Acoustic resonance frequency analysis for evaluating prosthetic screw stability in splinted implant-supported fixed dental prostheses: An in vitro study

Abstract

Statement of problem

Prosthetic screw loosening is a common mechanical complication of implant-supported fixed dental prostheses. Although techniques for detecting screw loosening in single implant-supported fixed dental prostheses have been reported, studies on the screw stability for splinted implant-supported fixed dental prostheses are lacking.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether acoustic resonance frequency analysis using a newly developed system could detect prosthetic screw loosening in splinted implant-supported fixed dental prostheses.

Material and methods

Maxillary and mandibular edentulous gypsum casts with screw-retained definitive fixed dental prostheses supported by 6 implants were used. A tapping simulation (0.2 N, 50 Hz) was directly applied to the buccal side of the tested screw, and a pickup device was used to collect the acoustic signals. The resonance peak frequencies of these signals were extracted by using time-frequency-domain analysis based on short-time Fourier transform. A 2-way mixed analysis of variance was performed to evaluate how jaw position and insertion torque affect resonance peak frequency. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the insertion torque and resonance peak frequency for each screw (α=.05).

Results

Deviation from the insertion torque resulted in significant changes in the resonance peak frequency within 6 to 9 kHz. Additionally, significant positive correlation between the insertion torques and resonance peak frequencies was observed for all screws (P<.05). This correlation was affected by the position of the screw within the prosthesis. Specifically, screw loosening in the posterior and anterior regions had a greater influence on the resonance peak frequency than that in the central region.

Conclusions

The acoustic resonance peak frequency shifted leftward as the screw preload torque decreased, indicating a significant correlation with screw stability. These results suggest that acoustic resonance frequency analysis can be used to detect the stability status of a single prosthetic screw in a splinted implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis conveniently and with high sensitivity.