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Ethanol recognition based on carbon quantum dots sensitized Ti3C2Tx MXene and its enhancement effect of ultraviolet condition under low temperature 基于碳量子点敏化 Ti3C2Tx MXene 的乙醇识别及其在低温紫外条件下的增强效应

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113730

The deteriorating air quality makes it particularly important to detect all kinds of harmful gases in the air. In this study, the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/CQDs composite was formed by modifying carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to the surface of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, in which the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene sensitized by CQDs achieved enhanced recognition of ethanol. After a series of characterizations, it was confirmed that CQDs were indeed modified on the surface of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene. The gas sensing test results show that the sensor based on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/CQDs composite exhibits excellent response performance to ethanol, particularly achieving a high response value of 15.38–50 ppm ethanol at the optimal operating temperature of 140 °C. Furthermore, this composite also demonstrates excellent repeatability and a stable response relationship towards ethanol. Finally, it is found by comparison that the recovery time of the sensor under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is significantly shortened, which further verifies that the sensor has wider application potential under UV condition. The experimental results show that the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/CQDs composite significantly improves the efficiency and ability of detecting ethanol by optimization of photoresponsive performance, enhancement of electrical conductivity, and increase in specific surface area. This paper provides practical research methods and ideas for the development of novel sensors based on CQDs and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene.

空气质量的不断恶化使得检测空气中的各种有害气体变得尤为重要。本研究通过在 Ti3C2Tx MXene 表面修饰碳量子点（CQDs），形成了 Ti3C2Tx MXene/CQDs 复合材料。经过一系列表征，证实 CQDs 确实修饰在 Ti3C2Tx MXene 表面。气体传感测试结果表明，基于 Ti3C2Tx MXene/CQDs 复合材料的传感器对乙醇具有优异的响应性能，尤其是在 140 °C 的最佳工作温度下，乙醇的响应值高达 15.38-50 ppm。此外，这种复合材料还具有出色的可重复性和稳定的乙醇响应关系。最后，通过比较发现，该传感器在紫外线（UV）照射下的恢复时间明显缩短，这进一步验证了该传感器在紫外线条件下具有更广泛的应用潜力。实验结果表明，Ti3C2Tx MXene/CQDs 复合材料通过优化光致发光性能、增强导电性和增大比表面积，显著提高了检测乙醇的效率和能力。本文为开发基于 CQDs 和 Ti3C2Tx MXene 的新型传感器提供了实用的研究方法和思路。

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引用次数: 0

Overall fabrication of uniform BN interphase on 2.5D-SiC fabric via precursor-derived methods 通过前驱体衍生方法在 2.5D-SiC 织物上整体制备均匀的 BN 相间体

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113727

Boron nitride (BN) interphase plays a crucial role in silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC_f/SiC) composites, because it directly influences the mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance of SiC_f/SiC composites. However, fabricating a high-quality BN interphase on SiC fabrics with low cost and high efficiency remains a significant challenge. In this study, a uniform and dense BN interphase was overally prepared on 2.5D-SiC fabric by precursor-derived method. Whether it is the surface fiber or the inner fiber of the 2.5D-SiC fabric, the interphase thickness remains consistent at 550 ± 30 nm. Moreover, the obtained BN exhibits a lower crystallization temperature (approximately 1200 °C). Additionally, it maintains a strong bond with the fabric after high-temperature treatment at 1600 °C in an argon atmosphere and also retains robust adhesion after high-temperature vacuum treatment at 1600 °C. This study not only presents the overall fabrication of a uniform BN interphase on SiC fabric but also provides a novel strategy for preparing interphases on various types of fabrics.

