Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138400
Tho Huu Huynh Tran, Sang Hyun Kim, Quynh Hoang Ngan Nguyen, Man Jae Kwon, Jaeshik Chung, Seunghak Lee
The vadose zone acts as a natural buffer that prevents contaminants such as arsenic (As) from contaminating groundwater resources. Despite its capability to retain As, our previous studies revealed that a substantial amount of As could be remobilized from soil under repeated wet–dry conditions. Overlooking this might underestimate the potential risk of groundwater contamination. This study quantified the remobilization of As in the vadose zone and developed a prediction model based on soil properties. 22 unsaturated soil columns were used to simulate vadose zones with varying soil properties. Repeated wet–dry cycles were conducted upon the As-retaining soil columns. Consequently, 13.9–150.6 mg/kg of As was remobilized from the columns, which corresponds to 37.0–74.6% of initially retained As. From the experimental results, a machine learning model using a random forest algorithm was established to predict the potential for As remobilization based on readily accessible soil properties, including organic matter (OM) content, iron (Fe) content, uniformity coefficient, D30, and bulk density. Shapley additive explanation analyses revealed the interrelated effects of multiple soil properties. D30, which is inter-related with Fe content, exhibited the highest contribution to As remobilization, followed by OM content, which was partially mediated by bulk density.
{"title":"Explainable machine learning for arsenic remobilization potential in the vadose zone: Leveraging readily available soil properties","authors":"Tho Huu Huynh Tran, Sang Hyun Kim, Quynh Hoang Ngan Nguyen, Man Jae Kwon, Jaeshik Chung, Seunghak Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138400","url":null,"abstract":"The vadose zone acts as a natural buffer that prevents contaminants such as arsenic (As) from contaminating groundwater resources. Despite its capability to retain As, our previous studies revealed that a substantial amount of As could be remobilized from soil under repeated wet–dry conditions. Overlooking this might underestimate the potential risk of groundwater contamination. This study quantified the remobilization of As in the vadose zone and developed a prediction model based on soil properties. 22 unsaturated soil columns were used to simulate vadose zones with varying soil properties. Repeated wet–dry cycles were conducted upon the As-retaining soil columns. Consequently, 13.9–150.6<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg of As was remobilized from the columns, which corresponds to 37.0–74.6% of initially retained As. From the experimental results, a machine learning model using a random forest algorithm was established to predict the potential for As remobilization based on readily accessible soil properties, including organic matter (OM) content, iron (Fe) content, uniformity coefficient, D<sub>30</sub>, and bulk density. Shapley additive explanation analyses revealed the interrelated effects of multiple soil properties. D<sub>30</sub>, which is inter-related with Fe content, exhibited the highest contribution to As remobilization, followed by OM content, which was partially mediated by bulk density.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experimental data on the 137Cs and 90Sr concentation in the herbaceous phytocenoses of the Dnieper floodplain ecosystems in northern Ukraine have been discussed. Different radionuclide contents in plants and soils of different ecosystems of the floodplain depends on the herbaceous phytocenoses proximity to the river bed: a higher content of radiocaesium has been found in plants and soils of the meadow and marsh ecosystems, which are close to the river bed, and radiostrontium in the marsh and psamophyte ecosystems. Besides the intensity of radionuclide uptake by plants has been determined as by the soil and the cenotic habitat conditions so the biological characteristics of the species. The species specificity of the 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation by plants and the direct dependence of the soil-to-plant transfer factor from the density of the floodplain ecosystem contamination with radionuclides have been proved. Our results testified that significant differences in the caesium and strontium distribution were observed between ecosystems, likely influenced by soil characteristics, vegetation types and biomorphs. Our data suggest that the ecosystem type played a significant role, with caesium being most abundant in ruderal ecosystems and least abundant in psamophytic ecosystems, while strontium effects were particularly high in ruderal and psamophytic ecosystems compared to meadows.