Earth observation technology’s alignment with OHCHR indicators for strengthening human rights breach investigations and adjudication

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL Science & Justice Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.scijus.2024.09.006

Seonaid Rapach , Annalisa Riccardi , Rhonda Wheate

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Abstract

Human rights investigations demand reliable data sources to substantiate alleged events, and satellite imagery offers diverse options crucial for evidential support. This paper delineates how Earth Observation (EO) imagery can be tailored to align with the requirements outlined by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) indicators, facilitating stakeholders in optimising their studies with applicable technological applications. To streamline EO technology, the paper categorises it into six primary payloads capable of observing such events: multispectral visible. multispectral infrared, passive microwave, hyperspectral, synthetic aperture radar, and meteorological datasets. Given variations in versatility across applications, the study further segregates each into ’full’ and ’partial’ applications. As shown here, EO data is an emerging form of digital evidence in legal proceedings for human rights breaches. The paper outlines the current trends in court cases and then outlines future opportunities for applications, based on the OHCHR taxonomy. This paper encourages investigators to fully consider the range of EO technology available, and the likely challenges to its relevance and admissibility, in such proceedings.

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地球观测技术与人权高专办加强侵犯人权行为调查和裁决指标的一致性

人权调查需要可靠的数据来源来证实所指控的事件，而卫星图像提供了对证据支持至关重要的多种选择。本文阐述了如何调整地球观测图像，使其符合联合国人权事务高级专员办事处（人权高专办）指标概述的要求，从而促进利益攸关方利用适用的技术应用优化其研究。为了简化 EO 技术，本文将其分为能够观测此类事件的六种主要有效载荷：多光谱可见光、多光谱红外、被动微波、超光谱、合成孔径雷达和气象数据集。鉴于不同应用的多功能性存在差异，研究进一步将每种应用分为 "全面 "和 "部分 "应用。如本文所示，在侵犯人权的法律诉讼中，EO 数据是一种新兴的数字证据形式。本文概述了法庭案件的当前趋势，然后根据人权高专办的分类法概述了未来的应用机会。本文鼓励调查人员在此类诉讼中充分考虑现有的各种地球观测技术，以及其相关性和可采性可能面临的挑战。

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来源期刊

Science & Justice 医学-病理学

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

15.80%

发文量

审稿时长

81 days

期刊介绍： Science & Justice provides a forum to promote communication and publication of original articles, reviews and correspondence on subjects that spark debates within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector. The journal provides a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed. Science & Justice is published six times a year, and will be of interest primarily to practising forensic scientists and their colleagues in related fields. It is chiefly concerned with the publication of formal scientific papers, in keeping with its international learned status, but will not accept any article describing experimentation on animals which does not meet strict ethical standards. Promote communication and informed debate within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector. To promote the publication of learned and original research findings from all areas of the forensic sciences and by so doing to advance the profession. To promote the publication of case based material by way of case reviews. To promote the publication of conference proceedings which are of interest to the forensic science community. To provide a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed. To appeal to all those with an interest in the forensic sciences.