氮化硼（BN）中间相在碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅（SiCf/SiC）复合材料中起着至关重要的作用，因为它直接影响 SiCf/SiC 复合材料的机械性能和耐高温性能。然而，如何在碳化硅纤维上低成本、高效率地制造出高质量的 BN 中间相仍然是一项重大挑战。本研究采用前驱体衍生法在 2.5D-SiC 织物上制备了均匀致密的 BN 相。无论是 2.5D-SiC 织物的表面纤维还是内部纤维，相间层厚度都保持一致，为 550 ± 30 nm。此外，所获得的 BN 结晶温度较低（约 1200 °C）。此外，在氩气环境中进行 1600 ℃ 高温处理后，它与织物之间仍能保持牢固的粘合力；在 1600 ℃ 高温真空处理后，也能保持牢固的粘合力。这项研究不仅展示了在碳化硅织物上制备均匀 BN 相间物的整体过程，还为在各种类型的织物上制备相间物提供了一种新的策略。

引用次数: 0

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of brazing seam of SiCp/Al composites-TC4 titanium alloy composite structure with different La content 不同 La 含量的 SiCp/Al 复合材料-TC4 钛合金复合材料结构钎缝的显微组织演变和力学性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113719

This paper presented the design of a new type of active filler metal Al-17.0Cu-8.0 Mg-xLa (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 wt%) for vacuum brazing of composites 55 % SiC_p/ZL102 and TC4. The effects of La on the microstructure and properties of brazing alloy and on the joint were studied. The results demonstrated as follows. The La element has a refining effect on the matrix structure of the brazing master alloy, which made the intergranular network of the structure clearer. High level of the element La resulted in the production of more oxides in the brazing alloy. The increase of La content led to the brazing alloy melting temperature decreased and the brazing seam thickness increased. A layer of tetragonal intermetallic compound τ₁(Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂) phase with (Mohanavel et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2018; Bhong et al., 2023; Egbo, 2021; Salonitis et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2024; Niu et al., 2019; Tariq et al., 2014; Du et al., 2016; Ma et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2021; Chong et al., 2021; Hekner et al., 2017; Yuan et al., 2023; Misra, 1991; Yan et al., 2022; Qiu et al., 2023; Dong et al., 2023; Li et al., 2023; Ma et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2024; Hong et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2024; Zhang et al., 2023; Zuo et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2022; Li et al., 2023; Xie et al., 2022) [1-31] crystal band axis was formed on the TC4 side. The intermetallic compound at the brazing seam gradually extended to the composite side with the increase of La content. Needle-like structure was transformed into massive structure with increased La content, and the width of the brazing seam increased. The shear strength reached the highest value of 88.0 MPa at 2.0 % La. The joint broke at the brazing seam, and the fracture behavior belongs to brittle fracture.

本文介绍了一种新型活性填充金属 Al-17.0Cu-8.0Mg-xLa（x = 0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 wt%）的设计，用于 55 % SiCp/ZL102 和 TC4 复合材料的真空钎焊。研究了 La 对钎焊合金微观结构和性能以及接头的影响。结果如下。La 元素对钎焊母合金的基体结构有细化作用，使结构的晶间网络更加清晰。高含量的 La 元素会在钎焊合金中产生更多的氧化物。La 含量的增加导致钎焊合金熔化温度降低，钎缝厚度增加。一层四方金属间化合物τ1（Ti7Al5Si12）相与（Mohanavel 等，2021；Wang 等，2021；Zhu 等，2018；Bhong 等，2023；Egbo，2021；Salonitis et al、2010；Chen 等人，2023；Chen 等人，2024；Niu 等人，2019；Tariq 等人，2014；Du 等人，2016；Ma 等人，2015；Tang 等人，2021；Chong 等人，2021；Hekner 等人、2017；Yuan 等，2023；Misra，1991；Yan 等，2022；Qiu 等，2023；Dong 等，2023；Li 等，2023；Ma 等，2020；Chen 等，2024；Hong 等，2023；Chen et al、2024；Zhang 等人，2023；Zuo 等人，2020；Zhang 等人，2023；Zhao 等人，2022；Li 等人，2023；Xie 等人，2022）[1-31] 晶带轴形成于 TC4 侧。随着 La 含量的增加，钎缝处的金属间化合物逐渐向复合侧延伸。随着 La 含量的增加，针状结构转变为块状结构，钎缝宽度增加。当 La 含量为 2.0% 时，剪切强度达到最高值 88.0 MPa。接头在钎缝处断裂，断裂行为属于脆性断裂。

