Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

Differences in linear and angular measurement of the lower facial third in lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry: A comparative study 侧面头颅测量法和侧面光度测量法在面部下三分之一处的线性和角度测量中的差异：比较研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.010

Nani Sesqui , Mochamad Fahlevi Rizal , Margaretha Suharsini

Background

In clinical orthodontic practice, to evaluate aesthetics in dentistry, lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry are used to measure and assess craniofacial morphology. In contrast to cephalometry, photometry has no radiation hazard and is less expensive. There has been a paradigm shift in contemporary orthodontics that now emphasizes soft tissue aesthetics, rather than depending entirely on hard tissue evaluation from lateral cephalometry. Therefore, the key question is whether lateral photometry can be a substitute for conventional cephalometry for diagnostics, prognostic analysis, and treatment planning.

Objective

To differentiate between lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry measurement in children with stage 2 and 3 vertebrae maturation in the Deutero Malay population.

Materials and Methods

A standardized protocol was followed for all lateral cephalograms and photographs from 38 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Three parameters focusing on the lower third craniofacial measurement were investigated: two linear parameters (mandibular ramus length and mandibular length) and one angular parameter (gonial angle). These parameters were measured using Webceph software. All parameters were digitized on both cephalograms and photographs and were compared using an independent sample t-test.

Results

When comparing the angular cephalometric and photometric variables, we found that the mandible length (Go-Me) and gonial angle (∠Go) in the cephalometry measurements had an insignificant difference compared to the photometric measurements, while the ramus length (Co-Go) in the cephalometry measurement had a significant difference compared to the photometric measurements.

Conclusion

Although we cannot rule out cephalometry as the primary record in orthodontics, lateral photometry assessment can be used as an alternative candidate for measuring mandibular body measurements and gonial angle in stage 2 and 3 cervical maturation in the Deutero Malay race.

背景在临床正畸实践中，为了评估牙科美学，侧方头颅测量法和侧方光度测量法被用来测量和评估颅面形态。与头颅测量法相比，光度测量法没有辐射危害，而且成本较低。当代正畸学的模式已经发生了转变，现在强调的是软组织美学，而不是完全依赖于侧向头颅测量法对硬组织的评估。因此，问题的关键在于侧位光度法是否可以替代传统的头颅测量法，用于诊断、预后分析和治疗计划。 Objective To differentiate between lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry measurement in children with stage 2 and 3 vertebrahature maturation in the Deutero Malay population.Materials and Methods 对符合纳入标准的 38 名受试者的所有侧位头颅影像和照片均按照标准化方案进行测量。研究重点是下第三颅面测量的三个参数：两个线性参数（下颌嵴长和下颌长）和一个角度参数（盂角）。这些参数使用 Webceph 软件进行测量。结果在比较头颅测量和光度测量的角度变量时，我们发现头颅测量中的下颌长度（Go-Me）和盂角（∠Go）与光度测量相比差异不明显，而头颅测量中的颌骨长度（Co-Go）与光度测量相比差异明显。结论虽然我们不能排除将头颅测量作为正畸的主要记录，但侧向光度评估可作为替代方法，用于测量德特罗马来人第二和第三阶段颈椎成熟期的下颌骨体测量和盂角。

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引用次数: 0

Flexural properties of additive manufactured resin designated for interim fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of nanoparticles, build direction, and artificial aging 用于临时固定义齿的添加剂制造树脂的挠曲性能：纳米粒子、构建方向和人工老化的影响

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.001

Rawan F. Almedarham , Zainab H. Al Dawood , Fatimah M. Alatiyyah , Sultan Akhtar , Soban Q. Khan , Ashwin C. Shetty , Mohammed M. Gad

Objective

This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO₂) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging.

Methods

Three hundred 3D-printed specimens were used for testing. Groups were modified with nano-ZrO₂ or nano-SiO₂ at concentrations of 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% and an unmodified control group remained unmodified (n = 10). The bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were printed at 0, 45, and 90 degree orientations. Flexural properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The study employed various analyses to assess material properties and bonding.

