Energy Storage最新文献

This study investigates the potential of using phase change material (PCM) in a building using an air handling unit (AHU) assisted by solar energy. To further enhance the system, an energy storage system (ESS) can be considered. Implementing ESS would allow the captured solar energy to be stored efficiently, ensuring a continuous and reliable power source for cooling or heating the air, even during non-sunlight hours. The air-conditioned zone is considered to be 220 m² in which 30 people work for 12 h a day. An energy analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of energy and exergy loss. The genetic algorithm (GA) method is used to optimize the system. The results indicate that the system, including PCM and solar system, can reduce energy consumption by up to 8.9% compared to conventional AHUs in the hottest month of the year (July). The results indicated that employing PCM leads to a decrease of 124 kWh in heat loss during January and 229 kWh in heat gain during July. Taking into account the beneficial impacts of both PCM and the solar system, the yearly assessment demonstrates a 2.69% reduction in power demand, equating to an energy saving of 679 kWh. Furthermore, PCM in the proposed system can be used in integration with AHUs based on renewable energy systems to store renewable energy for buildings.

This study delves into the unique characteristics of an iron chloride cathode with a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) and the construction of a button cell battery (BT cell) for its evaluation. The iron ions in this system can provide either divalent or trivalent ions, which possess a higher electrical capacity (~200 mAh/g) and competitive advantages. The solid-state electrolyte materials, iron compounds (chloride, oxide), exhibit high activation in electrochemistry. After the cycle test, the ferric chloride electrolyte transforms into another iron hydroxide compound due to its high activation. The study examines iron, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃), and ferrous chloride (FeCl₂) as cathode materials and evaluates their impact on the battery. Cyclic voltammetry compares the potential and current values of the redox reactions among the three. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) explores the ferric chloride layer and iron hydroxide in ferrous chloride. The study focuses on the high electrochemical activity of the iron chloride layer and explores the crystal structure and composition for electrochemical analysis. The findings of this study are crucial for understanding the potential of iron-ion batteries and the role of iron compounds in improving battery performance.

5-Methoxy-2-mercaptobenzamidazole was used to synthesize O-ethyl-S-(5-methoxy-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) carbonothioate (OESMBIC) by the reaction with chloroacetic acid ethyl ester in a KOH solution. The reaction product (OESMBIC) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), melting point, and ¹H-NMR. The characteristic results prove the formation of the target compound with high purity. Furthermore, the work includes the synthesis of ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles via chemical methods in the high alkalinity solution. These nanoparticles were used to synthesize two novel nanocomposites named OESMBIC-ZnO and OESMBIC-TiO₂. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The results prove that the prepared titanium oxide as nanotubes with diameters ranging between 20 and 35 nm decorated with OESMBIC. The results prove that ZnO in OESMBIC-ZnO was found as nanorods with different lengths and diameters of 40–65 nm decorated with OESMBIC molecules. The as-prepared compounds; OESMBIC, OESMBIC-ZnO, and OESMBIC-TiO₂ were used for the hydrogen storage application using the VTI method. The results prove that the addition of ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles enhanced the storage ability of OESMBIC as the OESMBIC gave only 0.50 wt% at an equilibrium pressure of 40 bar, while it reached 2.40 and 4.37 wt% at equilibrium pressures of 60 and 75 bar for OESMBIC-ZnO and OESMBIC-TiO₂, respectively.

The majority of the water on Earth roughly 97% is contaminated or salty, only 3% is fresh water, and only 1% of pure water is easily available for human use. In rural areas and remote locations suffering from pure drinking water scarcity.Water purification techniques are generally dependent on electricity, which relies on coal and gas plants, these poses a risk to the environment and society. Solar desalination is being recognized as the most practical way to deal with the scarcity of pure drinking water in all aspects of sustainable development. This paper describes the creation of a single slope solar still (SSSS) using opaque and crystal-clear toughened glass with a thickness of 6 mm as a cover and also another setup of a single slope phase change material (PCM)-based solar still (MSSSS). In this paper, a flat plate solar collector coupled with water heater is used to enhance the productivity of still. In this study, an experimental model has been developed to experimentally analyze exercise productivity performance of SSSS and MSSSS of MMIT Kushinagar, India on April 10, 2023 to April 15, 2023. Combination of stearic acid, lauric acid, and paraffin wax combined with CuO (nanoadditive) is used to enhance the solar still productivity. Also, basin temperature for different PCM's such as paraffin wax, lauric acid, and stearic acid are compared. Different combinations of PCM's and nanoadditives are compared to find the better productivity. It is observed that maximum output is obtained at 3:00 p.m. afternoon on experimental setup. Paraffin wax, stearic acid, and lauric acid still increases productivity by 38.8%, 20.3%, and 30.5%, respectively, when compared to simple solar still. On experimentation of various combinations, it is found that the use of PCM paraffin wax and nanoadditives CuO gives 55% better productivity compared to other combinations. This innovative system is suitable and ideal for desalinating water in isolated and rural locations with low traffic and limited demand.

