Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Saudi Dental Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.001

Rawan F. Almedarham , Zainab H. Al Dawood , Fatimah M. Alatiyyah , Sultan Akhtar , Soban Q. Khan , Ashwin C. Shetty , Mohammed M. Gad

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Abstract

Objective

This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO₂) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging.

Methods

Three hundred 3D-printed specimens were used for testing. Groups were modified with nano-ZrO₂ or nano-SiO₂ at concentrations of 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% and an unmodified control group remained unmodified (n = 10). The bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were printed at 0, 45, and 90 degree orientations. Flexural properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The study employed various analyses to assess material properties and bonding.

Results

The flexural strength was significantly improved (P<0.001) by the inclusion of nano-ZrO₂ or nano-SiO₂, with a maximum value of 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa with 1 wt% nano-ZrO₂ at 45° build direction. The highest elastic modulus value observed was 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa with 0.5 wt% nano-SiO₂ at 90° build direction. Build direction, NP type, and NP concentration all had a statistically significant combined effect on flexural strength and elastic modulus (P=0.003*, P=0.045), respectively.

Conclusion

Incorporation of nano-SiO₂ and nano-ZrO₂ increased the flexural properties of the interim resin used in 3D printing. Following artificial aging, all the flexural property values in the modified groups showed minimal reduction regardless of the nanoparticle concentration, while the unmodified control group showed a significant reduction. Before and after artificial aging, samples at a 0 degree build direction had a considerably higher flexural strength, although the highest elastic modulus values were found in the 90 degree group. The findings underscore the potential of nanocomposites in strengthening interim dental restorations, offering promising advancements for clinical practice.

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用于临时固定义齿的添加剂制造树脂的挠曲性能：纳米粒子、构建方向和人工老化的影响

目的本研究探讨了三维（3D）打印临时树脂（ASIGA）中加入纳米二氧化锆（nano-ZrO2）和纳米二氧化硅（nano-SiO2）的纳米粒子（NPs）在不同构建方向和人工老化后的弯曲强度和弹性模量。测试中使用了 300 个三维打印试样，每组使用浓度为 0.5 wt% 或 1 wt% 的纳米二氧化锆（ZrO2）或纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）进行改性，未改性对照组保持不变（n = 10）。条形试样（25 × 2 × 2 毫米）按 0、45 和 90 度方向打印。使用万能试验机对弯曲性能进行了评估。结果加入纳米 ZrO2 或纳米 SiO2 后，弯曲强度显著提高（P<0.001），在 45° 构建方向上，1 wt% 纳米 ZrO2 的最大值为 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa。在 90° 构建方向上，0.5 wt% 纳米二氧化硅的弹性模量最大值为 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa。构建方向、NP 类型和 NP 浓度对弯曲强度和弹性模量的综合影响（P=0.003*，P=0.045）均具有统计学意义。人工老化后，无论纳米粒子的浓度如何，改性组的所有挠曲性能值的降低幅度都很小，而未改性的对照组则显著降低。在人工老化前后，0 度构建方向的样品具有更高的抗弯强度，但 90 度构建方向组的弹性模量值最高。这些发现强调了纳米复合材料在强化临时牙科修复体方面的潜力，为临床实践提供了可喜的进步。

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来源期刊

Saudi Dental Journal DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 weeks

期刊介绍： Saudi Dental Journal is an English language, peer-reviewed scholarly publication in the area of dentistry. Saudi Dental Journal publishes original research and reviews on, but not limited to: • dental disease • clinical trials • dental equipment • new and experimental techniques • epidemiology and oral health • restorative dentistry • periodontology • endodontology • prosthodontics • paediatric dentistry • orthodontics and dental education Saudi Dental Journal is the official publication of the Saudi Dental Society and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.