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF RADIOISOTOPE CONCENTRATIONS OF 137Cs AND 90Sr IN THE HERBACEOUS PHYTOCENOSES PLANTS OF THE DNIEPER RIVER FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS (NORTHERN UKRAINE)","authors":"Oleksandr Lukash, Oleksandr Yakovenko, Iryna Miroshnyk, Halina Tkaczenko, Anita Szikura, Svitlana Strilets, Natalia Kurhaluk","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138406","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental data on the <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>90</sup>Sr concentation in the herbaceous phytocenoses of the Dnieper floodplain ecosystems in northern Ukraine have been discussed. Different radionuclide contents in plants and soils of different ecosystems of the floodplain depends on the herbaceous phytocenoses proximity to the river bed: a higher content of radiocaesium has been found in plants and soils of the meadow and marsh ecosystems, which are close to the river bed, and radiostrontium in the marsh and psamophyte ecosystems. Besides the intensity of radionuclide uptake by plants has been determined as by the soil and the cenotic habitat conditions so the biological characteristics of the species. The species specificity of the <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>90</sup>Sr accumulation by plants and the direct dependence of the soil-to-plant transfer factor from the density of the floodplain ecosystem contamination with radionuclides have been proved. Our results testified that significant differences in the caesium and strontium distribution were observed between ecosystems, likely influenced by soil characteristics, vegetation types and biomorphs. Our data suggest that the ecosystem type played a significant role, with caesium being most abundant in ruderal ecosystems and least abundant in psamophytic ecosystems, while strontium effects were particularly high in ruderal and psamophytic ecosystems compared to meadows.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138391
Changcheng Chen, Na Zheng, Huicheng Zhu, Qirui An, Xiaoqian Li, Liyuan Peng, Zhifei Xiu
Recent studies underscored the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) as vectors for cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant systems, yet the driven potential of soil fauna in real-world environments remains overlooked. This study examined the interactive effects of earthworms and polylactic acid (PLA) MPs (0.5% w/w) on rhizosphere biochemistry and Cd (2 mg/kg)-induced phytotoxicity in radish. The combined treatment of earthworms and PLA MPs significantly increased the soil available Cd (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid -extractable Cd) from 0.79 mg/kg to 1.01 mg/kg compared to the Cd treatment (p < 0.05) and enhanced the bacterial network stability. Cd accumulation in radish was significantly elevated under the combined treatment (roots: 2.04 mg/kg; leaves: 12.31 mg/kg) compared to the Cd treatment (roots: 1.59 mg/kg; leaves: 8.82 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). The combined treatment activated the radish antioxidant system. The combined treatment (roots: 6.08 g; leaves: 1.65 g) significantly reduced radish biomass compared to the Cd treatment (roots: 24.41 g; leaves: 4.45 g) (p < 0.05). Metabolic pathways involving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were disrupted. Structural equation modeling identified rhizosphere soil properties (pH, SOM, and CEC) as well as Cd and antioxidant systems in the leaf as major contributors to radish growth inhibition.
{"title":"Polylactic Acid Microplastics and Earthworms Drive Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Toxicity in the Soil–Radish Health Community","authors":"Changcheng Chen, Na Zheng, Huicheng Zhu, Qirui An, Xiaoqian Li, Liyuan Peng, Zhifei Xiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138391","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies underscored the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) as vectors for cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant systems, yet the driven potential of soil fauna in real-world environments remains overlooked. This study examined the interactive effects of earthworms and polylactic acid (PLA) MPs (0.5% <em>w</em>/<em>w</em>) on rhizosphere biochemistry and Cd (2<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg)-induced phytotoxicity in radish. The combined treatment of earthworms and PLA MPs significantly increased the soil available Cd (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid -extractable Cd) from 0.79<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg to 1.01<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg compared to the Cd treatment (<em>p</em> < 0.05) and enhanced the bacterial network stability. Cd accumulation in radish was significantly elevated under the combined treatment (roots: 2.04<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg; leaves: 12.31<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg) compared to the Cd treatment (roots: 1.59<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg; leaves: 8.82<!-- --> <!-- -->mg/kg) (<em>p</em> < 0.05). The combined treatment activated the radish antioxidant system. The combined treatment (roots: 6.08<!-- --> <!-- -->g; leaves: 1.65<!-- --> <!-- -->g) significantly reduced radish biomass compared to the Cd treatment (roots: 24.41<!-- --> <!-- -->g; leaves: 4.45<!-- --> <!-- -->g) (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Metabolic <em>p</em>athways involving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were disrupted. Structural equation modeling identified rhizosphere soil properties (pH, SOM, and CEC) as well as Cd and antioxidant systems in the leaf as major contributors to radish growth inhibition.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138394
