{"title":"Humidity-responsive actuators of synthesized graphene oxide/gelatin composite hydrogels: Effect of oxidation degree of graphene oxide","authors":"Supanit Chungyampin , Wissanu Charerntanom , Phakkhananan Pakawanit , Nophawan Paradee , Sumonman Niamlang","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.116032","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared for humidity-responsive actuator application. GO has outstanding properties such as single-atom thickness, abundant oxygen, water solubility, and good moisture absorption. GO was prepared at various graphite:potassium permanganate (oxidizer) ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4; the corresponding structures are denoted as GO1, GO2, GO3, and GO4, respectively). The GO particles synthesized according to the effect of the oxidizer ratio were characterized to elucidate the internal morphology and humidity response. The defects and disorders and morphological properties of the GO particles were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. To study the humidity-responsive properties, the prepared GO was blended with gelatin (GEL). The bending angle of the GO/GEL hydrogel was studied at relative humidities of 80–85 % at 37 ºC. The internal structure morphology of the blend gel was analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. GO2/GEL was selected for the development of a humidity-responsive actuator because of its optimal intensity ratio (<em>I</em><sub><em>D</em></sub><em>/I</em><sub><em>G</em></sub>) in the Raman spectrum. X-ray and TEM images showed the good dispersion of GO2 particles in the hydrogel matrix. GO2/GEL exhibited the largest bending angle (<em>θ</em> = 930.11 ± 49.28º) and fast humidity response (angular rate of change ∼ 9.380 ± 0.513 ºs<sup>−1</sup>). Thus, GO2 particles are suitable for use as a humidity-responsive material for humidity actuator applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21689,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 116032"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sensors and Actuators A-physical","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424724010264","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared for humidity-responsive actuator application. GO has outstanding properties such as single-atom thickness, abundant oxygen, water solubility, and good moisture absorption. GO was prepared at various graphite:potassium permanganate (oxidizer) ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4; the corresponding structures are denoted as GO1, GO2, GO3, and GO4, respectively). The GO particles synthesized according to the effect of the oxidizer ratio were characterized to elucidate the internal morphology and humidity response. The defects and disorders and morphological properties of the GO particles were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. To study the humidity-responsive properties, the prepared GO was blended with gelatin (GEL). The bending angle of the GO/GEL hydrogel was studied at relative humidities of 80–85 % at 37 ºC. The internal structure morphology of the blend gel was analyzed by synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. GO2/GEL was selected for the development of a humidity-responsive actuator because of its optimal intensity ratio (ID/IG) in the Raman spectrum. X-ray and TEM images showed the good dispersion of GO2 particles in the hydrogel matrix. GO2/GEL exhibited the largest bending angle (θ = 930.11 ± 49.28º) and fast humidity response (angular rate of change ∼ 9.380 ± 0.513 ºs−1). Thus, GO2 particles are suitable for use as a humidity-responsive material for humidity actuator applications.
期刊介绍：
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas:
• Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results.
• Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon.
• Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays.
• Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers.
Etc...
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