Chemical analysis of toxic elements: total cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and inorganic arsenic in local and imported rice consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

IF 3.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Environmental Geochemistry and Health Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI:10.1007/s10653-024-02280-0

May M Alrashdi, Abby Ragazzon-Smith, Ilya Strashnov, David A Polya

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Abstract

Rice consumption is a pathway for human exposure to toxic elements. Although rice is a major staple in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) there is limited published data about its toxic element composition. Both imported and locally grown Hassawi rice in Saudi Arabia were collected, digested then analysed by HPLC-ICP-MS for inorganic arsenic (i-As) and by ICP-MS for As, Cd, Pb and Hg. Of these toxic elements, i-As was present at concentrations that might give rise to material concerns about human exposure and public health. Hassawi rice (mean 43 ± 5 µg/kg) was found to have significantly lower concentrations of i-As than imported rice (mean 73 ± 8 µg/kg). The estimated exposure of adults consuming imported rice in one KSA city reached 0.3 µg/kg-bw/day, within the margin of safety of the recently withdrawn WHO PTWI for i-As of 2.1 µg/kg-bw/day and higher than EFSA's 0.06 µg/kg-bw/day skin cancer BMDL₀₅.

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有毒元素的化学分析：沙特阿拉伯王国消费的本地大米和进口大米中的镉、铅、汞、砷和无机砷总量。

食用大米是人类接触有毒元素的途径之一。虽然大米是沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA）的主要主食，但有关其有毒元素组成的公开数据却很有限。对沙特阿拉伯进口和本地种植的哈萨维大米进行收集、消化，然后用 HPLC-ICP-MS 分析无机砷 (i-As)，用 ICP-MS 分析砷、镉、铅和汞。在这些有毒元素中，i-As 的浓度可能会引起对人类接触和公共健康的实质性担忧。研究发现，哈萨维大米（平均 43 ± 5 µg/kg）的 i-As 浓度明显低于进口大米（平均 73 ± 8 µg/kg）。据估计，在 KSA 的一个城市中，食用进口大米的成年人的 i-As 暴露量达到 0.3 µg/kg-bw/天，在最近撤销的世界卫生组织 2.1 µg/kg-bw/day 的 i-As 暂定每日可容忍摄入量的安全范围之内，高于欧洲食品安全局 0.06 µg/kg-bw/day 的皮肤癌 BMDL05。

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来源期刊

Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.80%

发文量

279

审稿时长

4.2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.