Results

The flexural strength was significantly improved (P<0.001) by the inclusion of nano-ZrO₂ or nano-SiO₂, with a maximum value of 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa with 1 wt% nano-ZrO₂ at 45° build direction. The highest elastic modulus value observed was 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa with 0.5 wt% nano-SiO₂ at 90° build direction. Build direction, NP type, and NP concentration all had a statistically significant combined effect on flexural strength and elastic modulus (P=0.003*, P=0.045), respectively.

Conclusion

Incorporation of nano-SiO₂ and nano-ZrO₂ increased the flexural properties of the interim resin used in 3D printing. Following artificial aging, all the flexural property values in the modified groups showed minimal reduction regardless of the nanoparticle concentration, while the unmodified control group showed a significant reduction. Before and after artificial aging, samples at a 0 degree build direction had a considerably higher flexural strength, although the highest elastic modulus values were found in the 90 degree group. The findings underscore the potential of nanocomposites in strengthening interim dental restorations, offering promising advancements for clinical practice.

目的本研究探讨了三维（3D）打印临时树脂（ASIGA）中加入纳米二氧化锆（nano-ZrO2）和纳米二氧化硅（nano-SiO2）的纳米粒子（NPs）在不同构建方向和人工老化后的弯曲强度和弹性模量。测试中使用了 300 个三维打印试样，每组使用浓度为 0.5 wt% 或 1 wt% 的纳米二氧化锆（ZrO2）或纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）进行改性，未改性对照组保持不变（n = 10）。条形试样（25 × 2 × 2 毫米）按 0、45 和 90 度方向打印。使用万能试验机对弯曲性能进行了评估。结果加入纳米 ZrO2 或纳米 SiO2 后，弯曲强度显著提高（P<0.001），在 45° 构建方向上，1 wt% 纳米 ZrO2 的最大值为 61.8 ± 4.3 MPa。在 90° 构建方向上，0.5 wt% 纳米二氧化硅的弹性模量最大值为 998.2 ± 91.2 MPa。构建方向、NP 类型和 NP 浓度对弯曲强度和弹性模量的综合影响（P=0.003*，P=0.045）均具有统计学意义。人工老化后，无论纳米粒子的浓度如何，改性组的所有挠曲性能值的降低幅度都很小，而未改性的对照组则显著降低。在人工老化前后，0 度构建方向的样品具有更高的抗弯强度，但 90 度构建方向组的弹性模量值最高。这些发现强调了纳米复合材料在强化临时牙科修复体方面的潜力，为临床实践提供了可喜的进步。

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引用次数: 0

The potential of exosomes from adipose-derived stromal-vascular fraction in Increasing Migration Activity of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells (in vitro study) 来自脂肪源性基质血管部分的外泌体在提高人牙髓基质细胞迁移活性方面的潜力（体外研究）

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.005

Sylva Dinie Alinda , Anggraini Margono , Indah Yulianto , Ike Dwi Maharti , Reizka Asadelia Rafmawan

Background

Migration of dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) significantly responds to wound healing after pulp injury. Deriving from low compliance characteristics, pulp tissue regeneration is challenging and depends on the microenvironmental signals. Exosomes can maintain and carry bioactive proteins that are crucial in cell communication. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF), a heterogeneous group of progenitor cells, is a promising source of exosomes.

Objective

Discover the impact of exosomes derived from an adipose-derived stromal-vascular fraction (AD-SVF Exo) on human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) migration. Methods: In-vitro design involving AD-SVF Exo applied to hDPSCs cultivated until 80% confluence and 3rd-4th passage. AD-SVF Exo isolation through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The AD-SVF Exo was characterized using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry assays. hDPSCs were exposed to AD-SVF Exo (0% as the control group, 0.1%, and 1% as the experimental group), subjected to a scratch wound assay, and observed at 6, 24, and 48 h.

