper™被动采样器测量的金属自由溶解浓度始终较低。间隙水标准毒性单位（IWCTU）指数（0.01117）仍远低于阈值，单因素污染指数（SFPI）根据生物有效组分将沉积物分类为未污染（0.54），而根据伪总含量将沉积物分类为中度污染（3.22）。这些结果强调，孔隙水提取和体积分析可能会因破坏平衡而高估危害，而基于平衡的被动方法则会产生更现实的生态评估。总体而言，尽管贝格吉运河仍然受到重金属的影响，但持续的生物可利用部分构成的生态风险可以忽略不计。主动和被动采样与互补指数的联合应用为区分潜在迁移率和实际暴露提供了一个可转移的框架。这种方法支持平衡沉积物管理，并有助于欧盟水框架指令将生物利用度纳入多瑙河流域沉积物质量评估。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the diversity of microalgal harmful species in Chile through multidisciplinary characterization 通过多学科表征揭示智利微藻有害物种的多样性

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119252

Javier Paredes-Mella , Delfina Aguiar Juárez , Ana Flores-Leñero , Gonzalo Fuenzalida , Luis Norambuena , Jorge I. Mardones , Juan Maulén , Bernd Krock , Oscar Espinoza-González , Leonardo Guzmán

Along Chile's extensive coastline, multiple harmful algal bloom (HAB) species have been recorded, including toxic, ichthyotoxic, and high-biomass. However, several relevant taxa remain underreported or insufficiently characterized, particularly athecate, small-sized species and members of the Kareniaceae family. In this study, we investigated the diversity of harmful microalgal species that have been previously overlooked along the Chilean coast and evaluate its toxicological properties. A total of 14 strains were isolated from different locations and characterized using genetic, morphological, pigmentary, cytotoxic, and toxin-based analyses. Here, we report for the first time in Chilean waters the presence of Karlodinium veneficum and Takayama helix (Kareniaceae), as well as Gymnodinium aureolum, Biecheleria cincta (Dinophyceae), and the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. In addition, Prorocentrum micans and Lepidodinium chlorophorum were further characterized. K. veneficum exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, even in the absence of identified toxins. In contrast, most strains showed low cytotoxicity and no detectable toxins, however, some of these species have been linked to fish mortality, suggesting the involvement of alternative harmful mechanisms, such as modifications of water rheology. These findings substantially broaden the current baseline of HAB diversity in Chile, underscore the need to integrate these small, athecate and historically overlooked taxa into routine monitoring and early-warning programs, and provide fundamental knowledge for risk assessment during HAB events.

沿着智利广阔的海岸线，记录了多种有害藻华（HAB）物种，包括有毒，鱼毒性和高生物量。然而，一些相关的分类群仍然未被充分报道或未充分表征，特别是鹿角蕨科，小型种和成员。在这项研究中，我们调查了智利沿岸以前被忽视的有害微藻物种的多样性，并评估了其毒理学特性。从不同地点分离到14株菌株，采用遗传、形态、色素、细胞毒性和毒素分析对其进行了鉴定。在这里，我们首次报道了智利水域中存在Karlodinium veneficum和Takayama helix (Kareniaceae)，以及Gymnodinium aureolum， Biecheleria cinta （Dinophyceae）和硅藻thalassisira pseudonana。此外，还对micans原心菌和chlorophorum Lepidodinium进行了进一步鉴定。即使在没有确定毒素的情况下，veneficum也表现出最高的细胞毒性。相比之下，大多数菌株表现出低细胞毒性，没有可检测到的毒素，然而，其中一些物种与鱼类死亡有关，这表明涉及其他有害机制，例如水流变学的改变。这些发现大大拓宽了目前智利赤潮多样性的基线，强调了将这些小型的、罕见的、历史上被忽视的分类群纳入常规监测和预警计划的必要性，并为赤潮事件期间的风险评估提供了基础知识。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and concentration of agricultural phytosanitary residues in bivalve mollusks collected from Golfo Nuevo, Argentina 阿根廷新海湾采集的双壳类软体动物中农业植物检疫残留物的发生和浓度