Jing Kong, Qingjun Guo, Rongfei Wei, Ou Sha, Mingyan Mao, Suchang Yang
Isotopic tracing has been widely used to identify the sources and migration processes of Zn in diverse environments. However, Zn isotope fractionation during the migration process within the mining area poses challenges to the accuracy of isotopic tracing. To address this issue, a representative Pb-Zn mining area in the karst region of southwestern China was selected as the study area, given its long-term tailings’ pollution history and the extensive spatial distribution of Zn migration. End-member samples and environmental media (soil, plants, river water and groundwater) were systematically collected, and heavy metal concentrations and isotopic signatures were analyzed. The migration pathways of Zn and associated isotopic fractionation from end members to surrounding environments were comprehensively investigated. Results indicated that tailings constitute the dominant source of Zn, with ZnS weathering being the primary driver of Zn isotopic variability in soils. Eluviation process, characterized by selective transport of soluble Zn²⁺ enriched in heavy isotopes, was identified as the key mechanism governing Zn migration across the soil-plant-river continuum. Retention processes (adsorption by organic matter, plant uptake, and mineral interactions) exhibited minimal influence on soil Zn isotopic composition. These findings advance the understanding of Zn and Zn isotope cycling in karst ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for formulating pollution control strategies in mining areas.
{"title":"Study on the migration pathway and isotopic composition of Zn in soil, plant and water in mining area","authors":"Jing Kong, Qingjun Guo, Rongfei Wei, Ou Sha, Mingyan Mao, Suchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138394","url":null,"abstract":"Isotopic tracing has been widely used to identify the sources and migration processes of Zn in diverse environments. However, Zn isotope fractionation during the migration process within the mining area poses challenges to the accuracy of isotopic tracing. To address this issue, a representative Pb-Zn mining area in the karst region of southwestern China was selected as the study area, given its long-term tailings’ pollution history and the extensive spatial distribution of Zn migration. End-member samples and environmental media (soil, plants, river water and groundwater) were systematically collected, and heavy metal concentrations and isotopic signatures were analyzed. The migration pathways of Zn and associated isotopic fractionation from end members to surrounding environments were comprehensively investigated. Results indicated that tailings constitute the dominant source of Zn, with ZnS weathering being the primary driver of Zn isotopic variability in soils. Eluviation process, characterized by selective transport of soluble Zn²⁺ enriched in heavy isotopes, was identified as the key mechanism governing Zn migration across the soil-plant-river continuum. Retention processes (adsorption by organic matter, plant uptake, and mineral interactions) exhibited minimal influence on soil Zn isotopic composition. These findings advance the understanding of Zn and Zn isotope cycling in karst ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for formulating pollution control strategies in mining areas.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138395
Dan Yin, Ke Wang, Shilei Sun, Zhe Wang, Jinghui Wang, Baoguang Lu, Shijie You
H2S poses serious challenges in wastewater treatment plants, including unpleasant odors issues, toxicity conditions and infrastructure corrosion. In this study, we propose a novel in-situ H2S odor control process, which introduced goethite/goethite-fulvic acid (FA) bio-reduction and Fe-based catalysis into activated sludge recycling. This novel process reduced the activated sludge recycling rate from 40% to 5%, while increasing the sulfide removal efficiency from 52.97% to 87.61%. The sulfide removal capacities were 99.78 mgS/g Fe for goethite and 247.38 mgS/g Fe for goethite-FA. The bio-reduction of recycled sludge further enhanced the sulfide removal capacity to 103.43 mgS/g Fe in goethite and 337.74 mgS/g Fe for goethite-FA. Fulvic acid disrupted crystal structure, reduced electron transfer resistance and increased surface area of goethite, thereby enhancing bio-reduction efficiency and sulfide removal capacity. Moreover, aeration of inlet works further increased the sulfide removal efficiency from 12.67% to 52.83% in goethite sludge and from 23.73% to 87.61% in goethite-FA sludge. This enhancement was due to the catalytic effect of dissolved and ion-exchangeable Fe, which generated through complexation and electronegativity of recycled Fe-activated sludge. Overall, the novel H2S control process can achieve high sulfide removal efficiency while maintaining low recycling rate and operation costs.
