Microplastics (MPs, 1 µm–5 mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, < 1 µm), collectively termed micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), are pervasive airborne pollutants with significant ecological risks. Birds, recognized as bioindicators, are particularly vulnerable to MNP exposure, yet the extent and risks of MNP pollution in bird lungs remain largely unexplored. This study assessed MP exposure in bird lungs of 51 species and NP exposure in the lungs of five representative species using laser direct infrared (LDIR) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) techniques, respectively. The LDIR analysis revealed different degrees of MP contamination in bird lungs, with an average abundance of 221.20 items per species and 416.22 MP particles per gram of lung. Among 32 identified MP types, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and butadiene rubber (BR) predominated, with particles primarily in film and pellet forms, concentrated in the 20–50 μm size range. The polymer hazard index (PHI) indicated elevated ecological risks (levels Ⅲ or Ⅳ) in most bird lungs. Py-GC-MS detected nylon 66 (PA66), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) NPs at varying concentrations. Terrestrial, carnivorous, and larger-bodied birds exhibited higher MNP burdens. This study provides the first evidence of MNP contamination in bird lungs, highlighting their potential as bioindicators of airborne MNP pollution.
{"title":"Assessing microplastic and nanoplastic contamination in bird lungs: evidence of ecological risks and bioindicator potential","authors":"Mengzhu Wang, Pinxi Zhou, Shane DuBay, Shangmingyu Zhang, Zhixiong Yang, Yibo Wang, Jiayu Zhang, Yiwei Cao, Zhengrui Hu, Xingcheng He, Shirui Wang, Man Li, Chen Fan, Boyan Zou, Chuang Zhou, Yongjie Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137274","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs, 1 µm–5<!-- --> <!-- -->mm) and nanoplastics (NPs, < 1<!-- --> <!-- -->µm), collectively termed micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), are pervasive airborne pollutants with significant ecological risks. Birds, recognized as bioindicators, are particularly vulnerable to MNP exposure, yet the extent and risks of MNP pollution in bird lungs remain largely unexplored. This study assessed MP exposure in bird lungs of 51 species and NP exposure in the lungs of five representative species using laser direct infrared (LDIR) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) techniques, respectively. The LDIR analysis revealed different degrees of MP contamination in bird lungs, with an average abundance of 221.20 items per species and 416.22 MP particles per gram of lung. Among 32 identified MP types, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and butadiene rubber (BR) predominated, with particles primarily in film and pellet forms, concentrated in the 20–50 μm size range. The polymer hazard index (PHI) indicated elevated ecological risks (levels Ⅲ or Ⅳ) in most bird lungs. Py-GC-MS detected nylon 66 (PA66), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) NPs at varying concentrations. Terrestrial, carnivorous, and larger-bodied birds exhibited higher MNP burdens. This study provides the first evidence of MNP contamination in bird lungs, highlighting their potential as bioindicators of airborne MNP pollution.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) in combination with heavy metals, particularly the influence of varying microplastic sizes on their toxic effects, has attracted widespread attention. In this study, red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) were exposed to MPs of two particle sizes (S-MPs: 5 μm, 1 mg/L; and L-MPs: 100 μm, 1 mg/L) and Cu (5 mg/L) individually or in combination for 96 h. The accumulation patterns of MPs were as follows: gills > intestines > hepatopancreas > muscles. Moreover, the accumulation pattern of Cu was as follows: intestines > gills > hepatopancreas > muscle. Additionally, S-MPs and L-MPs enhanced Cu accumulation, with the highest levels observed in the S-MPs+Cu-treated group. Histopathological analysis showed that the combined exposure led to greater hepatopancreatic damage. Assessment of antioxidant enzymes showed decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione among the different treatments, except for malondialdehyde, which was elevated compared to the control group. In the S-MPs+Cu-treated group, the expression levels of Cu homeostasis genes (MTF-1, ATP2, Atox1, MT) were significantly lower than those in the Cu treated group. This study provides a valuable reference for studying the combined toxic effects of MPs with varying particle sizes on heavy metals.
