Preparation and oil-water separation performance of lignin-based durable superhydrophobic petaloid structure inspired from springtail cuticle surface

Abstract

Inspired by the natural surface adaptations of springtails (Collembola), we developed a novel lignin-coated nanoparticle system with a petaloid porous structure that mimics their air-retention and water-repelling capabilities. The biomimetic materials exhibit remarkable superhydrophobicity (CA_water ≈ 160°) and superoleophilicity (CA_oil ≈ 0°), crucial for enhancing selective oil adsorption. The unique structure traps air, ensuring excellent buoyancy and stability even in submerged conditions, while offering resistance to aggressive solvents. Additionally, the nanoparticles possess magnetic responsiveness, enabling precise manipulation in oil-water separation processes. This functionality is critical for a variety of industrial and environmental applications. In performance tests, the material achieved an oil-water separation efficiency of 97 %, with a permeation flux of 850 Lm⁻² h⁻¹. Even after multiple cycles, it maintained high separation efficiency and robustness, enduring chemically harsh environments. Our approach presents a highly durable and efficient solution to complex oil-water separation challenges, advancing the field of smart material applications.