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引用次数: 0

Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of in-situ TiC/TC4 composites through Mo addition 添加钼后原位 TiC/TC4 复合材料的微观结构演变、力学性能和腐蚀行为

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113720

To further improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the composites, in-situ TiC/TC4-xMo composites were fabricated. The effect of Mo content on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the composites was investigated. The results show that with the increase of Mo content, the amount of β-Ti phase and the size of the TiC particle increase. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the composites can be significantly enhanced through Mo addition. The TiC/TC4 composites containing 10 wt% Mo exhibits superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Grain refinement, load transfer, and solid solution strengthening are the main strengthening mechanisms for improving the strength of composites. In addition, the increase of the β-Ti content, the presence of TiC, and the solid solution of Mo elements contribute to enhancing the corrosion resistance of the composites.

为了进一步提高复合材料的机械性能和耐腐蚀性，研究人员在原位制备了 TiC/TC4-xMo 复合材料。研究了钼含量对复合材料微观结构演变、力学性能和腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明，随着 Mo 含量的增加，β-Ti 相的数量和 TiC 颗粒的尺寸都有所增加。添加 Mo 后，复合材料的机械性能和耐腐蚀性能显著提高。钼含量为 10 wt% 的 TiC/TC4 复合材料表现出更优越的机械性能和耐腐蚀性。晶粒细化、载荷传递和固溶强化是提高复合材料强度的主要强化机制。此外，β-Ti 含量的增加、TiC 的存在以及 Mo 元素的固溶也有助于增强复合材料的耐腐蚀性。

引用次数: 0

WS2/WO3 heterostructure for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy 用于表面增强拉曼光谱的 WS2/WO3 异质结构

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113717

Advancing the creation of cost-effective, stable, and uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates that do not rely on noble metals is a crucial objective in current SERS studies. This study introduces a straightforward synthesis of heterostructures via the oxidation treatment of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Utilizing a hydrothermal reaction, we synthesized nanoflower-like WS₂ 2D materials and subsequently fabricated WS₂/WO₃ heterostructures with exceptional controllability and reproducibility following oxidation treatment. This heterostructure, characterized by its unique surface structure and appropriate band gap, substantially improves charge transfer efficiency, thereby enhancing SERS performance. The composite substrate, which relies on a chemical enhancement mechanism, demonstrates high-sensitivity quantitative detection capabilities, achieving the detection limit for R6G molecules was established at 10⁻¹⁰ M, with an enhancement factor of 0.94 × 10⁸. Additionally, a strong linear relationship between concentration and peak intensity is observed. Moreover, the substrate exhibits outstanding stability and uniformity, along with excellent quantitative analysis capabilities for molecules such as methylene blue and crystal violet. These attributes underscore its promising potential in environmental monitoring applications.

在当前的 SERS 研究中，一个至关重要的目标是推动创建不依赖贵金属的经济、稳定和均匀的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底。本研究介绍了一种通过氧化处理二维（2D）材料直接合成异质结构的方法。利用水热反应，我们合成了纳米花状的 WS2 二维材料，并在氧化处理后制备出具有优异可控性和可重复性的 WS2/WO3 异质结构。这种异质结构具有独特的表面结构和适当的带隙，可大幅提高电荷转移效率，从而增强 SERS 性能。这种复合基底依赖于化学增强机制，具有高灵敏度的定量检测能力，R6G 分子的检测限为 10-10 M，增强因子为 0.94 × 108。此外，还观察到浓度与峰值强度之间存在很强的线性关系。此外，该基底还具有出色的稳定性和均匀性，并能对亚甲蓝和结晶紫等分子进行出色的定量分析。这些特性凸显了它在环境监测应用中的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of fast electrons energy absorbed in the air by measuring the concentration of ozone synthesized in electron beam plasma 通过测量电子束等离子体中合成的臭氧浓度确定空气中吸收的快速电子能量

