Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127969
Jiarong Wang, Xiaoquan Yu, Hao Yang, Hanzhong Feng, Yujuan Wang, Nannan Zhang, Haining Xia, Jie Li, Lei Xing, Junfeng Wang, Yongxing He
The flagellum is a complex molecular nanomachine crucial for cell motility. Its assembly requires coordinated expression of over 50 flagellar genes, regulated by the transcription activator FleQ. Phylogenomic analyses suggest that many non-flagellated bacterial species have evolved from flagellated ancestors by losing specific flagellar components, though the evolutionary mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. In this study, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 under standard laboratory conditions using quantitative proteomics. We observed a notable reduction in flagellar gene expression following prolonged serial passages. Whole-genome sequencing revealed multiple adaptive mutations in fleQ, dksA, and glnE, all of which are associated with flagellar biosynthesis. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that nonmotile ΔfleQ cells can hitchhike onto wild-type cells, potentially facilitated by increased production of the surfactant syringafactin. Our study suggests that the high metabolic costs associated with flagella biosynthesis, coupled with advantageous hitchhiking properties, contribute to the degenerative evolution of flagella.
{"title":"Adapted evolution towards flagellar loss in Pseudomonas syringae.","authors":"Jiarong Wang, Xiaoquan Yu, Hao Yang, Hanzhong Feng, Yujuan Wang, Nannan Zhang, Haining Xia, Jie Li, Lei Xing, Junfeng Wang, Yongxing He","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flagellum is a complex molecular nanomachine crucial for cell motility. Its assembly requires coordinated expression of over 50 flagellar genes, regulated by the transcription activator FleQ. Phylogenomic analyses suggest that many non-flagellated bacterial species have evolved from flagellated ancestors by losing specific flagellar components, though the evolutionary mechanisms driving this process remain unclear. In this study, we examined the evolutionary dynamics of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 under standard laboratory conditions using quantitative proteomics. We observed a notable reduction in flagellar gene expression following prolonged serial passages. Whole-genome sequencing revealed multiple adaptive mutations in fleQ, dksA, and glnE, all of which are associated with flagellar biosynthesis. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that nonmotile ΔfleQ cells can hitchhike onto wild-type cells, potentially facilitated by increased production of the surfactant syringafactin. Our study suggests that the high metabolic costs associated with flagella biosynthesis, coupled with advantageous hitchhiking properties, contribute to the degenerative evolution of flagella.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"127969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints and multiple organs and systems, which is long-lasting and challenging to cure and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Alterations in the composition of intestinal flora in both preclinical and confirmed RA patients indicate that intestinal bacteria play a vital role in RA immune function. However, the mechanism by which the intestinal flora is regulated to improve the condition of RA is not fully understood. This paper reviews the methods of regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites through prebiotics, probiotics, and pharmacological interventions, and discusses their effects on RA. Additionally, it explores the potential predictive role of cellular therapy mechanisms of intestinal flora in treating RA. These findings suggest that restoring the ecological balance of intestinal flora and regulating intestinal barrier function may enhance immune system function, thereby improving rheumatoid arthritis. This offers new insights into its treatment.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，主要影响关节及多个器官和系统，病程长，治愈难度大，严重影响患者的生活质量。临床前和确诊的 RA 患者肠道菌群组成的改变表明，肠道细菌在 RA 免疫功能中发挥着重要作用。然而，调节肠道菌群以改善 RA 病情的机制尚未完全明了。本文回顾了通过益生菌、益生菌和药物干预来调节肠道微生物群及其代谢产物的方法，并讨论了它们对 RA 的影响。此外，本文还探讨了肠道菌群的细胞治疗机制在治疗 RA 方面的潜在预测作用。这些研究结果表明，恢复肠道菌群的生态平衡和调节肠道屏障功能可增强免疫系统功能，从而改善类风湿关节炎。这为类风湿关节炎的治疗提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Role of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis: Potential cellular mechanisms regulated by prebiotic, probiotic, and pharmacological interventions","authors":"Jiashang Li, Ruoying Fan, Zhe Zhang, Lihui Zhao, Yu Han, Yue Zhu, Jin-ao Duan, Shulan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints and multiple organs and systems, which is long-lasting and challenging to cure and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Alterations in the composition of intestinal flora in both preclinical and confirmed RA patients indicate that intestinal bacteria play a vital role in RA immune function. However, the mechanism by which the intestinal flora is regulated to improve the condition of RA is not fully understood. This paper reviews the methods of regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites through prebiotics, probiotics, and pharmacological interventions, and discusses their effects on RA. Additionally, it explores the potential predictive role of cellular therapy mechanisms of intestinal flora in treating RA. These