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119298

Camila Frydman , Cintia Gonzales , Natalia Pesquero , Maria Juana Ruiz , Elena S. Barbieri , Marina Mozgovoj , Diego Cristos

Agricultural phytosanitary products reach coastal bivalve mollusks via surface runoff and the deposition of wind-borne dust. We evaluated the occurrence and concentration ranges of 57 commonly used phytosanitary compounds in bivalve mollusks from three sampling sites in Golfo Nuevo, Chubut Province, Argentina. All soft tissues were homogenized and extracted using a modified QuEChERS protocol. Extracts were subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Based on the analyses, all samples contained at least one pesticide residue. Of the 57 compounds investigated, 28 exceeded the European Union's default maximum residue limit of 10 μg kg⁻¹, this value is used here as a comparative benchmark in the absence of specific limits for bivalves, and it does not necessarily represent a toxicological threshold for marine organisms. Herbicides were the most prevalent class and consistently presented the highest concentrations across the three-year study period, followed by fungicides and, to a lesser extent, insecticides. These findings provide the first systematic baseline of phytosanitary contamination-mediated by both atmospheric deposition and runoff-in bivalve mollusks from Golfo Nuevo and highlight the need for integrated monitoring and risk management strategies.

农业植物检疫产品通过地表径流和风尘沉积到达沿海双壳类软体动物体内。对阿根廷丘布特省新海湾3个采样点的57种常用植物检疫化合物在双壳类软体动物中的发生情况和浓度范围进行了评价。所有软组织均质，并使用改进的QuEChERS协议提取。提取液采用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。根据分析，所有样品至少含有一种农药残留。在被调查的57种化合物中，有28种超过了欧盟的默认最大残留限量10 μg kg - 1，该值在没有双壳类动物的具体限量时用作比较基准，并不一定代表海洋生物的毒理学阈值。除草剂是最普遍的一类，并且在三年的研究期间始终呈现最高的浓度，其次是杀菌剂，其次是杀虫剂。这些发现为新海湾的大气沉降和径流双壳类软体动物介导的植物检疫污染提供了第一个系统基线，并强调了综合监测和风险管理策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones: Accumulation, effects, and knowledge gaps 海葵中的金属生态毒性：积累、效应和知识空白

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119241

Juliano M. Vilke , Deborah M. Power , Cármen S.V. de Sousa , Nélia C. Mestre

Metals are a major class of legacy pollutants that end up in marine ecosystems, posing a significant threat to marine biota, including sea anemones. The current review critically synthesises studies published over the last 50 years on the uptake, tissue distribution, and biological effects of 20 metals across 18 sea anemone species in both field and laboratory settings, including interactions with climate change stressors (salinity and pH). Field studies have focused on bioaccumulation and report the high capacity of sea anemones to accumulate metals, mainly iron and barium, primarily in the pedal disk. Laboratory exposure studies reveal a dose- and time-dependent accumulation and highlight that symbionts take up and store essential metals (Cu, Fe, and Mn) due to their key biological roles. Available data point to Exaiptasia pallida as a promising model for metal ecotoxicology. Across studies, metals elicit alterations at molecular to behavioural/morphological levels, including transcriptome reprogramming, oxidative stress, and detoxification failures, as well as genotoxicity, cellular injury, immune dysfunction, metabolic and morphological disruption, reproductive impairment, and bleaching, which are generally amplified by climate change stressors. Ultimately, this review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future research directions on metal ecotoxicity in sea anemones. Collectively, these insights position sea anemones as informative sentinels of metal contamination in marine ecosystems.