{"title":"Combined exposure to microplastics and copper elicited size-dependent uptake and toxicity responses in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkia)","authors":"Huixin Zeng, Yanfei Zhong, Wei Wei, Mingzhong Luo, Xiaoli Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137263","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) in combination with heavy metals, particularly the influence of varying microplastic sizes on their toxic effects, has attracted widespread attention. In this study, red swamp crayfish (<em>Procambarus clarkia</em>) were exposed to MPs of two particle sizes (S-MPs: 5 μm, 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L; and L-MPs: 100 μm, 1<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) and Cu (5<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/L) individually or in combination for 96<!-- --> <!-- -->h. The accumulation patterns of MPs were as follows: gills > intestines > hepatopancreas > muscles. Moreover, the accumulation pattern of Cu was as follows: intestines > gills > hepatopancreas > muscle. Additionally, S-MPs and L-MPs enhanced Cu accumulation, with the highest levels observed in the S-MPs+Cu-treated group. Histopathological analysis showed that the combined exposure led to greater hepatopancreatic damage. Assessment of antioxidant enzymes showed decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione among the different treatments, except for malondialdehyde, which was elevated compared to the control group. In the S-MPs+Cu-treated group, the expression levels of Cu homeostasis genes (MTF-1, ATP2, Atox1, MT) were significantly lower than those in the Cu treated group. This study provides a valuable reference for studying the combined toxic effects of MPs with varying particle sizes on heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar (BC) possesses diverse active sites (e.g., oxygen-containing groups OCGs, defects, and electronegative heteroatom) responsible for the catalytic reactions. As an ordinary indicator, specific surface area (SSA) can not accurately reflect the activity of biochar. Herein, we proposed active surface area (ASA), which referred to the surface containing active sites to characterize the activity of biochar in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). We developed a simple and non-destructive etching method to realize the regulation of OCGs and SSA in silicon-abundant biochar. Intriguingly, peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation was improved whilst periodate (PI) activation was inhibited in HFBC-AOPs. Mechanistic study and theoretical calculations revealed that the electron-transfer between tetracycline (TC) and metastable high-potential complexes BC-PDS⁎ dominated the TC oxidation in HFBC-PDS system. Meanwhile, the oxidation of TC was driven by the singlet oxygen (1O2) in PI system, where the surface –OH played a crucial role. The depletion of surface −OH well explained the inhibited TC oxidation in HFBC-PI system though the SSA was increased. Eventually, the established BC-AOPs performed excellent adaptability in complex scenarios and low eco-environmental risks through multi-level toxicity analysis. Overall, this study systematically scrutinized the critical role of ASA in BC-AOPs and enlightened the rational design of biochar for wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Active surface area determines the activity of biochar in Fenton-like oxidation processes","authors":"Ziqian Wang, Chunyu Du, Shengjiong Yang, Xiaoping Li, Rongzhi Chen, Dahu Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137272","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar (BC) possesses diverse active sites (e.g., oxygen-containing groups OCGs, defects, and electronegative heteroatom) responsible for the catalytic reactions. As an ordinary indicator, specific surface area (SSA) can not accurately reflect the activity of biochar. Herein, we proposed active surface area (ASA), which referred to the surface containing active sites to characterize the activity of biochar in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). We developed a simple and non-destructive etching method to realize the regulation of OCGs and SSA in silicon-abundant biochar. Intriguingly, peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation was improved whilst periodate (PI) activation was inhibited in HFBC-AOPs. Mechanistic study and theoretical calculations revealed that the electron-transfer between tetracycline (TC) and metastable high-potential complexes BC-PDS⁎ dominated the TC oxidation in HFBC-PDS system. Meanwhile, the oxidation of TC was driven by the singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) in PI system, where the surface –OH played a crucial role. The depletion of surface −OH well explained the inhibited TC oxidation in HFBC-PI system though the SSA was increased. Eventually, the established BC-AOPs performed excellent adaptability in complex scenarios and low eco-environmental risks through multi-level toxicity analysis. Overall, this study systematically scrutinized the critical role of ASA in BC-AOPs and enlightened the rational design of biochar for wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The catalytic filtration membrane, combining the interfacial hydrophilic effect with PMS based Fenton-like oxidation processes, demonstrates great potential as an advanced solution for alleviating membrane fouling and removing contaminants. Herein, a novel type of hollow fiber CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx@PVDF membranes was successfully fabricated. The well-designed hybrid membrane incorporating 0.5 wt% of CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx (denoted as M-0.5) as PMS activator exhibited excellent anti-fouling behavior and remarkable TC degradation efficiency. The anchored hetero-structural CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx was pivotal in driving the reaction, where the synergistic redox cycles (Ti+/Ti2+, Ti2+/Ti3+ and Co2+/Co3+) facilitated the activation of PMS. Concurrently, the plentiful hydrophilic groups especially -OH of CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx endowed M-0.5 with robust interfacial hydrophilicity, extremely boosting interactions among CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx, PMS and TC at the surface of M-0.5. Mechanism analysis revealed that the formed ∙OH, SO4·-, ·O2- and 1O2 collectively contributed to the non-selective degradation of TC. Moreover, the M-0.5+PMS system showed exceptional stability in the presence of various environmental interferences and continuous flow device. Ultimately, the degradation pathways and toxicological assessment of TC and its intermediates further substantiated the impressive catalytic oxidation performance of the M-0.5+PMS system. This insightful work cleverly integrates the macro/micro-scale design of membrane structure, promising to unlock novel opportunities for the development of water treatment.