Results

hDPSCs cultured expressed mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers and formed loose colonies with characteristic spindle-shaped morphology. AD-SVF Exo consisted of marker proteins CD9 and CD63, and NTA measurement demonstrated a diameter of 103 ± 24 nm in diameter with 1,6 x 10⁸ particles/ml. Based on scratch assay, hDPSCs migration activity improved by reduced wound area in experimental groups. Data analyzed utilizing the Friedman (p < 0.001), and Kruskal Wallis (p < 0.05) test indicated differences in wound area after exposure of 0.1 % and 1 % AD-SVF Exo and observed at 6, 24, and 48 h.

Conclusion

According to the findings of this research, AD-SVF Exo successfully enhances the wound healing capabilities of hDPSCs by improved migration activity, with the highest result found in 0.1% AD-SVF Exo.

背景牙髓基质细胞（DPSCs）的迁移对牙髓损伤后的伤口愈合起着重要作用。由于牙髓组织的低顺应性特征，牙髓组织的再生具有挑战性，并且取决于微环境信号。外泌体可以维持和携带对细胞交流至关重要的生物活性蛋白。脂肪组织源性基质血管组分（AD-SVF）是一组异质的祖细胞，是一种很有前景的外泌体来源。目的：研究脂肪组织源性基质血管组分（AD-SVF Exo）中提取的外泌体对人牙髓基质细胞（hDPSCs）迁移的影响。方法：在体外设计中，将 AD-SVF Exo 应用于培养至 80% 汇合度和第 3-4 期的 hDPSCs。通过尺寸排阻色谱（SEC）分离 AD-SVF Exo。将hDPSCs暴露于AD-SVF Exo（0%为对照组，0.1%和1%为实验组），进行划痕伤口试验，并在6、24和48小时后进行观察。结果hDPSCs培养物表达间充质干细胞间充质干细胞（MSC）标记，并形成具有纺锤形形态特征的疏松菌落。AD-SVF Exo 由标记蛋白 CD9 和 CD63 组成，NTA 测量显示其直径为 103 ± 24 nm，颗粒数为 1,6 x 108 个/ml。根据划痕试验，实验组的 hDPSCs 迁移活性随着伤口面积的减少而提高。使用 Friedman（p <0.001）和 Kruskal Wallis（p <0.05）检验分析的数据表明，暴露于 0.1 % 和 1 % AD-SVF Exo 后，伤口面积在 6、24 和 48 h 存在差异。

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引用次数: 0

Digital photometric analysis as a non-invasive method to determine gingival phenotype: A comparative study 数字光度分析是确定牙龈表型的非侵入性方法：比较研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.005

Seham Altaweel , Maha Sehli , Mirna Khogeer , Rahmah Ayyash , Saleh Al Zahrani , Thamer Al-Ghalib , Mohamed Abdelrasoul

Objective

Identification of periodontal phenotype is critical in clinical practice. Thick and thin tissues respond differently to inflammation, and trauma. It significantly influences the outcomes of restorative treatment, regenerative therapy, and success of implants and periodontal surgery. Periodontal phenotype can be assessed via invasive or non-invasive methods. This study aimed to establish the reliability of non-invasive methods in determining gingival phenotypes in comparison with validated methods.

Methods

This preapproved cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Batterjee Medical College in Saudi Arabia. The participants were conveniently sampled based on the inclusion criteria. The clinical study utilized Colorvue® biotype probes to evaluate gingival tissue phenotype in the region of interest, intraoral digital scanner (IOS) (iTero® scanner), and digital photography. Densitometric acquisition of photographs and intraoral scans was performed using Adobe Photoshop to quantify three-dimensional color measurements expressed in Delta E values (ΔE). Furthermore, patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) were used to evaluate anxiety and pain perception. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The analysis of color difference values (ΔE) revealed significant variations in color perception across methods for the thin, medium and very thick groups, indicating perceptible color differences (p < 0.001). The assessment of anxiety levels indicated a statistically significant decrease in stress levels in favor of the IOS method for the medium phenotype. Furthermore, perceived pain was significantly lower with the IOS method than with the probing method for all phenotypes.