findings suggest that restoring the ecological balance of intestinal flora and regulating intestinal barrier function may enhance immune system function, thereby improving rheumatoid arthritis. This offers new insights into its treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects the physiological and biochemical processes in crops, posing a considerable challenge to agricultural productivity. The present study explored the efficacy of plant-derived biostimulant (PDB) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Pseudomonas putida (RA) and Paenibacillus lentimorbus CHM12) in the management of negative impacts of drought stress in Zea mays (maize). Adathoda vasica leaf extracts (ADLE) emerged as the most potent biostimulant of the seven evaluated medicinal plant extracts. The synergetic effect of ADLE and RA enhances plant vegetative growth (root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight) as well as significantly modulates drought-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by higher chlorophyll content and increased sugar and phenolic levels and reduction of proline level. The expression of defence-related (ZmAPX, ZmSOD, and ZmCAT) and transcription factor (ZmNAC, ZmWRKY, and ZmMYB) genes further supported the beneficial effects of this synergism under drought conditions. Furthermore, metabolite profiling through GC-MS analysis showed significant alterations in metabolites such as glucose, galactose, mannose, hexopyranose, linolenic acid, hexadecenoic acid, and butanedioic acid when PDB and PGPR were applied together. Overall, the findings of the present study affirm that the combined application of plant-derived biostimulant ADLE and plant-beneficial rhizobacteria RA can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of drought on maize, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for improving productivity under stress.
{"title":"Synergistic effect of Adathoda vasica plant-derived biostimulant and PGPR on Zea mays L. for drought stress management","authors":"Abhilasha Mishra, Srishti Kar, Nikita Bisht, Shashank Kumar Mishra, Puneet Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects the physiological and biochemical processes in crops, posing a considerable challenge to agricultural productivity. The present study explored the efficacy of plant-derived biostimulant (PDB) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> (RA) and <em>Paenibacillus lentimorbus</em> CHM12) in the management of negative impacts of drought stress in <em>Zea mays</em> (maize). <em>Adathoda vasica</em> leaf extracts (ADLE) emerged as the most potent biostimulant of the seven evaluated medicinal plant extracts. The synergetic effect of ADLE and RA enhances plant vegetative growth (root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight) as well as significantly modulates drought-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by higher chlorophyll content and increased sugar and phenolic levels and reduction of proline level. The expression of defence-related (<em>ZmAPX, ZmSOD, and ZmCAT</em>) and transcription factor (<em>ZmNAC, ZmWRKY, and ZmMYB</em>) genes further supported the beneficial effects of this synergism under drought conditions. Furthermore, metabolite profiling through GC-MS analysis showed significant alterations in metabolites such as glucose, galactose, mannose, hexopyranose, linolenic acid, hexadecenoic acid, and butanedioic acid when PDB and PGPR were applied together. Overall, the findings of the present study affirm that the combined application of plant-derived biostimulant ADLE and plant-beneficial rhizobacteria RA can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of drought on maize, providing an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for improving productivity under stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127968"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PacR (All3953) has previously been identified as a global transcriptional regulator of carbon assimilation in cyanobacteria. In the facultative diazotrophic and filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 (Anabaena), inactivation of pacR has been shown to affect cell growth under various conditions. Nitrogen fixation in Anabaena occurs in heterocysts, cells differentiated semiregularly along the filaments following deprivation of combined nitrogen such as nitrate or ammonium. Here, we created a markerless deletion mutant of pacR. In addition to its growth defects observed under different light and nitrogen conditions, the mutant could form a high frequency of heterocysts, including heterocyst doublets, even in the presence of nitrate. Inactivation of pacR led to the upregulation of ntcA, a global regulator of nitrogen metabolism and heterocyst formation, as well as downregulation of genes involved in nitrate uptake and assimilation. These changes led to N-limited cells in the presence of nitrate. PacR also regulates most of the genes encoding bicarbonate transport systems. The promoter regions of ntcA, and several other genes involved in nitrogen or carbon uptake and assimilation, as well as patS and hetN involved in heterocyst patterning can be directly recognized by PacR in vitro. These findings, along with previously reported ChIP-seq data, establish PacR as a crucial transcriptional regulator for balancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria.