{"title":"Interfacial hydrophilicity induced CoAl-LDH/Ti3C2Tx@PVDF Fenton-like catalytic filtration membrane for efficient anti-fouling and water decontamination","authors":"Chao Xie, Pengyu Zhang, Fankang Pan, Yi Hu, Dandan Yang, Yahui Li, Yulian Li, Jiandong Lu, Zijian Wu, Junyong He, Peidong Hong, Lingtao Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137275","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic filtration membrane, combining the interfacial hydrophilic effect with PMS based Fenton-like oxidation processes, demonstrates great potential as an advanced solution for alleviating membrane fouling and removing contaminants. Herein, a novel type of hollow fiber CoAl-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>@PVDF membranes was successfully fabricated. The well-designed hybrid membrane incorporating 0.5<!-- --> <!-- -->wt% of CoAl-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> (denoted as M-0.5) as PMS activator exhibited excellent anti-fouling behavior and remarkable TC degradation efficiency. The anchored hetero-structural CoAl-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> was pivotal in driving the reaction, where the synergistic redox cycles (Ti<sup>+</sup>/Ti<sup>2+</sup>, Ti<sup>2+</sup>/Ti<sup>3+</sup> and Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup>) facilitated the activation of PMS. Concurrently, the plentiful hydrophilic groups especially -OH of CoAl-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> endowed M-0.5 with robust interfacial hydrophilicity, extremely boosting interactions among CoAl-LDH/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>, PMS and TC at the surface of M-0.5. Mechanism analysis revealed that the formed ∙OH, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>·-</sup>, ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> collectively contributed to the non-selective degradation of TC. Moreover, the M-0.5+PMS system showed exceptional stability in the presence of various environmental interferences and continuous flow device. Ultimately, the degradation pathways and toxicological assessment of TC and its intermediates further substantiated the impressive catalytic oxidation performance of the M-0.5+PMS system. This insightful work cleverly integrates the macro/micro-scale design of membrane structure, promising to unlock novel opportunities for the development of water treatment.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137264
Wenqing Zhang, Long Zhang, Wenwen Jiang, Heran Yang, Tianya Yang, Yongzheng Zhao, Zhifeng Zhang, Yubin Ma
Stress memory is an adaptive mechanism that enables organisms to develop resilience in response to environmental changes. Among them, somatic stress memory is an important means for organisms to cope with contemporary repeated stress, and is accompanied by transcription memory. Sulfide is a common environmental pollutant; however, some organisms have adapted to survive in sulfur-rich environments. Urechis unicinctus is a sulfur-tolerant organism that enhances sulfide stress tolerance by establishing a somatic sulfide stress memory mechanism. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate sulfide stress memory remain unclear. To explore whether epigenetics, which plays a role in the response of organisms to environmental stress, is involved in regulating somatic sulfide stress memory, we performed a combined analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome data. We found that elevated levels of DNA methylation under repetitive sulfide stress regulated gene expression and resulted in enhanced sulfide stress tolerance in U. unicinctus, a phenomenon verified using DNA methylase inhibitors. Transcriptional memory can be induced in genes related to oxidative stress, regulation of autophagy, and maintenance of protein homeostasis by altering the level of DNA methylation to facilitate sulfide stress acclimation. Our results provide new insights into adaptive mechanisms to cope with environmental fluctuations.
