Association between gambling disorder and suicide mortality: a comparative cohort study using Norwegian health registry data

IF 13.6 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Lancet Regional Health-Europe Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI:10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101127

Joakim Hellumbråten Kristensen , Carl Michael Baravelli , Tony Leino , Ståle Pallesen , Mark D. Griffiths , Eilin Kristine Erevik

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Abstract

Background

Gambling disorder has been consistently linked to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, but few studies have investigated the association between gambling disorder and suicide mortality. This study examined the risk of suicide mortality associated with gambling disorder compared to the general population and other patient groups.

Methods

A registry-based cohort study was conducted employing individual-level linked and aggregated data from Norwegian nationwide health registries. The study population comprised all patients with gambling disorder in Norway (n = 6899) for the period 2008 to 2021. Standardized mortality ratios were estimated to assess suicide risk among gambling disorder patients against the adult Norwegian general population. Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios comparing suicide risk among patients with gambling disorder to 12 comparison groups comprising patients treated for other conditions (n = 391,897).

Findings

Suicide was the leading cause of death among patients with gambling disorder (37 of 148 deaths; 25%). Patients with gambling disorder had a higher suicide risk than the general population (standardized mortality ratio = 5.12, 95% CI [3.71; 7.06]), and 5 of 12 patient groups with other conditions. Suicide risk was not significantly different when compared to that of patients with anxiety disorders, personality disorders, or depression. However, suicide risk was lower among patients with gambling disorder than patients with substance use disorders, alcohol dependence, psychotic disorders, or mood disorders.

Interpretation

Norwegian patients with gambling disorder have an elevated risk of suicide mortality but the risk is similar to or lower than other patient groups known to be at increased suicide risk.

Funding

Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research and the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Bergen (no specific grant).

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赌博障碍与自杀死亡率之间的关系：利用挪威健康登记数据进行的比较队列研究

背景赌博障碍一直与自杀意念和自杀企图有关，但很少有研究调查赌博障碍与自杀死亡率之间的关系。本研究探讨了与普通人群和其他患者群体相比，赌博障碍患者的自杀死亡风险。研究方法采用挪威全国健康登记处提供的个人层面的链接和汇总数据，开展了一项基于登记处的队列研究。研究对象包括2008年至2021年期间挪威的所有赌博障碍患者（n = 6899）。研究估算了标准化死亡率，以评估赌博障碍患者相对于挪威成年普通人群的自杀风险。通过Cox回归估算出赌博障碍患者与12个对比组（n = 391,897）（包括接受其他治疗的患者）自杀风险的危险比。研究结果自杀是赌博障碍患者的主要死因（148例死亡中的37例；25%）。赌博障碍患者的自杀风险高于普通人群（标准化死亡率=5.12，95% CI [3.71；7.06]），也高于12个患有其他疾病的患者群体中的5个。与焦虑症、人格障碍或抑郁症患者相比，自杀风险没有明显差异。然而，与药物使用障碍、酒精依赖、精神障碍或情绪障碍患者相比，赌博障碍患者的自杀风险较低。经费来源：挪威赌博与博彩研究能力中心（Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research）和卑尔根大学心理学系（无专项拨款）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Lancet Regional Health-Europe Multiple-

CiteScore

19.90

自引率

1.40%

发文量

260

审稿时长

9 weeks

期刊介绍： The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, a gold open access journal, is part of The Lancet's global effort to promote healthcare quality and accessibility worldwide. It focuses on advancing clinical practice and health policy in the European region to enhance health outcomes. The journal publishes high-quality original research advocating changes in clinical practice and health policy. It also includes reviews, commentaries, and opinion pieces on regional health topics, such as infection and disease prevention, healthy aging, and reducing health disparities.