{"title":"The LysR-type transcriptional factor PacR controls heterocyst differentiation and C/N metabolism in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120.","authors":"Gui-Ming Lin, Ju-Yuan Zhang, Zhi-Hui Shao, Chen Yang, Guo-Ping Zhao, Kai-Yao Huang, Cheng-Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PacR (All3953) has previously been identified as a global transcriptional regulator of carbon assimilation in cyanobacteria. In the facultative diazotrophic and filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 (Anabaena), inactivation of pacR has been shown to affect cell growth under various conditions. Nitrogen fixation in Anabaena occurs in heterocysts, cells differentiated semiregularly along the filaments following deprivation of combined nitrogen such as nitrate or ammonium. Here, we created a markerless deletion mutant of pacR. In addition to its growth defects observed under different light and nitrogen conditions, the mutant could form a high frequency of heterocysts, including heterocyst doublets, even in the presence of nitrate. Inactivation of pacR led to the upregulation of ntcA, a global regulator of nitrogen metabolism and heterocyst formation, as well as downregulation of genes involved in nitrate uptake and assimilation. These changes led to N-limited cells in the presence of nitrate. PacR also regulates most of the genes encoding bicarbonate transport systems. The promoter regions of ntcA, and several other genes involved in nitrogen or carbon uptake and assimilation, as well as patS and hetN involved in heterocyst patterning can be directly recognized by PacR in vitro. These findings, along with previously reported ChIP-seq data, establish PacR as a crucial transcriptional regulator for balancing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"127970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127944
Maria Sequeira Lopes , Maria Daniela Silva , Joana Azeredo , Luís D.R. Melo
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal bacteria of the human skin and mucosal membranes. The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by these species is on the rise, leading to a potential increase in antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Phages are emerging as a promising alternative to combat CoNS infections. Scientists are isolating phages infecting CoNS with a particular interest in S. epidermidis. This review compiles and analyses CoNS phages for several parameters including source, geographical location, host species, morphological diversity, and genomic diversity. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted the potential of these phages based on host range, in vitro evaluation of performance and stability, and interaction with biofilms. This comprehensive analysis enables a better understanding of the steps involved in using these phages for therapeutic purposes.
{"title":"Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci phages panorama: Genomic diversity and in vitro studies for a therapeutic use","authors":"Maria Sequeira Lopes , Maria Daniela Silva , Joana Azeredo , Luís D.R. Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal bacteria of the human skin and mucosal membranes. The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by these species is on the rise, leading to a potential increase in antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Phages are emerging as a promising alternative to combat CoNS infections. Scientists are isolating phages infecting CoNS with a particular interest in <em>S. epidermidis</em>. This review compiles and analyses CoNS phages for several parameters including source, geographical location, host species, morphological diversity, and genomic diversity. Additionally, recent studies have highlighted the potential of these phages based on host range, <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of performance and stability, and interaction with biofilms. This comprehensive analysis enables a better understanding of the steps involved in using these phages for therapeutic purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127940
Ali kamran , Muhammad Dilshad Hussain , Tahir Farooq , Fangfang Li , Mehran Khan , Xiangyang Li , Sanwei Yang , Xin Xie
In a molecular-arm-race between viruses and their hosts, viruses have evolved to harness their host's post-translational modifications (PTMs) machinery to gain a competitive edge. These modifications are the most reliable target of plant viruses to overcome the host defence for successful infection. Relatively fewer PTMs i.e., phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, Ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been studied regulating the potyvirus-plant interaction. Therefore, it is worth drawing attention towards the importance and potential of this undermined but key strategy of potyvirids (members of family Potyviridae) to abduct their host defence line, suggesting to review in detail the existing knowledge of these PTMs and highlight the unexplored modifications that might have played their part in establishing successful infection. The current review provides an understanding of how PTMs execute viral replication and infection dynamics during plant-potyvirid interactions. We highlighted that PTMs linked to CP, NIa-pro, NIb, and VPg are important to specify their host, virulence, overcoming host innate immunity, and most importantly disarming the host of RNA silencing tool of nailing any intruder. The limitations and potential improvements in studying undermined PTMs, including acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and neddylation, as well as challenges and future perspectives of this inevitable process are mechanistically deciphered in the course of plant-virus interactions. This communication opens new avenues for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of virus infection and the development of new antiviral strategies for sustainable disease managements.