金属是一种主要的遗留污染物，最终进入海洋生态系统，对包括海葵在内的海洋生物群构成重大威胁。本综述综合了过去50年来在野外和实验室环境中发表的关于18种海葵中20种金属的吸收、组织分布和生物效应的研究，包括与气候变化压力源（盐度和pH值）的相互作用。实地研究的重点是生物积累，并报道了海葵积累金属的高能力，主要是铁和钡，主要是在脚盘。实验室暴露研究揭示了剂量和时间依赖性积累，并强调共生体由于其关键的生物学作用而吸收和储存必需金属（Cu， Fe和Mn）。现有数据表明，苍白豆是一种很有前途的金属生态毒理学模型。在研究中，金属引起分子到行为/形态水平的改变，包括转录组重编程、氧化应激和解毒失败，以及遗传毒性、细胞损伤、免疫功能障碍、代谢和形态破坏、生殖损伤和漂白，这些通常被气候变化应激源放大。最后，本文总结了海葵金属生态毒性研究的主要空白，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。总的来说，这些见解将海葵定位为海洋生态系统中金属污染的信息哨兵。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal effects on the degradation potential of oil recovered from a 50 year old shipwreck 一艘50年历史的沉船中回收的石油降解潜力的季节效应

IF 4.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Marine pollution bulletin

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119286

Alice C. Ortmann, Ho Yin Poon, Brian Robinson, Thomas L. King

Two different oils, a Bunker C heavy fuel oil and a marine diesel-type oil, were recovered from the M/V Schiedyk 53 years after sinking. Microcosm experiments to quantify their degradation potential, potential toxicity and the microbial response to oiling were conducted in 4 seasons. Incubations lasted 21 or 28 d without additional nutrients and with low (<200 ppm) oil concentrations. The recovered oils showed no indication of prior weathering. Abiotic degradation rate constants indicate faster removal of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) (0.037 d⁻¹ ± 0.024 (n = 237)) compared to n-alkanes (0.006 d⁻¹ ± 0.002 (n = 60)). Biodegradation rate constants could rarely be calculated (n = 53 total). Abiotic losses of n-alkanes from marine diesel were 15× higher than with Bunker C. Losses of parent PACs (0.64% ± 1.70) were lower than losses of alkylated PACs (10.85% ± 19.51), which had lowest losses in winter. Potential toxicity of the oils remained high throughout the incubations, with higher toxicity associated with marine diesel (76.9% ± 3.2) compared to Bunker C (65.7% ± 4.3). Although little biodegradation was observed and no bloom of prokaryotes occurred, taxa associated with aerobic degradation of both n-alkanes and PACs increased. The identity of the taxa varied with season, reflecting differences in temperature and nutrient status. The lack of detectable biodegradation is likely associated with nutrient limitation. Overall, the results suggest oil recovered from shipwrecks after half a century may have limited weathering and some susceptibility to abiotic degradation with biodegradation depending on the local temperature and nutrient concentrations.

两种不同的油，一种是Bunker C重燃料油，一种是船用柴油型油，在沉没53年后从M/V Schiedyk中回收。通过4个季节的微观实验，量化了它们的降解潜力、潜在毒性和微生物对油脂的反应。孵育持续了21或28 d，没有额外的营养和低（<200 ppm）的油浓度。回收的油没有显示出先前风化的迹象。非生物降解速率常数表明，与正烷烃（0.006 d−1±0.002 (n = 60)）相比，多环芳香族化合物（PACs）（0.037 d−1±0.024 (n = 237)）的去除速度更快。很少能计算出生物降解速率常数（n = 53）。船用柴油中正构烷烃的非生物损失量是Bunker c的15倍，亲本PACs的损失量（0.64%±1.70）低于烷基化PACs的损失量（10.85%±19.51），烷基化PACs的损失量在冬季最低。在整个孵育过程中，这些油的潜在毒性仍然很高，与船用柴油（65.7%±4.3）相比，船用柴油的毒性更高（76.9%±3.2）。虽然几乎没有观察到生物降解，也没有发生原核生物华，但与正烷烃和PACs有氧降解相关的分类群增加了。分类群的特征随季节而变化，反映了温度和营养状况的差异。缺乏可检测的生物降解可能与营养限制有关。总的来说，研究结果表明，半个世纪后从沉船中回收的石油可能风化有限，并且对非生物降解有一定的敏感性，生物降解取决于当地的温度和营养物质浓度。

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引用次数: 0