Conclusion

Densitometric analysis of standardized clinical photographs and intraoral scans of the marginal gingiva offers a promising, non-invasive, less stressful, and virtually non-painful method of periodontal phenotype evaluation with reliable numerical outputs. Furthermore, these data may be used to feed AI systems, where machines can learn to recognize color differences and possibly deduce phenotype assessments.

目的确定牙周表型在临床实践中至关重要。厚组织和薄组织对炎症和创伤的反应不同。它极大地影响着修复治疗、再生治疗的效果以及种植体和牙周手术的成功率。牙周表型可通过侵入性或非侵入性方法进行评估。本研究旨在确定非侵入性方法与有效方法在确定牙龈表型方面的可靠性。参与者是根据纳入标准方便地抽取的。临床研究利用 Colorvue® 生物型探针、口内数字扫描仪（IOS）（iTero® 扫描仪）和数字摄影来评估相关区域的牙龈组织表型。使用 Adobe Photoshop 对照片和口内扫描进行密度测量，以三角洲 E 值 (ΔE) 表示的三维颜色测量值进行量化。此外，还采用了患者报告体验测量法（PREMs）来评估焦虑和疼痛感。结果色差值（ΔE）分析显示，不同方法下，薄、中和极厚组的颜色感知存在显著差异，表明存在可感知的颜色差异（p < 0.001）。对焦虑水平的评估表明，对于中等表型的人来说，采用 IOS 方法会显著降低压力水平。结论对边缘牙龈的标准化临床照片和口内扫描进行密度测量分析，提供了一种前景广阔、非侵入性、压力较小且几乎无疼痛感的牙周表型评估方法，并具有可靠的数字输出。此外，这些数据还可用于人工智能系统，让机器学会识别颜色差异，从而推断出表型评估结果。

{"title":"Digital photometric analysis as a non-invasive method to determine gingival phenotype: A comparative study","authors":"Seham Altaweel , Maha Sehli , Mirna Khogeer , Rahmah Ayyash , Saleh Al Zahrani , Thamer Al-Ghalib , Mohamed Abdelrasoul","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Identification of periodontal phenotype is critical in clinical practice. Thick and thin tissues respond differently to inflammation, and trauma. It significantly influences the outcomes of restorative treatment, regenerative therapy, and success of implants and periodontal surgery. Periodontal phenotype can be assessed via invasive or non-invasive methods. This study aimed to establish the reliability of non-invasive methods in determining gingival phenotypes in comparison with validated methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This preapproved cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Batterjee Medical College in Saudi Arabia. The participants were conveniently sampled based on the inclusion criteria. The clinical study utilized Colorvue® biotype probes to evaluate gingival tissue phenotype in the region of interest, intraoral digital scanner (IOS) (iTero® scanner), and digital photography. Densitometric acquisition of photographs and intraoral scans was performed using Adobe Photoshop to quantify three-dimensional color measurements expressed in Delta E values (ΔE). Furthermore, patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) were used to evaluate anxiety and pain perception. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis of color difference values (ΔE) revealed significant variations in color perception across methods for the thin, medium and very thick groups, indicating perceptible color differences (p < 0.001). The assessment of anxiety levels indicated a statistically significant decrease in stress levels in favor of the IOS method for the medium phenotype. Furthermore, perceived pain was significantly lower with the IOS method than with the probing method for all phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Densitometric analysis of standardized clinical photographs and intraoral scans of the marginal gingiva offers a promising, non-invasive, less stressful, and virtually non-painful method of periodontal phenotype evaluation with reliable numerical outputs. Furthermore, these data may be used to feed AI systems, where machines can learn to recognize color differences and possibly deduce phenotype assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 11","pages":"Pages 1466-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial adhesion on different types of orthodontic brackets and wires: An in vitro study 不同类型正畸托槽和钢丝上的微生物附着力：体外研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.004

Huda Abutayyem , Mahra Abdullatif Alshehhi , Maha Alameri , Muhammad Sohail Zafar

Objective

The objective of this study was to compare the microbial adhesion of different oral pathogens on different wires used in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the potential of these pathogens to form biofilms on different types of orthodontic wires and brackets.