{"title":"Deciphering intricate plant-virus interactions: Potyvirids orchestrate protein posttranslational modifications to regulate pathogenicity","authors":"Ali kamran , Muhammad Dilshad Hussain , Tahir Farooq , Fangfang Li , Mehran Khan , Xiangyang Li , Sanwei Yang , Xin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a molecular-arm-race between viruses and their hosts, viruses have evolved to harness their host's post-translational modifications (PTMs) machinery to gain a competitive edge. These modifications are the most reliable target of plant viruses to overcome the host defence for successful infection. Relatively fewer PTMs i.e., phosphorylation, <em>O</em>-GlcNAcylation, Ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been studied regulating the potyvirus-plant interaction. Therefore, it is worth drawing attention towards the importance and potential of this undermined but key strategy of potyvirids (members of family Potyviridae) to abduct their host defence line, suggesting to review in detail the existing knowledge of these PTMs and highlight the unexplored modifications that might have played their part in establishing successful infection. The current review provides an understanding of how PTMs execute viral replication and infection dynamics during plant-potyvirid interactions. We highlighted that PTMs linked to CP, NIa-pro, NIb, and VPg are important to specify their host, virulence, overcoming host innate immunity, and most importantly disarming the host of RNA silencing tool of nailing any intruder. The limitations and potential improvements in studying undermined PTMs, including acetylation, glycosylation, methylation, and neddylation, as well as challenges and future perspectives of this inevitable process are mechanistically deciphered in the course of plant-virus interactions. This communication opens new avenues for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of virus infection and the development of new antiviral strategies for sustainable disease managements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127958
Alberto Pedrero-Méndez, María Illescas, Enrique Monte, Rosa Hermosa
Woronin bodies are unique organelles in Pezizomycotina fungi that allow hyphae compartmentalization and prevent cytoplasmatic bleeding after mechanical injury. Several studies have related the peroxisomal protein HEX1, the major component of Woronin bodies with other biological processes such as hyphal growth, osmotic stress tolerance and pathogenicity. Trichoderma spp. are plant-beneficial multipurpose biological control agents, and proteomic and transcriptomic studies have shown that HEX1 and its corresponding gene are overrepresented when grown in the presence of fungal cell walls and plant polymers. To further investigate the involvement of hex1 in Trichoderma biology, we generated hex1 deletion transformants using the wheat endophytic strain T. simmonsii T137 as host. Results confirmed that hex1 gene is involved in the prevention of cytoplasmatic bleeding, and also has a role in fungal growth and biocontrol potential against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The involvement of hex1 in the fungal response to osmotic and oxidative stresses is conditioned by the type of stress and by the nutrient richness of the culture medium. The hex1 deletion also affected the interaction with wheat, but did not affect the plant protective effect of T137 against water stress. Overall, this study shows the implication of HEX1 in a wide range of biological processes necessary for T. simmonsii to deploy its abilities to be used as an agriculturally beneficial fungus.
