Evolutionary mechanism of Y-branches in acoustic Lichtenberg figures just below the water surface.

IF 2.1 2区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ACOUSTICS Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1121/10.0034365
Zhaokang Lei, Xinran Dong, Xinyi Zuo, Chenghui Wang, Yaorong Wu, Shuyu Lin, Jianzhong Guo
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Abstract

The acoustic Lichtenberg figure (ALF) in an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 28 kHz at different power levels was observed using high-speed photography. The nonlinear response of the cavitation structure was analyzed by the entropy spectrum in the ALF images, which showed the modulation influence of the primary acoustic field, exhibiting the fluctuations of the bubble distribution with time. Typical Y-branches predict the paths by which surrounding bubbles are attracted and converge into the structure, the branches are curved due to bubble-bubble interactions, and the curvature increases as the bubbles are approaching the main chain. The average travelling speed of bubbles along the branches is about 1.1 m/s, almost independent of power level of the ultrasonic cleaner. A theoretical model consisting of free bubbles and a straight bubble chain of finite length was developed to explore the evolutionary mechanism of branching. It was found that the bubble trajectories showed a bending tendency similar to the experimentally observed Y-branches, and the stationary straight bubble chain parallel to the main chain could evolve into a curved chain and eventually become a branch of the main chain. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results, verifying the evolutionary mechanism of Y-branches in ALF.

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水面以下声学利希滕贝格数字中 Y 分支的演变机制。
利用高速摄影技术观察了频率为 28 kHz 的超声波清洗机在不同功率水平下的声学利希滕贝格图(ALF)。通过 ALF 图像中的熵谱分析了空化结构的非线性响应,显示了主声场的调制影响,显示了气泡分布随时间的波动。典型的 Y 形分支预示了周围气泡被吸引并汇聚到结构中的路径,由于气泡与气泡之间的相互作用,分支呈弯曲状,随着气泡接近主链,弯曲度增加。气泡沿分支的平均移动速度约为 1.1 米/秒,几乎与超声波清洗器的功率大小无关。研究人员建立了一个由自由气泡和有限长度的直线气泡链组成的理论模型,以探索分支的演化机制。研究发现,气泡轨迹呈现出与实验观察到的 Y 形分支相似的弯曲趋势,与主链平行的静止直气泡链可以演变成弯曲的气泡链,并最终成为主链的分支。理论预测与实验结果完全吻合,验证了 ALF 中 Y 形分支的演化机制。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
16.70%
发文量
1433
审稿时长
4.7 months
期刊介绍: Since 1929 The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America has been the leading source of theoretical and experimental research results in the broad interdisciplinary study of sound. Subject coverage includes: linear and nonlinear acoustics; aeroacoustics, underwater sound and acoustical oceanography; ultrasonics and quantum acoustics; architectural and structural acoustics and vibration; speech, music and noise; psychology and physiology of hearing; engineering acoustics, transduction; bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics.
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