{"title":"Martensite instability induced surface hardening on gradient nano-structured 316L stainless steel","authors":"Y.B. Lei , Z.M. Niu , B. Gao , Y.T. Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113831","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gradient nanostructured (GNS) 316L stainless steel manufactured by surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) with a full martensitic phase on the surface exhibits an extraordinary annealed hardening. The surface hardness increases by 44 % from 4.1 GPa of the SMRTed 316L stainless steel up to 5.9 GPa after annealed at 400 °C for 120 min. Surface hardening is primarily attributed to the formation of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) within the original nano-grains. LAGBs function as substructures that effectively divide the grains into smaller units. These LAGBs originate from lattice distortions caused by Ni segregation during the annealing process. Furthermore, the redistribution of Ni can be regarded as a nucleation step leading to phase reversion from martensite to austenite. Additionally, the presence of Ni-enriched zones distributed within the martensite matrix serves to hinder dislocation movement, thus contributing to the observed surface hardening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Vacuum","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042207X24008777","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Gradient nanostructured (GNS) 316L stainless steel manufactured by surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT) with a full martensitic phase on the surface exhibits an extraordinary annealed hardening. The surface hardness increases by 44 % from 4.1 GPa of the SMRTed 316L stainless steel up to 5.9 GPa after annealed at 400 °C for 120 min. Surface hardening is primarily attributed to the formation of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) within the original nano-grains. LAGBs function as substructures that effectively divide the grains into smaller units. These LAGBs originate from lattice distortions caused by Ni segregation during the annealing process. Furthermore, the redistribution of Ni can be regarded as a nucleation step leading to phase reversion from martensite to austenite. Additionally, the presence of Ni-enriched zones distributed within the martensite matrix serves to hinder dislocation movement, thus contributing to the observed surface hardening.
期刊介绍：
Vacuum is an international rapid publications journal with a focus on short communication. All papers are peer-reviewed, with the review process for short communication geared towards very fast turnaround times. The journal also published full research papers, thematic issues and selected papers from leading conferences.
A report in Vacuum should represent a major advance in an area that involves a controlled environment at pressures of one atmosphere or below.
The scope of the journal includes:
1. Vacuum; original developments in vacuum pumping and instrumentation, vacuum measurement, vacuum gas dynamics, gas-surface interactions, surface treatment for UHV applications and low outgassing, vacuum melting, sintering, and vacuum metrology. Technology and solutions for large-scale facilities (e.g., particle accelerators and fusion devices). New instrumentation ( e.g., detectors and electron microscopes).
2. Plasma science; advances in PVD, CVD, plasma-assisted CVD, ion sources, deposition processes and analysis.
3. Surface science; surface engineering, surface chemistry, surface analysis, crystal growth, ion-surface interactions and etching, nanometer-scale processing, surface modification.
4. Materials science; novel functional or structural materials. Metals, ceramics, and polymers. Experiments, simulations, and modelling for understanding structure-property relationships. Thin films and coatings. Nanostructures and ion implantation.
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