{"title":"The hex1 gene of Trichoderma simmonsii is involved in stress responses, biocontrol potential and wheat plant growth","authors":"Alberto Pedrero-Méndez, María Illescas, Enrique Monte, Rosa Hermosa","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Woronin bodies are unique organelles in Pezizomycotina fungi that allow hyphae compartmentalization and prevent cytoplasmatic bleeding after mechanical injury. Several studies have related the peroxisomal protein HEX1, the major component of Woronin bodies with other biological processes such as hyphal growth, osmotic stress tolerance and pathogenicity. <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. are plant-beneficial multipurpose biological control agents, and proteomic and transcriptomic studies have shown that HEX1 and its corresponding gene are overrepresented when grown in the presence of fungal cell walls and plant polymers. To further investigate the involvement of <em>hex1</em> in <em>Trichoderma</em> biology, we generated <em>hex1</em> deletion transformants using the wheat endophytic strain <em>T. simmonsii</em> T137 as host. Results confirmed that <em>hex1</em> gene is involved in the prevention of cytoplasmatic bleeding, and also has a role in fungal growth and biocontrol potential against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The involvement of <em>hex1</em> in the fungal response to osmotic and oxidative stresses is conditioned by the type of stress and by the nutrient richness of the culture medium. The <em>hex1</em> deletion also affected the interaction with wheat, but did not affect the plant protective effect of T137 against water stress. Overall, this study shows the implication of HEX1 in a wide range of biological processes necessary for <em>T. simmonsii</em> to deploy its abilities to be used as an agriculturally beneficial fungus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) is a species of the core microbiome in the human gut, whose abundance is closely associated with host age and health status. B. longum has been shown to modulate host gut microecology and have the potential to alleviate various diseases. Comprehensive understanding on the colonization mechanism of B. longum and mechanism of the host-B. longum interactions, can provide us possibility to prevent and treat human diseases through B. longum-directed strategies. In this review, we summarized the gut colonization characteristics of B. longum, discussed the diet factors that have ability/potential to enrich indigenous and/or ingested B. longum strains, and reviewed the intervention mechanisms of B. longum in multiple diseases. The key findings are as follows: First, B. longum has specialized colonization mechanisms, like a wide carbohydrate utilization spectrum that allows it to adapt to the host's diet, species-level conserved genes encoding bile salt hydrolase (BSHs), and appropriate bacterial surface structures. Second, dietary intervention (e.g., anthocyanins) could effectively improve the gut colonization of B. longum, demonstrating the feasibility of diet-tuned strain colonization. Finally, we analyzed the skewed abundance of B. longum in different types of diseases and summarized the main mechanisms by which B. longum alleviates digestive (repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier by stimulating Paneth cell activity), immune (up-regulating the regulatory T cell (Treg) populations and maintaining the balance of Th1/Th2), and neurological diseases (regulating the kynurenine pathway and quinolinic acid levels in the brain through the gut-brain axis).
{"title":"The gut core microbial species Bifidobacterium longum: Colonization, mechanisms, and health benefits","authors":"Yue Xiao , Lijuan Huang , Jianxin Zhao , Wei Chen , Wenwei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bifidobacterium longum</em> (<em>B. longum</em>) is a species of the core microbiome in the human gut, whose abundance is closely associated with host age and health status. <em>B. longum</em> has been shown to modulate host gut microecology and have the potential to alleviate various diseases. Comprehensive understanding on the colonization mechanism of <em>B. longum</em> and mechanism of the host-<em>B. longum</em> interactions, can provide us possibility to prevent and treat human diseases through <em>B. longum</em>-directed strategies. In this review, we summarized the gut colonization characteristics of <em>B. longum</em>, discussed the diet factors that have ability/potential to enrich indigenous and/or ingested <em>B. longum</em> strains, and reviewed the intervention mechanisms of <em>B. longum</em> in multiple diseases. The key findings are as follows: First, <em>B. longum</em> has specialized colonization mechanisms, like a wide carbohydrate utilization spectrum that allows it to adapt to the host's diet, species-level conserved genes encoding bile salt hydrolase (BSHs), and appropriate bacterial surface structures. Second, dietary intervention (e.g., anthocyanins) could effectively improve the gut colonization of <em>B. longum</em>, demonstrating the feasibility of diet-tuned strain colonization. Finally, we analyzed the skewed abundance of <em>B. longum</em> in different types of diseases and summarized the main mechanisms by which <em>B. longum</em> alleviates digestive (repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier by stimulating Paneth cell activity), immune (up-regulating the regulatory T cell (Treg) populations and maintaining the balance of Th1/Th2), and neurological diseases (regulating the kynurenine pathway and quinolinic acid levels in the brain through the gut-brain axis).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127964
Ting Fang , Juan Xiong , Xin Huang , Xinyu Fang , Xuqing Shen , Yuanying Jiang , Hui Lu
Strategies aimed at targeting fungal extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) using vaccines and antibodies have demonstrated encouraging potential in the prevention and management of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). However, the precise underlying mechanism by which eHsp90 contributes to the heightened virulence of Candida albicans (C. albicans) remains an enigma, awaiting further elucidation. In our current research, we have found that the 47-kDa fragment of C. albicans Hsp90 (CaHsp90), which serves as the primary antigenic determinant, is not degraded within C. albicans cells. Moreover, we have discovered that extracellular CaHsp90 (eCaHsp90) is derived from the components of lysed C. albicans cells. We also generated recombinant CaHsp90 in Escherichia coli, and found that eCaHsp90 spreads beyond the initial C. albicans colonization site, thereby enhancing the overall virulence of the organism. Our results further clarify that eCaHsp90 activates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). This upregulation results in the activation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and subsequent macrophage pyroptosis, ultimately increasing the virulence of C. albicans. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism by which eCaHsp90 contributes to the virulence of C. albicans, offering a pharmacological basis for antifungal strategies targeting fungal eHsp90.