Methods

In this in vitro investigation, we calculated that the sample size for each group (i.e., those with brackets [metal braces, ceramic braces, and self-ligating braces] and wires [nickel titanium, titanium molybdenum, and stainless steel]) should be 15 individuals. Five types of microbes (Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) were used. Three types of brackets and three types of wires were used with five types of bacteria, and the process was repeated three times to collect the average.

Results

No significant differences were observed in the mean concentrations of bacteria in the different brackets (p > 0.05) or in the mean concentrations in the different orthodontic materials used in these brackets. In contrast, there were considerable differences between the concentrations of bacteria in the wires and those in the brackets (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Different wires and brackets have different associations with bacterial adhesion and concentration. The wires exhibited more substantial biofilm absorbance and concentrations than the brackets. The adhesion of biofilm may be a decisive factor when choosing a type of orthodontic wire, particularly for individuals at high risk of developing bacterial oral diseases, such as periodontal diseases and dental caries.

本研究的目的是比较不同口腔病原体在正畸治疗中使用的不同钢丝上的微生物粘附性，并评估这些病原体在不同类型的正畸钢丝和托槽上形成生物膜的可能性、金属矫治器、陶瓷矫治器和自锁式矫治器）和钢丝（镍钛、钛钼和不锈钢）的样本量应为 15 人。使用了五种微生物（变异链球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌）。结果在不同托槽中细菌的平均浓度（p> 0.05）或在这些托槽中使用的不同正畸材料中细菌的平均浓度方面没有观察到显著差异。结论不同的钢丝和托槽与细菌的粘附和浓度有不同的关系。与托槽相比，钢丝表现出更高的生物膜吸收率和浓度。在选择正畸钢丝类型时，生物膜的附着力可能是一个决定性的因素，尤其是对于罹患细菌性口腔疾病（如牙周病和龋齿）的高风险人群。

{"title":"Microbial adhesion on different types of orthodontic brackets and wires: An in vitro study","authors":"Huda Abutayyem , Mahra Abdullatif Alshehhi , Maha Alameri , Muhammad Sohail Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to compare the microbial adhesion of different oral pathogens on different wires used in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the potential of these pathogens to form biofilms on different types of orthodontic wires and brackets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this in vitro investigation, we calculated that the sample size for each group (i.e., those with brackets [metal braces, ceramic braces, and self-ligating braces] and wires [nickel titanium, titanium molybdenum, and stainless steel]) should be 15 individuals. Five types of microbes (<em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>) were used. Three types of brackets and three types of wires were used with five types of bacteria, and the process was repeated three times to collect the average.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were observed in the mean concentrations of bacteria in the different brackets (p > 0.05) or in the mean concentrations in the different orthodontic materials used in these brackets. In contrast, there were considerable differences between the concentrations of bacteria in the wires and those in the brackets (p < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Different wires and brackets have different associations with bacterial adhesion and concentration. The wires exhibited more substantial biofilm absorbance and concentrations than the brackets. The adhesion of biofilm may be a decisive factor when choosing a type of orthodontic wire, particularly for individuals at high risk of developing bacterial oral diseases, such as periodontal diseases and dental caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 11","pages":"Pages 1459-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of active oxygen gel on the clinical parameters of MRONJ 活性氧凝胶对 MRONJ 临床参数的影响

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.003

Bruna Cristina de Cristo , Hassan Yousef Saleh , Suyany Weiss , Aline Sebastiani , Mohammed Elsalanty , Rafaela Scariot , Tatiana Miranda Deliberador

Purpose

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a gel with active oxygen in the prevention of MRONJ.

Methods

Using split-mouth study design, twelve Wistar rats were used, females (n = 6) and males (n = 6). All rats received a weekly intravenous injection of zoledronate (80 μg / kg body weight in PBS) for 8 weeks. Then, the animals underwent surgery to remove the first and second right and left mandibular molars to induce osteonecrosis. The animals received topical application of oxygen gel (blue®m) on the right-side extraction site (Group T) 3 times a week until euthanasia after 6 weeks, with no intervention on the left side (Group C). The clinical parameters analyzed included the presence and dimension of bone exposure, suppuration and epithelialization.