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113715

Method of determination of the electron beam energy absorbed in the air by measuring the concentration of ozone synthesized in electron beam plasma is proposed. It is shown that the energy of electrons absorbed in the air increases with an increase in the air gap and the atomic number of the target, and reaches the maximum value 0,036 J for a lead target at a distance 17 cm from the output foil. The highest value of the relative proportion of reflected electrons in the total electron beam energy absorbed in the air (0.45) corresponds to a lead target with a gap value 9 cm. The value of this relative proportion is determined by combination of the atomic number of surface material, the number of electron reflections and the length of the air gap. Obtained calculated average value of the ideal specific energy yield of ozone with taking into account the reflected electrons energy absorbed in the air (413 g (kW h)⁻¹) can be used to determine the value of absorbed in the air energy of the electron beam generated by the RADAN-220 accelerator, when using reaction chambers of any size and configuration, with targets and walls made of any materials.

提出了通过测量电子束等离子体中合成的臭氧浓度来测定空气中吸收的电子束能量的方法。结果表明，空气中吸收的电子能量随着气隙和靶原子序数的增加而增加，在铅靶距离输出箔 17 厘米处达到最大值 0,036 J。空气中吸收的电子束总能量中反射电子的相对比例的最高值（0.45）与间隙值为 9 厘米的铅靶相对应。该相对比例值由表面材料的原子序数、电子反射次数和气隙长度共同决定。考虑到空气中吸收的反射电子能量（413 g (kW h)-1），计算得出的臭氧理想比能量产率平均值可用于确定 RADAN-220 加速器产生的电子束在空气中的吸收能量值，当使用任何尺寸和结构的反应室，以及任何材料制成的靶和壁时均可。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of stage gas nitriding on corrosion and wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy in physiological environment 阶段气体氮化对生理环境下 Ti6Al4V 合金耐腐蚀性和耐磨性的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113713

The wear and corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al4V alloy after gas nitriding combined with stage heat treatment was studied in the physiological environment. It was shown that nitriding temperature at the first stage of the heat treatment mainly effects on the surface quality and microhardness of the treated alloy. The corrosion behaviour of the nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy was studied in Ringer's solution, which simulates the physiological environment of human body. It was shown that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is enhanced by increasing thickness and TiN content in the nitride layer, and improving surface quality. The tribological characteristics of the nitrided Ti6Al4V alloy in a tribo-pair with PE-UHMW were evaluated in a 10 % aqueous solution of chondroitin sulfate, which simulates the synovial fluid. It was established that reducing nitriding temperature at the first stage of the heat treatment improved the wear resistance of the treated alloy due to decrease of the surface roughness and microhardness.

研究了在生理环境下，Ti6Al4V 合金经气体氮化结合阶段热处理后的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。结果表明，热处理第一阶段的氮化温度主要影响处理后合金的表面质量和显微硬度。在模拟人体生理环境的林格氏溶液中研究了氮化 Ti6Al4V 合金的腐蚀行为。结果表明，通过增加氮化层的厚度和 TiN 含量以及改善表面质量，合金的耐腐蚀性能得到了提高。在模拟滑液的 10% 硫酸软骨素水溶液中，评估了氮化 Ti6Al4V 合金与 PE-UHMW 三元对的摩擦学特性。结果表明，在热处理的第一阶段降低氮化温度可降低表面粗糙度和显微硬度，从而提高合金的耐磨性。

引用次数: 0

Silicon carbide PIN diode for tritium detection 用于氚探测的碳化硅 PIN 二极管

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113707

We have designed a prototype of silicon carbide PIN diode for tritium detection. Monte-Carlo calculations showed the necessity to work in vacuum and employ thin and low-density coating layers, and drew the energy deposition profile in the device. The deposited energies have then been used to implement finite-elements simulations, in order to optimize three structural parameters (

n -

doping concentration,

p

doping concentration,

p

zone thickness) maximizing the electrical response. Temperature lowering improves the diode electrical response.

