Efficient Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Management: Dual Battery Energy Storage Empowered by Bidirectional DC–DC Converter

Abstract

This work offers a fuel cell power system with the ability to distribute power to the load from the electrical source and charge an auxiliary battery utilizing regenerative power flows created by the load. The approach is established on a bidirectional closed-loop DC converter. A bidirectional DC–DC converter is presented as a means of achieving extremely high voltage energy storage systems (ESSs) for a DC bus or supply of electricity in power applications. This paper presents a novel dual-active-bridge (DAB) bidirectional DC–DC converter power management system for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proposed system makes it possible to charge an additional battery with regenerative power flows and distributes power from the electrical source to the load efficiently. The two main stages of the DAB converter, which are the focus of this work, are an interleaved buck/boost converter on the battery and a three-phase wye-wye series resonating converter on the DC bus. Each switch's current stress is greatly reduced by this design, which lowers transmission losses and enhances thermal performance. The interleaved buck conversion on the battery allows for lesser current stress in each switch, resulting in lower transmission loss. The increasing complexity and power of automotive embedded electronic systems have made the use of more potent power electronic converters in automobiles necessary. In recent years, many dual volt (42 V/14 V) bidirectional inverter topologies for automotive systems have been presented. However, the majority of them are either inefficient or use a huge number of transistors and magnetic devices in both parallel and series arrangements. As a result, in this study, a bidirectional high-efficiency inverter with fewer components is provided. The design, modes of operation, and performance metrics of the DAB converter are examined, emphasizing its ability to achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) throughout its operating range. The suggested system seeks to maximize EV power management, guaranteeing high dependability and efficiency. To test all of the aforementioned qualities, an evaluation version was created, with an average efficiency of 97.5%. This research could have a substantial impact on the advancement of power electronic converters for automotive applications, leading to better EV power management, increased system reliability, and increased overall efficiency.