Environmental concerns and energy security are pressing issues of the 21st century, with a heavy reliance on fossil fuels causing significant environmental pollution and resource depletion. To mitigate these problems, it is crucial to explore and implement alternative clean energy sources. This manuscript proposes a novel crayfish optimization algorithm (COA) for optimal scheduling in a hybrid power system that incorporates various renewable energy sources, like battery energy storage systems (BESS), fuel cells (FC), wind turbines (WT), micro turbines (MT) and photovoltaic (PV) panels. The importance of the work lies in its ability to optimize the entire operating costs of a grid-connected microgrid while improving the accuracy and efficiency of energy management. The COA method addresses economic dispatch problems and manages energy within the grid-connected microgrid, accounting for high levels of uncertainty. The proposed approach, tested using MATLAB Simulink, achieved a cost value of 252, outperforming existing methods such as GTO, PSO, SSA, and ALO. This illustrates the potential of the proposed technique to provide more cost-effective and efficient energy management solutions in hybrid power systems.

This current investigation involves an experimental inspection of adding porous medium and phase change material (PCM) above the absorber surface to enhance the performance of a single slope and single basin solar water distiller system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of adding porous medium and PCM, the performance of the modified system and conventional system is compared under similar operating conditions. The system that uses porous medium and PCM is called MSS-FPP, whereas the conventional system is called MSS-F. Rectangular fins are fixed above the absorber plate for both models. For MSS-FPP model, three different types of porous medium (stones, nuts, and black glass balls) are used in addition to paraffin wax filled inside circular tubes as a PCM. The data are collected in November and December 2023 in Mosul City, Iraq. The experiments are carried out under different water depths. The findings confirm that the performance of MSS-FPP model is better than MSS-F model by 41.32% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.61% (for water depth 5 cm). The results also indicated that the water productivity of MSS-FPP model is higher than MSS-F model by 41.67% (for water depth 3 cm) and 30.65% (for water depth 5 cm). For MSS-FPP model, the maximum water productivity and efficiency are obtained when using black glass balls as compared to nuts and stones types, where the highest water temperature and water productivity values are found equal 54°C and 1.01 kg/m² for water depth 3 cm. The enhancement in the performance of modified solar water distiller system (MSS-FPP) shows that using a porous medium and PCM has considerable impacts on the evaporation rate, heat exchange, and rate of heat transfer.

In this study, we present a strategy of synergistic lowest-temperature annealing, and solvent-casting to synthesize Fe-doped ZnO anchored porous activated carbon-based ternary nanocomposite for asymmetric supercapacitor applications with an extended potential window of 1.2 V. The prepared nanocomposite shows a “stacked-table” like morphology with pores in the surface and walls of the carbon matrix. The incorporation of Fe-doped ZnO onto the carbon skeleton improves the conductivity by controlling morphology and specific capacitances through fast electron transfer property. The prepared nanocomposite delivers a specific capacitance of ~930 Fg⁻¹ at 1 Ag⁻¹. The fabricated ASC device delivers the specific capacitance of ~480 Fg⁻¹, energy and power density of ~266.6 Whkg⁻¹ and ~1998.5 Wkg⁻¹ at a current of 1 and 10 Ag⁻¹ respectively, respectively maintaining its remarkable capacitance of about 98.5% across 10 000 cycles. This superior performance can be attributed to the significant contact between the positive/negative electrode and the electrolyte which reduces the pathway of the diffused ions and enhances the conductivity of the porous carbon material aiding the electrons to travel towards the current collector. The low-temperature annealing and solvent casting strategy pave the way for the use of facile synthesis of Fe-doped ZnO as an efficient material for high-power supercapacitor applications.

This study investigates the thermal properties of lauric acid (LA) as a phase change material (PCM) using the K-Means clustering method to analyze the melting characteristics. This study focuses on the optimization of PCMs using a hybrid methodology of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and K-Means clustering. LA, enhanced with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, was evaluated for its thermal performance. LA's suitability as a PCM is evaluated based on initial temperature, heating rate, final temperature, and time to melt. AHP was employed to determine the weightage for three critical outcomes: latent heat, melting point, and thermal conductivity. The weightages assigned were 59%, 31%, and 11%, respectively, reflecting the relative importance of each outcome in assessing the efficiency of LA as a PCM. Furthermore, K-Means clustering was then applied to categorize the data based on these weighted outcomes. AHP was utilized to determine the weightage of input parameters, assigning 27% to initial temperature, 15% to heating rate, and 22% to final temperature, underscoring their significance in the analysis. The optimal input conditions identified were an initial temperature of 24.8°C, a ieating rate of 5.6°C/min, a final temperature of 81.4°C, and a time to melt of 10.6 min. These conditions resulted in optimal outcomes of 208 J/g for latent heat, a melting point of 80.9°C, and a thermal conductivity of 0.21 W/m·K. This hybrid approach provides a robust framework for optimizing PCM performance, facilitating enhanced thermal energy storage and release in practical applications.