How Rhodococcus ruber accelerated biodegradation of benzophenone-3

IF 11.3 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Hazardous Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-15 Epub Date: 2024-11-18 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136566

Fei Liu , Yue Ma , Wenxuan Li , Jue Cai , Haiyun Zhang , Fu Chen , Yongming Zhang , Bruce E. Rittmann

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Abstract

Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BP-3) poses risks to human health and natural ecosystems, and means to improve its biodegradation are necessary. When a small mass of Rhodococcus ruber, isolated from BP-3-acclimated biomass, was bioaugmented into the acclimated biomass, BP-3 removal was accelerated by 120 %. The first step of BP-3 biodegradation generates either 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (5-OH-BP-3) or benzophenone-1 (2,4-dihydoxybenzophenone, BP-1). BP-1 is generated by sequential demethylation, hydroxylation, and dehydrogenation reactions, while 5-OH-BP-3 is generated by one mono-oxygenation reaction. Of the two intermediates, 5-OH-BP-3 exhibited stronger inhibition than BP-1 or the original BP-3. Gene-completion mapping showed that R. ruber contains genes for demethylase, hydrolase, dehydrogenase, and mono-oxygenase reaction, which means that R. ruber could generate the less-toxic BP-1. Thus, bioaugmentation of R. ruber into BP-3-acclimated biomass eliminated the accumulation of 5-OH-BP-3 and, consequently, accelerated of BP-3 biodegradation via BP-1.

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红葡萄球菌如何加速二苯甲酮-3 的生物降解

二苯甲酮-3（2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮，BP-3）对人类健康和自然生态系统构成风险，因此有必要改善其生物降解。将从 BP-3 适应生物质中分离出的少量红球菌（Rhodococcus ruber）生物增殖到适应生物质中，BP-3 的去除速度加快了 120%。BP-3 生物降解的第一步是生成 2,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（5-OH-BP-3）或二苯甲酮-1（2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮，BP-1）。BP-1 是通过连续的脱甲基、羟基和脱氢反应生成的，而 5-OH-BP-3 则是通过一个单氧反应生成的。在这两种中间产物中，5-OH-BP-3 比 BP-1 或原始 BP-3 表现出更强的抑制作用。基因补全图谱显示，R. ruber 含有去甲基化酶、水解酶、脱氢酶和单加氧酶反应的基因，这意味着 R. ruber 可以生成毒性较低的 BP-1。因此，将 R. ruber 生物增殖到 BP-3 适应的生物质中，可消除 5-OH-BP-3 的积累，从而通过 BP-1 加速 BP-3 的生物降解。

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来源期刊

Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程：环境

CiteScore

25.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

3059

审稿时长

58 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.