Biogenic silver nanoparticles from Solanum trilobatum leaf extract and assessing their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential

Abstract

Current study establishes synthesis of AgNPs from Solanum trilobatum by a simple microwave protocol. Major phytoconstituents such as solasodine, solanine, solanidine were present in the leaves extract of Solanum trilobatum were examined and explored by GC-MS analysis. In vitro anti-oxidant analysis of green synthesized AgNPs from Solanum trilobatum leaf extract using DPPH and ABTS assays reveals that IC50 values (14.10 µg/ml and 12.90 µg/ml) equipotent anti-oxidant activity with reference standard trolox IC50 values (9.10 µg/ml and 9.80 µg/ml) respectively. UV–Visible spectroscopy analysis of green synthesized AgNPs shown its maximal absorbance of at 420 nm, which affirms that green mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Solanum trilobatum. The results of FT-IR spectral analysis showed that flavonoids, sterols, saponin alkaloids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides were existed in Solanum trilobatum aqueous plant leaf extract, which were responsible for the reduction and subsequent capping of AgNPs. X-ray diffraction method confirmed that silver nanoparticles have spherical crystals with face-centered cubic structure. Zeta potential spectroscopy revealed the stability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. The results of the particle size analyzer confirm that the average size of the green-synthesised AgNPs is 50 nm. Scanning electron microscope images of green synthesized silver nanoparticles show the formation of spheres and stones. HR-TEM results further affirm that sphere size of AgNPs. Further green synthesized AgNPs screened for its anti-microbial potential against bacterial cultures of E.coli (MTCC 452), P. aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), S. typhi (MTCC 733) and K. pneumonia (MTCC 39) and their result revealed that zone of inhibition 19 ± 0.11, 17 ± 0.08, 13 ± 0.07 and 16 ± 0.11 mm respectively. Finally, the explored phytocompounds from Solanum trilobatum and standard drugs tetracyclin was screened against four clinical pathogen membrane target proteins reveals that excellent binding affinity with maximal docking score -9.4 kcal/mol by solasodine against target protein Klebsiella pneumonia AcrB with the BDM91288 efflux pump (PDB ID 8P1I). Significance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis from Solanum trilobatum offers significant antimicrobial and antioxidant benefits. Silver nanoparticles from S. trilobatum act as promising candidates for therapeutic applications, particularly in combating infections and oxidative damage in biomedical applications.