Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci phages panorama: Genomic diversity and in vitro studies for a therapeutic use

Abstract

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal bacteria of the human skin and mucosal membranes. The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by these species is on the rise, leading to a potential increase in antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Phages are emerging as a promising alternative to combat CoNS infections. Scientists are isolating phages infecting CoNS with a particular interest in S. epidermidis. This review compiles and analyses CoNS phages for several parameters including source, geographical location, host species, morphological diversity, and genomic diversity. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted the potential of these phages based on host range, in vitro evaluation of performance and stability, and interaction with biofilms. This comprehensive analysis enables a better understanding of the steps involved in using these phages for therapeutic purposes.