{"title":"DNA Methylation Regulates Somatic Stress Memory and Mediates Plasticity during Acclimation to Repeated Sulfide Stress in Urechis unicinctus","authors":"Wenqing Zhang, Long Zhang, Wenwen Jiang, Heran Yang, Tianya Yang, Yongzheng Zhao, Zhifeng Zhang, Yubin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137264","url":null,"abstract":"Stress memory is an adaptive mechanism that enables organisms to develop resilience in response to environmental changes. Among them, somatic stress memory is an important means for organisms to cope with contemporary repeated stress, and is accompanied by transcription memory. Sulfide is a common environmental pollutant; however, some organisms have adapted to survive in sulfur-rich environments. <em>Urechis unicinctus</em> is a sulfur-tolerant organism that enhances sulfide stress tolerance by establishing a somatic sulfide stress memory mechanism. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate sulfide stress memory remain unclear. To explore whether epigenetics, which plays a role in the response of organisms to environmental stress, is involved in regulating somatic sulfide stress memory, we performed a combined analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome data. We found that elevated levels of DNA methylation under repetitive sulfide stress regulated gene expression and resulted in enhanced sulfide stress tolerance in <em>U. unicinctus</em>, a phenomenon verified using DNA methylase inhibitors. Transcriptional memory can be induced in genes related to oxidative stress, regulation of autophagy, and maintenance of protein homeostasis by altering the level of DNA methylation to facilitate sulfide stress acclimation. Our results provide new insights into adaptive mechanisms to cope with environmental fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPLs) are the main source of organic pollution in soil and groundwater environments. The capillary zone, with varying moisture contents, is the last barrier against the infiltration of LNAPL pollutants into groundwater and plays an important role in their migration and transformation. However, the effect and mechanism of the moisture content in the capillary zone on LNAPL pollutant migration are still unclear. Herein, to explore the effect of the moisture content on LNAPL pollutant migration, a series of sandbox migration experiments were simulated using diesel oil as a typical LNAPL pollutant and the capillary zones of fine and silty sand as research objects. Several numerical models were constructed based on the recorded migration process of LNAPL pollution fronts in the capillary zones of different media during experiments. The mechanism by which the moisture content in the capillary zone retarded LNAPL pollutant infiltration was revealed using a combination of the construction method of microstructural pores and the theory of multiphase flow. These findings unequivocally indicate that an increase in the moisture content leads to a decrease in the relative permeability of the NAPL phase in unsaturated media, which is the fundamental reason for the retarded kinetic migration of LNAPL pollutants. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for designing comprehensive and effective remediation strategies for LNAPL contamination in soil and groundwater.