Results

Statistical analysis using chi-square and Mann-Whitney test (p value < 0.05) demonstrated that group C had more severe signs of MRONJ at euthanasia than in the group T.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this pilot study, we can conclude that the application of active oxygen gel could be beneficial in the prevention of MRONJ.

方法采用分口研究设计，使用 12 只 Wistar 大鼠，雌性（n = 6）和雄性（n = 6）。所有大鼠每周静脉注射唑来膦酸钠（80 μg / kg 体重，PBS）8 周。然后，动物接受手术，拔除左右下颌第一和第二磨牙，以诱导骨坏死。动物在右侧拔牙部位（T组）接受氧凝胶（蓝®m）外敷，每周3次，直至6周后安乐死，左侧拔牙部位（C组）不接受干预。结果使用卡方检验和曼-惠特尼检验（p 值为 0.05）进行的统计分析表明，C 组动物在安乐死时的 MRONJ 症状比 T 组严重。

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引用次数: 0

Drug delivery systems in periodontitis: A visualization and bibliometric analysis 牙周炎的给药系统：可视化和文献计量分析

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.015

Xia Chen , Xiaoping Liao , Yu Luo , Xiaoyan Zou , Hui Ji , Mingji Yang , Fang Ye

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate research hotspots and trends in the field of periodontitis and drug delivery systems from the perspective of bibliometrics.

Methods

Publications related to periodontitis and drug delivery systems between 2001 and 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix.”

Results

A total of 299 articles from 46 countries, primarily India and China, were included in the analysis, and the number of articles related to periodontitis and drug delivery systems were found to be increasing annually. Silpakorn University, the Government Dental College and Research Institute, and the Indian Institute of Technology were identified as the main research institutions investigating the topic, while the Journal of Periodontology emerged as the most popular and co-cited journal in this field. Among the authors of these articles, Thawatchai Phaechamud published the most papers and Gary Greenstein was the most co-cited author. The development of more suitable treatment methods for periodontitis and materials for developing drug delivery systems is a major focus in this research field, with “implants,” “efficacy,” “nanoparticles,” and “mucoadhesive” being the main emerging research hotspots.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive bibliometric study summarizing research trends and developments in the field of periodontitis and drug delivery systems. This information elucidates the latest research frontiers and can assist in conceptualizing new directions in research on periodontitis and drug delivery systems.

本研究旨在从文献计量学的角度评估牙周炎和给药系统领域的研究热点和趋势。方法从Web of Science Core Collection数据库中检索2001年至2023年间与牙周炎和给药系统相关的文献。结果共有来自 46 个国家（主要是印度和中国）的 299 篇文章被纳入分析，发现与牙周炎和给药系统相关的文章数量呈逐年上升趋势。Silpakorn 大学、政府牙科学院和研究所以及印度理工学院被确定为研究该主题的主要研究机构，而《牙周病学杂志》则成为该领域最受欢迎和被共同引用最多的杂志。在这些文章的作者中，Thawatchai Phaechamud 发表的论文最多，Gary Greenstein 是被联合引用最多的作者。开发更合适的牙周炎治疗方法和药物输送系统材料是该研究领域的重点，其中 "种植体"、"疗效"、"纳米颗粒 "和 "粘液黏附剂 "是主要的新兴研究热点。这些信息阐明了最新的研究前沿，有助于构思牙周炎和给药系统研究的新方向。

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引用次数: 0

The potential integration of Simodont® Dental Trainer in different stages of the dental curriculum 将 Simodont® 牙科训练器融入不同阶段牙科课程的可能性

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.002

Mahmoud M. Bakr , Ghassan Idris , Mahmoud Al Ankily

Background

The lack of standardised studies remains an obstacle to developing a consistent approach to integrating virtual dental simulation (VDS) into dental education. The aim of this study was to develop consensus among experienced educators and dental practitioners on the optimal integration of VDS at various stages of dental curricula. The goal was to propose clear yet flexible recommendations that could be implemented by most educational institutions.

