{"title":"Water-induced failure in polymer coatings: Mechanisms, impacts and mitigation strategies—A comprehensive review","authors":"Kazem Sabet-Bokati, Kevin Plucknett","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111058","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the various strategies implemented to improve the integrity of metallic structures, polymer coatings have emerged as a compelling choice due to their capacity to offer cost-effective and enduring protection. However, humidity is a critical environmental factor that poses a risk to the integrity of polymer coatings, manifesting in dimensional alterations, induced internal stresses, diminished adhesion strength between coating and substrate, microstructural changes, and hydrolytic degradation. Many of these detrimental changes remain concealed until the advanced stages of coating failure. Comprehending the water-induced degradation mechanisms in polymer coatings is crucial for improving their protective effectiveness, ensuring safety and dependability, minimizing economic and environmental impacts, and promoting innovation and regulatory compliance. This study rigorously explores the water-induced failure mechanisms in polymeric coatings, highlighting both visible signs of degradation, such as corrosion, cathodic delamination, and blistering, and less apparent phenomena like hydrolysis, swelling, and plasticization. From the initial stages of water diffusion to the eventual delamination of the coating, diffusion mechanisms and the interaction between water molecules and coating constituents are scrutinized. Moreover, this review explores the distinctive and interrelated impacts of each phenomenon on the integrity of the coating, along with potential mitigation strategies. The review culminates with practical recommendations aimed at bolstering the integrity of coated structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391024004014","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Among the various strategies implemented to improve the integrity of metallic structures, polymer coatings have emerged as a compelling choice due to their capacity to offer cost-effective and enduring protection. However, humidity is a critical environmental factor that poses a risk to the integrity of polymer coatings, manifesting in dimensional alterations, induced internal stresses, diminished adhesion strength between coating and substrate, microstructural changes, and hydrolytic degradation. Many of these detrimental changes remain concealed until the advanced stages of coating failure. Comprehending the water-induced degradation mechanisms in polymer coatings is crucial for improving their protective effectiveness, ensuring safety and dependability, minimizing economic and environmental impacts, and promoting innovation and regulatory compliance. This study rigorously explores the water-induced failure mechanisms in polymeric coatings, highlighting both visible signs of degradation, such as corrosion, cathodic delamination, and blistering, and less apparent phenomena like hydrolysis, swelling, and plasticization. From the initial stages of water diffusion to the eventual delamination of the coating, diffusion mechanisms and the interaction between water molecules and coating constituents are scrutinized. Moreover, this review explores the distinctive and interrelated impacts of each phenomenon on the integrity of the coating, along with potential mitigation strategies. The review culminates with practical recommendations aimed at bolstering the integrity of coated structures.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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