我们设计了用于氚探测的碳化硅 PIN 二极管原型。蒙特卡洛计算表明，有必要在真空中工作，并采用薄而低密度的镀膜层，同时绘制了器件中的能量沉积曲线。然后利用沉积能量进行有限元模拟，以优化三个结构参数（n-掺杂浓度、p-掺杂浓度、p 区厚度），最大限度地提高电气响应。降低温度可改善二极管的电气响应。

引用次数: 0

Rare earth chloride Compositing and multiscale structure lead to high thermoelectric performance in p-type Cu3SbSe4 稀土氯化物合成和多尺度结构带来 p 型 Cu3SbSe4 的高热电性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113712

Cu₃SbSe₄ is a promising Te-free p-type thermoelectric material, characterized by earth-abundant, low-cost, and environmentally friendly constituents. Nonetheless, its thermoelectric performance is poor due to its extremely low electrical conductivity (deriving from the low carrier concentration) and high lattice thermal conductivity. Herein, we report a high-performance Cu₃SbSe₄-based material by compositing LaCl3 and introducing multiscale structure. The LaCl₃-composted Cu₃SbSe₄ forms heterojunctions that facilitate charge accumulation at the interfaces. The redistribution of electrons between the two materials increases the electrical conductivity without damaging the Seebeck coefficient, and thereby significantly improving the power factor to ∼1150 μWm⁻¹K⁻² for Cu₃SbSe₄-based bulk. Furthermore, the hierarchical architecture defects are induced by LaCl₃ compositing, yielding a minimum κ_lat of ∼0.68 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹ at 673 K. As a consequence, a maximum ZT value of ∼0.90 at 673 K is achieved in the Cu₃SbSe₄ +2 mol% LaCl₃ sample, representing an 80 % improvement compared to the pristine Cu₃SbSe₄.

Cu3SbSe4 是一种前景广阔的无碲 p 型热电材料，其特点是成分丰富、成本低且环保。然而，由于其极低的电导率（源于低载流子浓度）和高晶格热导率，其热电性能较差。在此，我们通过复合 LaCl3 并引入多尺度结构，报告了一种基于 Cu3SbSe4 的高性能材料。LaCl3 复合的 Cu3SbSe4 可形成异质结，从而促进电荷在界面上的积累。电子在两种材料之间的重新分配提高了导电性，同时又不破坏塞贝克系数，从而显著提高了基于 Cu3SbSe4 体的功率因数，达到 ∼1150 μWm-1K-2。此外，层状结构缺陷是由 LaCl3 复合引起的，在 673 K 时产生的最小 κlat 为 ∼0.68 Wm-1K-1。因此，在 673 K 时，Cu3SbSe4 +2 mol% LaCl3 样品的 ZT 值最大可达 ∼0.90，与原始 Cu3SbSe4 相比提高了 80%。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of electrode transparency on the plasma properties of a cylindrical IEC plasma source 电极透明度对圆柱形 IEC 等离子源等离子特性的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Vacuum

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113711

This study investigates the influence of cathode and anode grid transparency on the plasma properties of a Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement plasma source. The primary focus is to elucidate how variations in the transparency of the electrodes impact plasma characteristics and the operational performance of the source, particularly during spray jet mode. Employing optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Langmuir probe diagnostics, the plasma behavior is analyzed comprehensively. The results demonstrate that cathode transparency has a pronounced effect on discharge current and plasma density within the cathode. Conversely, the transparency of the anode has only a little influence the ignition characteristics and operational stability of the plasma source. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing cathode transparency to adjust both the pressure and voltage operating ranges of the IEC source in spray jet mode, optimizing its performance for various applications.

本研究调查了阴极和阳极栅透明度对圆柱形惯性静电约束等离子体源等离子体特性的影响。主要重点是阐明电极透明度的变化如何影响等离子体特性和源的运行性能，特别是在喷射模式下。利用光发射光谱（OES）和朗缪尔探针诊断法，对等离子体行为进行了全面分析。结果表明，阴极透明度对阴极内的放电电流和等离子体密度有明显影响。相反，阳极的透明度对等离子源的点火特性和运行稳定性影响很小。研究结果突出了利用阴极透明度来调整 IEC 源在喷射模式下的压力和电压工作范围，从而优化其性能以适应各种应用的重要性。

引用次数: 0

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