{"title":"Effect and mechanism of the moisture content on the kinetic retardation of LNAPL pollutant migration by the capillary zone","authors":"Kexue Han, Rui Zuo, Ronggao Qin, Donghui Xu, Xiao Zhao, Minghao Pan, Jiawei Liu, Yunxiang Xu, Jinsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137266","url":null,"abstract":"Light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPLs) are the main source of organic pollution in soil and groundwater environments. The capillary zone, with varying moisture contents, is the last barrier against the infiltration of LNAPL pollutants into groundwater and plays an important role in their migration and transformation. However, the effect and mechanism of the moisture content in the capillary zone on LNAPL pollutant migration are still unclear. Herein, to explore the effect of the moisture content on LNAPL pollutant migration, a series of sandbox migration experiments were simulated using diesel oil as a typical LNAPL pollutant and the capillary zones of fine and silty sand as research objects. Several numerical models were constructed based on the recorded migration process of LNAPL pollution fronts in the capillary zones of different media during experiments. The mechanism by which the moisture content in the capillary zone retarded LNAPL pollutant infiltration was revealed using a combination of the construction method of microstructural pores and the theory of multiphase flow. These findings unequivocally indicate that an increase in the moisture content leads to a decrease in the relative permeability of the NAPL phase in unsaturated media, which is the fundamental reason for the retarded kinetic migration of LNAPL pollutants. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for designing comprehensive and effective remediation strategies for LNAPL contamination in soil and groundwater.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137271
Zihao Zhang, Yan Wang, Timothy F.M. Rodgers, Yubin Wu
We investigated the impacts of personal care products (PCPs) on dermal exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including phthalates, organophosphate esters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ultraviolet filters, and p-phenylenediamines, through an experiment from volunteers, explored the impact mechanisms of PCP ingredients on dermal exposure, and predicted the PCP effects on SVOC concentrations in human serum using machine learning. After applying PCPs, namely lotion, baby oil, sunscreen, and blemish balm, the dermal adsorption of SVOCs increased significantly by 1.63±0.62, 1.97±0.73, 1.91±0.48, and 2.03±0.59 times, respectively, probably due to the absorption effects of PCP ingredients. Ingredient tocopherol can increase dermal adsorption of SVOCs by 2.59±1.60 times. PCPs can either increase or decrease the SVOC transdermal exposure risks, depending on the properties of their ingredients. Blemish balm caused the highest hazard quotient for certain SVOCs, while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exhibited the highest hazard quotient. We predicted the SVOC concentrations in serum before and after applying PCPs based on the PCP-increased skin permeation doses and machine learning. PCPs can significantly increase the serum concentrations of PAHs with 2-3 rings and TCEP. This study first revealed that PCPs can significantly increase the dermal exposure of SVOCs from the surroundings, resulting in potentially higher health risks.
{"title":"Exposure experiments and machine learning revealed that personal care products can significantly increase transdermal exposure of SVOCs from the Environment","authors":"Zihao Zhang, Yan Wang, Timothy F.M. Rodgers, Yubin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137271","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the impacts of personal care products (PCPs) on dermal exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including phthalates, organophosphate esters, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ultraviolet filters, and <em>p</em>-phenylenediamines, through an experiment from volunteers, explored the impact mechanisms of PCP ingredients on dermal exposure, and predicted the PCP effects on SVOC concentrations in human serum using machine learning. After applying PCPs, namely lotion, baby oil, sunscreen, and blemish balm, the dermal adsorption of SVOCs increased significantly by 1.63±0.62, 1.97±0.73, 1.91±0.48, and 2.03±0.59 times, respectively, probably due to the absorption effects of PCP ingredients. Ingredient tocopherol can increase dermal adsorption of SVOCs by 2.59±1.60 times. PCPs can either increase or decrease the SVOC transdermal exposure risks, depending on the properties of their ingredients. Blemish balm caused the highest hazard quotient for certain SVOCs, while tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) exhibited the highest hazard quotient. We predicted the SVOC concentrations in serum before and after applying PCPs based on the PCP-increased skin permeation doses and machine learning. PCPs can significantly increase the serum concentrations of PAHs with 2-3 rings and TCEP. This study first revealed that PCPs can significantly increase the dermal exposure of SVOCs from the surroundings, resulting in potentially higher health risks.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clothianidin (CTD), a higher water-soluble neonicotinoid insecticide, easily enters water through runoff. Developing eco-friendly materials to degrade CTD is essential. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) is effective for contaminant removal, but it deactivates due to agglomeration. Biochar supported sulfidated nano zero valent iron (S-nZVI-BC) can effectively mitigate nZVI aggregation while enhancing anti-passivation and electron transfer. However, the regulation of BC preparation conditions on S-nZVI-BC performance and contaminant degradation mechanism remains elusive. This work systematically investigated the effects of BC pyrolysis temperature on FeS formation in S-nZVI-BC and CTD degradation mechanism. BC enhanced FeS crystallinity and increased Fe0 lattice constants, facilitating electron transfer. Compared to S-ZVI, the CTD removal kinetics constants of S-nZVI-BC was 2.30 folds higher. Competitive dynamics model revealed BC pyrolysis temperature and S modulated the competition between O2 and CTD, enhancing electron utilization efficiency and improving nZVI anti-passivation under oxic conditions. Quenching experiment and electrochemical tests indicated S incorporation and changes in BC pyrolysis temperature modulated nZVI active reduced species (H⁎) production and contribution to CTD degradation. Additionally, increasing FeS crystallinity by adjusting BC pyrolysis temperature improved the electron transfer efficiency of S-nZVI-BC, enabling efficient CTD degradation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed CTD preferentially undergoes nitro-reduction over dechlorination. All these findings can provide guidance for the application of S-nZVI-BC.