Methods

Focus groups were established, consisting of experienced academic educators involved in VDS, experienced academic staff who had not previously been involved in VDS, and experienced dental practitioners. These groups exchanged ideas about the best ways to integrate VDS into dental curricula. The Simodont® Dental Trainer system was used to design a curriculum for VDS.

Results

The expert group agreed that VDS for manual dexterity exercises should be introduced in the first year of dental curricula. This should be followed by cariology exercises in the second year and crown preparation exercises in the third year, alongside traditional manikin-based simulation exercises. Additionally, VDS was recommended for senior students on an ad hoc basis for academic recovery purposes. However, VDS endodontic exercises were excluded from the proposed integrative dental curriculum. Other ways of utilising VDS were identified, such as student recruitment activities and intensive refreshment programs at the start of each academic year.

Conclusions

This study proposes a flexible approach to including VDS in dental curricula. This proposed approach can be customised to meet the specific needs of each educational institution, providing a tailored learning experience for students.

背景缺乏标准化的研究仍然是将虚拟口腔模拟（VDS）整合到口腔医学教育中的一个障碍。这项研究的目的是让有经验的教育者和牙科医生就如何在牙科课程的不同阶段优化整合VDS达成共识。方法成立了由参与 VDS 的经验丰富的学术教育工作者、以前未参与过 VDS 的经验丰富的学术人员和经验丰富的牙科医生组成的焦点小组。这些小组就将 VDS 纳入牙科课程的最佳方法交换了意见。结果专家组一致认为，应在第一年的牙科课程中引入VDS进行徒手灵活性练习。随后，在第二年进行龋学练习，在第三年进行牙冠预备练习，同时进行传统的人体模型模拟练习。此外，出于恢复学业的目的，建议高年级学生临时进行 VDS。然而，VDS 根管治疗练习被排除在拟议的综合牙科课程之外。这项研究提出了将 VDS 纳入牙科课程的灵活方法。这项研究提出了一种将 VDS 纳入牙科课程的灵活方法，这种方法可以根据每个教育机构的具体需求进行定制，为学生提供量身定制的学习体验。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effectiveness of various agents as interim preservative media for biopsy specimens: An experimental in vitro study 评估各种制剂作为活组织切片标本临时保存介质的有效性：体外实验研究

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.001

Hawra Ali Aljanobi , Amr S. Bugshan , Muneer H. AlShuyukh , Mohammed M. Al-Hulami , Asim M. Khan

In the field of medicine, diagnosing diseases involves various steps, procedures, and protocols. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for a definitive and accurate diagnosis. This process relies on an initial step of tissue fixation.

Formaldehyde is a traditional fixative material and is typically used as 10% or 4% buffered solutions. However, significant health risks are associated with formaldehyde exposure.

Our paper aimed to evaluate and compare variable media as a preservative agent. The study included eight groups as follows: (1) normal saline 0.9%; (2) local anesthesia with epinephrine (2% Lidocaine HCl/ 1:100,000 epi); (3) local anesthesia without epinephrine (3% Mepivacaine HCl/ plain); (4) distilled water; (5) Saliva collected from healthy male participants; (6) Milk (Almarai- full-fat fresh milk); (7) Propolis; and (8) l0% formalin. Three tissue samples from each group were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h after being preserved for 6 h at ambient temperature in their respective media. All specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin.

The following histological structures were assessed: (1) superficial 1/3 of the epithelium, (2) middle 1/3 of the epithelium, (3) lower 1/3 of the epithelium, (4) basement membrane/rete ridges, (5) fibrous connective tissue, (6) blood vessels/endothelial cells, (7) skeletal muscle, (8) adipose tissue, and (9) nerve bundles. A numerical rating system was employed to assess these components, with scores ranging from 1 to 4.