{"title":"Extracellular Hsp90 of Candida albicans contributes to the virulence of the pathogen by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and inducing macrophage pyroptosis","authors":"Ting Fang , Juan Xiong , Xin Huang , Xinyu Fang , Xuqing Shen , Yuanying Jiang , Hui Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strategies aimed at targeting fungal extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) using vaccines and antibodies have demonstrated encouraging potential in the prevention and management of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). However, the precise underlying mechanism by which eHsp90 contributes to the heightened virulence of <em>Candida albicans</em> (<em>C. albicans</em>) remains an enigma, awaiting further elucidation. In our current research, we have found that the 47-kDa fragment of <em>C. albicans</em> Hsp90 (CaHsp90), which serves as the primary antigenic determinant, is not degraded within <em>C. albicans</em> cells. Moreover, we have discovered that extracellular CaHsp90 (eCaHsp90) is derived from the components of lysed <em>C. albicans</em> cells. We also generated recombinant CaHsp90 in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and found that eCaHsp90 spreads beyond the initial <em>C. albicans</em> colonization site, thereby enhancing the overall virulence of the organism. Our results further clarify that eCaHsp90 activates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). This upregulation results in the activation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and subsequent macrophage pyroptosis, ultimately increasing the virulence of <em>C. albicans</em>. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism by which eCaHsp90 contributes to the virulence of <em>C. albicans</em>, offering a pharmacological basis for antifungal strategies targeting fungal eHsp90.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127963
Yongliang Du , Yan Xiong , Zhou Sha , Dong Guo , Beibei Fu , Xiaoyuan Lin , Haibo Wu
Bacteria and viruses pose significant threats to human health, as drug molecules and therapeutic agents are often hindered by cell membranes and tissue barriers from reaching intracellular targets. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), composed of 5–30 amino acids, function as molecular shuttles that facilitate the translocation of therapeutic agents across biological barriers. Despite their therapeutic potential, CPPs exhibit limitations, such as insufficient cell specificity, low in vivo stability, reduced delivery efficiency, and limited tolerance under serum conditions. However, intelligent design and chemical modifications can enhance their cell penetration, stability, and selectivity. These advancements could significantly improve CPP-based drug delivery strategies, facilitating both infection treatment and immunization against bacterial and viral diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of CPPs in various infections and immune diseases, summarizing their mechanisms and the challenges encountered during their application.
{"title":"Cell-Penetrating Peptides in infection and immunization","authors":"Yongliang Du , Yan Xiong , Zhou Sha , Dong Guo , Beibei Fu , Xiaoyuan Lin , Haibo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria and viruses pose significant threats to human health, as drug molecules and therapeutic agents are often hindered by cell membranes and tissue barriers from reaching intracellular targets. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), composed of 5–30 amino acids, function as molecular shuttles that facilitate the translocation of therapeutic agents across biological barriers. Despite their therapeutic potential, CPPs exhibit limitations, such as insufficient cell specificity, low in vivo stability, reduced delivery efficiency, and limited tolerance under serum conditions. However, intelligent design and chemical modifications can enhance their cell penetration, stability, and selectivity. These advancements could significantly improve CPP-based drug delivery strategies, facilitating both infection treatment and immunization against bacterial and viral diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of CPPs in various infections and immune diseases, summarizing their mechanisms and the challenges encountered during their application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 127963"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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