{"title":"Optimizing FeS crystallinity of sulfidated nZVI to enhance electron transport capacity for clothianidin efficient degradation：Regulation of biochar pyrolysis temperature","authors":"Fengmin Li, Guanjun Qu, Yinshun Dai, Chengxuan Zhao, Chunhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137256","url":null,"abstract":"Clothianidin (CTD), a higher water-soluble neonicotinoid insecticide, easily enters water through runoff. Developing eco-friendly materials to degrade CTD is essential. Nano zero valent iron (nZVI) is effective for contaminant removal, but it deactivates due to agglomeration. Biochar supported sulfidated nano zero valent iron (S-nZVI-BC) can effectively mitigate nZVI aggregation while enhancing anti-passivation and electron transfer. However, the regulation of BC preparation conditions on S-nZVI-BC performance and contaminant degradation mechanism remains elusive. This work systematically investigated the effects of BC pyrolysis temperature on FeS formation in S-nZVI-BC and CTD degradation mechanism. BC enhanced FeS crystallinity and increased Fe<sup>0</sup> lattice constants, facilitating electron transfer. Compared to S-ZVI, the CTD removal kinetics constants of S-nZVI-BC was 2.30 folds higher. Competitive dynamics model revealed BC pyrolysis temperature and S modulated the competition between O<sub>2</sub> and CTD, enhancing electron utilization efficiency and improving nZVI anti-passivation under oxic conditions. Quenching experiment and electrochemical tests indicated S incorporation and changes in BC pyrolysis temperature modulated nZVI active reduced species (H<sup>⁎</sup>) production and contribution to CTD degradation. Additionally, increasing FeS crystallinity by adjusting BC pyrolysis temperature improved the electron transfer efficiency of S-nZVI-BC, enabling efficient CTD degradation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed CTD preferentially undergoes nitro-reduction over dechlorination. All these findings can provide guidance for the application of S-nZVI-BC.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137255
Tianshu Wu, Kehan Liu, Siyuan Chen, Zongjian Ye, Jieyi Xia, Jing He, Pengcheng Xing, Jiafu Yang, Yijing Qian, Min Chen
Given the fact that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been commercially produced in quantities, it is inevitable to make their ways into environment and interact closely with the public. Even though CQDs in the environment have been reported to damage the central nervous system, the underlying mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of CQDs following respiratory exposure is still not clear. Intranasal instilled CQDs, mimicking respiratory exposure, induces neurobehavioral impairments associated with neuronal cell death of ferroptosis and disulfidptosis that is regulated by metabolic reprogramming of glutathione and cysteine pathways in the cortex and hippocampus where CQDs were hardly accumulated. Therefore, further exploration found that dysbiosis in the lung microbiome was found specifically manipulated by CQDs, which correlated with systemic and neuroinflammatory responses, implicating a lung-brain axis other than gut-brain axis as a critical pathway through which microbiota dysbiosis may impact neurological health after respiratory exposure to CQDs. This study pioneers the exploration of the neurological consequences of inhaled CQDs in the environment through the regulation of microbiome-lung-brain axis, which is key in understanding the mechanistic link between CQDs exposure and neurotoxicity. The findings could develop potential strategies for mitigating the neurological effects of CQDs even other types of nanoparticles.
