Association between small for gestational age and motor coordination difficulties in children aged 5–6 years: Insights from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Brain & Development Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI:10.1016/j.braindev.2024.10.004

Maki Tojo , Hiroyoshi Iwata , Naomi Tamura , Takeshi Yamaguchi , Kenji J. Tsuchiya , Satoshi Suyama , Taku Obara , Akio Nakai , Toshio Yoshikawa , Toyoki Yamagata , Mariko Itoh , Keiko Yamazaki , Sumitaka Kobayashi , Reiko Kishi

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Abstract

Background

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) presents motor skill delays in early childhood and has been associated with later maladaptation, necessitating early intervention. However, research on the potential risk factors, particularly in preschool-aged children, remains scarce.

Aims

We aimed to explore the association between small for gestational age (SGA) and other factors and motor coordination problems in 5–6-year-olds from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health Cohort.

Study design

Prospective.

Subjects

We analyzed data from >3500 participants from the Hokkaido Study, a prospective birth cohort, and assessed children aged 5–6 years.

Outcome measures

Participants underwent assessment with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire Japanese version (DCDQ-J). We conducted linear regression analyses adjusted for variables such as the child's sex, maternal age, and maternal smoking history during pregnancy, while also examining the independent associations of each risk factor.

Results

Among the 3883 children analyzed for SGA, children with SGA exhibited significantly lower DCDQ-J total scores than non-SGA children (mean difference: −2.25, 95 % confidence interval [−4.19, −0.30], p = 0.02). On the subscales, children with SGA demonstrated significantly lower “Control During Movement” scores than non-SGA children (mean difference: −0.96, 95 % confidence interval [−1.78, −0.13], p = 0.02). Furthermore, the child's sex, maternal smoking, maternal age, and preterm birth were independently associated with DCD.

Conclusions

SGA was shown to be one of the risk factors for the manifestation of motor coordination difficulties in 5–6-years old children. In combination with other factors, screening for motor coordination difficulties in SGA children will be an important means of initiating appropriate interventions.

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胎龄小与 5-6 岁儿童运动协调困难之间的关系：北海道环境与儿童健康研究的启示。

背景：发育协调障碍（DCD）表现为幼儿期的运动技能迟缓，并与日后的适应不良有关，因此有必要进行早期干预。目的：我们旨在探讨北海道环境与儿童健康队列研究（Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health Cohort）中 5-6 岁儿童的胎龄小（SGA）和其他因素与运动协调障碍之间的关系：研究设计：前瞻性：我们分析了前瞻性出生队列 "北海道研究 "中超过 3500 名参与者的数据，并对 5-6 岁儿童进行了评估：参与者接受了发育协调障碍问卷日语版（DCDQ-J）的评估。我们进行了线性回归分析，对儿童性别、母亲年龄和母亲孕期吸烟史等变量进行了调整，同时还研究了各风险因素之间的独立关联：在分析的3883名SGA患儿中，SGA患儿的DCDQ-J总分明显低于非SGA患儿（平均差异：-2.25，95%置信区间[-4.19, -0.30]，P = 0.02）。在各分量表中，SGA 儿童的 "运动中的控制能力 "得分明显低于非 SGA 儿童（平均差异：-0.96，95 % 置信区间 [-1.78, -0.13]，p = 0.02）。此外，儿童的性别、母亲吸烟、母亲年龄和早产都与 DCD 有独立关联：结论：SGA 是 5-6 岁儿童出现运动协调障碍的风险因素之一。结合其他因素，筛查 SGA 儿童的运动协调障碍将是启动适当干预措施的重要手段。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Brain & Development 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

153

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Brain and Development (ISSN 0387-7604) is the Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology, and is aimed to promote clinical child neurology and developmental neuroscience. The journal is devoted to publishing Review Articles, Full Length Original Papers, Case Reports and Letters to the Editor in the field of Child Neurology and related sciences. Proceedings of meetings, and professional announcements will be published at the Editor''s discretion. Letters concerning articles published in Brain and Development and other relevant issues are also welcome.