Our findings suggest propolis has promising potential as a tissue fixative. This study highlighted the effectiveness of propolis as a preservative and fixative solution, which warrants further investigation.

在医学领域，诊断疾病涉及各种步骤、程序和规程。组织病理学检查仍然是确诊和准确诊断的黄金标准。甲醛是一种传统的固定材料，通常以 10% 或 4% 缓冲溶液的形式使用。我们的论文旨在评估和比较作为防腐剂的可变介质。研究包括以下八组：(1)0.9%生理盐水；(2)含肾上腺素的局部麻醉（2%盐酸利多卡因/ 1:100,000肾上腺素）；(3)不含肾上腺素的局部麻醉（3%盐酸甲哌卡因/普通）；(4)蒸馏水；(5)健康男性参与者的唾液；(6)牛奶（Almarai-全脂鲜牛奶）；(7)蜂胶；(8)10%福尔马林。每组的三个组织样本在各自的培养基中室温保存 6 小时后，在 10% 福尔马林中固定 24 小时。对以下组织结构进行评估：(1) 表层 1/3 上皮，(2) 中层 1/3 上皮，(3) 下层 1/3 上皮，(4) 基底膜/骨脊，(5) 纤维结缔组织，(6) 血管/内皮细胞，(7) 骨骼肌，(8) 脂肪组织，(9) 神经束。我们的研究结果表明，蜂胶具有作为组织固定剂的潜力。这项研究强调了蜂胶作为防腐剂和固定液的有效性，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Current applications and future perspective of virtual reality in dental education and practice in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review 虚拟现实技术在沙特阿拉伯牙科教育和实践中的当前应用和未来展望：范围审查

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Saudi Dental Journal

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.09.007

Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi , Hatem Hazzaa Hamadallah , Harith Fahad Oqbi , Sarah A. Almuzaini , Sary Borzangy

Objective

This scoping review aimed to evaluate the current state of virtual reality (VR) implementation in dental education and practice in Saudi Arabia, highlighting its advantages and challenges.

Methods

A scoping review examined VR’s role in regrading dental education and practice in Saudi Arabia by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2024. Studies including VR applications for education, skills development, or anxiety/pain management involving Saudi dental students and practitioners were included.

Results

Eleven relevant studies were identified: 5 focused on education and 6 on clinical practice. Educational studies showed mixed effectiveness of VR versus traditional methods but positive student perceptions. Clinical application studies also had mixed results on VR’s impact on anxiety and pain, though some benefits were noted. VR systems included distraction-based, simulator-based, and hybrid VR/augmented reality with artificial intelligence.

Conclusion

While the current implementation of VR in dental practice in Saudi Arabia shows promise, particularly in enhancing students’ engagement and reducing patients’ anxiety, more comprehensive and robust research is needed to validate its effectiveness fully. Strategic efforts should focus on expanding research, tailoring applications, and integrating VR with traditional methods to align with the healthcare objectives of Vision 2030.

目的本范围界定综述旨在评估虚拟现实（VR）在沙特阿拉伯牙科教育和实践中的实施现状，突出其优势和挑战。方法范围界定综述通过搜索电子数据库，包括PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus，研究了VR在沙特阿拉伯牙科教育和实践中的作用。研究内容包括将 VR 应用于教育、技能开发或焦虑/疼痛管理，涉及沙特的牙科学生和从业人员：结果发现了七项相关研究：五项侧重于教育，六项侧重于临床实践。教育研究显示，VR 与传统方法相比效果不一，但学生的看法是积极的。关于 VR 对焦虑和疼痛的影响，临床应用研究的结果也不尽相同，但也注意到了一些益处。结论虽然目前在沙特阿拉伯的牙科实践中实施 VR 显示出了前景，特别是在提高学生参与度和减少患者焦虑方面，但还需要更全面、更有力的研究来充分验证其有效性。战略工作应侧重于扩大研究、定制应用以及将 VR 与传统方法相结合，以符合《2030 年远景规划》的医疗保健目标。

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引用次数: 0