{"title":"Pulmonary microbiota disruption by respiratory exposure to carbon quantum dots induces neuronal damages in mice","authors":"Tianshu Wu, Kehan Liu, Siyuan Chen, Zongjian Ye, Jieyi Xia, Jing He, Pengcheng Xing, Jiafu Yang, Yijing Qian, Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137255","url":null,"abstract":"Given the fact that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been commercially produced in quantities, it is inevitable to make their ways into environment and interact closely with the public. Even though CQDs in the environment have been reported to damage the central nervous system, the underlying mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of CQDs following respiratory exposure is still not clear. Intranasal instilled CQDs, mimicking respiratory exposure, induces neurobehavioral impairments associated with neuronal cell death of ferroptosis and disulfidptosis that is regulated by metabolic reprogramming of glutathione and cysteine pathways in the cortex and hippocampus where CQDs were hardly accumulated. Therefore, further exploration found that dysbiosis in the lung microbiome was found specifically manipulated by CQDs, which correlated with systemic and neuroinflammatory responses, implicating a lung-brain axis other than gut-brain axis as a critical pathway through which microbiota dysbiosis may impact neurological health after respiratory exposure to CQDs. This study pioneers the exploration of the neurological consequences of inhaled CQDs in the environment through the regulation of microbiome-lung-brain axis, which is key in understanding the mechanistic link between CQDs exposure and neurotoxicity. The findings could develop potential strategies for mitigating the neurological effects of CQDs even other types of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137265
Runze Li, Mengzhan Qin, Jiyuan Yan, Tao Jia, Xiaodong Sun, Jiawen Pan, Wenwen Li, Zhiguo Liu, Mohamed A El-Sheikh, Parvaiz Ahmad, Peng Liu
Previous research on cadmium (Cd) focused on toxicity, neglecting hormesis and its mechanisms. In this study, pakchoi seedlings exposed to varying soil Cd concentrations (CK, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) showed an inverted U-shaped growth trend (hormesis characteristics): As Cd concentration increases, biomass exhibited hormesis character (Cd5) and then disappear (Cd40). ROS levels rose in both Cd treatments, with Cd5 being intermediate between CK and Cd40. But Cd5 preserved cellular structure, unlike damaged Cd40, hinting ROS in Cd5 acted as signaling regulators. To clarify ROS controlled subsequent metabolic processes, a multi-omics study was conducted. The results revealed 143 DEGs and 793 DEMs across all Cd treatment. KEGG indicated among all Cd treatments, the functional differences encompass: “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism”. Through further analysis, we found that under the influence of ROS, the expression of IAA synthesis and signaling-related genes was significantly up-regulated, especially under Cd5 treatment. This further facilitated the accumulation of reducing sugars, which provided more energy for plant growth. Our research results demonstrated the signaling pathway involving ROS-IAA-Sugar metabolism, thereby providing a novel theoretical basis for cultivating more heavy metal hyperaccumulator crops and achieving phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
{"title":"Hormesis Effect of Cadmium on Pakchoi Growth: Unraveling the ROS-Mediated IAA-Sugar Metabolism from Multi-omics Perspective","authors":"Runze Li, Mengzhan Qin, Jiyuan Yan, Tao Jia, Xiaodong Sun, Jiawen Pan, Wenwen Li, Zhiguo Liu, Mohamed A El-Sheikh, Parvaiz Ahmad, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137265","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on cadmium (Cd) focused on toxicity, neglecting hormesis and its mechanisms. In this study, pakchoi seedlings exposed to varying soil Cd concentrations (CK, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg) showed an inverted U-shaped growth trend (hormesis characteristics): As Cd concentration increases, biomass exhibited hormesis character (Cd5) and then disappear (Cd40). ROS levels rose in both Cd treatments, with Cd5 being intermediate between CK and Cd40. But Cd5 preserved cellular structure, unlike damaged Cd40, hinting ROS in Cd5 acted as signaling regulators. To clarify ROS controlled subsequent metabolic processes, a multi-omics study was conducted. The results revealed 143 DEGs and 793 DEMs across all Cd treatment. KEGG indicated among all Cd treatments, the functional differences encompass: “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism”. <strong>T</strong>hrough further analysis, we found that under the influence of ROS, the expression of IAA synthesis and signaling-related genes was significantly up-regulated, especially under Cd5 treatment. This further facilitated the accumulation of reducing sugars, which provided more energy for plant growth. Our research results demonstrated the signaling pathway involving ROS-IAA-Sugar metabolism, thereby providing a novel theoretical basis for cultivating more heavy metal hyperaccumulator crops and achieving phytoremediation of contaminated soils.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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