{"title":"Enhanced in-situ sulfide removal via goethite-fulvic acid bio-reduction and iron-based catalysis in activated sludge recycling odor control system","authors":"Dan Yin, Ke Wang, Shilei Sun, Zhe Wang, Jinghui Wang, Baoguang Lu, Shijie You","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138395","url":null,"abstract":"H<sub>2</sub>S poses serious challenges in wastewater treatment plants, including unpleasant odors issues, toxicity conditions and infrastructure corrosion. In this study, we propose a novel in-situ H<sub>2</sub>S odor control process, which introduced goethite/goethite-fulvic acid (FA) bio-reduction and Fe-based catalysis into activated sludge recycling. This novel process reduced the activated sludge recycling rate from 40% to 5%, while increasing the sulfide removal efficiency from 52.97% to 87.61%. The sulfide removal capacities were 99.78 mgS/g Fe for goethite and 247.38 mgS/g Fe for goethite-FA. The bio-reduction of recycled sludge further enhanced the sulfide removal capacity to 103.43 mgS/g Fe in goethite and 337.74 mgS/g Fe for goethite-FA. Fulvic acid disrupted crystal structure, reduced electron transfer resistance and increased surface area of goethite, thereby enhancing bio-reduction efficiency and sulfide removal capacity. Moreover, aeration of inlet works further increased the sulfide removal efficiency from 12.67% to 52.83% in goethite sludge and from 23.73% to 87.61% in goethite-FA sludge. This enhancement was due to the catalytic effect of dissolved and ion-exchangeable Fe, which generated through complexation and electronegativity of recycled Fe-activated sludge. Overall, the novel H<sub>2</sub>S control process can achieve high sulfide removal efficiency while maintaining low recycling rate and operation costs.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bioconversion of black soldier fly (BSF) is a new model of livestock manure resourcing. However, the biochemical properties of BSF manure are unstable and direct application can be harmful to crops. Therefore, the effect of additives (biochar, humic acid and tea residue) on the removal of heavy metals and pathogens from BSF compost was investigated. Biochar inhibited the availability of Zn (58.9%) and As (51.7%) more significantly. Humic acid and tea residue significantly reduced the availability of Zn (60.8%) and As (42.5%) respectively. Humic acid and tea residue inhibited the bioavailability index of heavy metals more than biochar. At the end of composting, the total number of pathogenic bacteria was reduced by 80.1% to 96.0% and pathogenic fungi by 41.4% to 99.9%. Humic acid and biochar are more helpful in inhibiting the growth of pathogens. The abundance of dominant pathogenic genera was reduced by additive modulation. OM, EC, and temperature were the most key factors affecting the pathogenic bacteria. OM, pH, EC, Cu, Zn, and Cr also responded significantly to the pathogenic fungi. This study promotes the efficient conversion of livestock manure via BSF and provided theoretical guidance for the removal of pollutants in compost.
{"title":"Assessment of the combined response of heavy metals and human pathogens to different additives during composting of black soldier fly manure","authors":"Nanyi Wang, Yong He, Xiaobing Zhang, Ying Wang, Hua Peng, Jiachao Zhang, Xichen Zhao, Anwei Chen, Renli Qi, , Lin Luo, Liuqin He","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138347","url":null,"abstract":"The bioconversion of black soldier fly (BSF) is a new model of livestock manure resourcing. However, the biochemical properties of BSF manure are unstable and direct application can be harmful to crops. Therefore, the effect of additives (biochar, humic acid and tea residue) on the removal of heavy metals and pathogens from BSF compost was investigated. Biochar inhibited the availability of Zn (58.9%) and As (51.7%) more significantly. Humic acid and tea residue significantly reduced the availability of Zn (60.8%) and As (42.5%) respectively. Humic acid and tea residue inhibited the bioavailability index of heavy metals more than biochar. At the end of composting, the total number of pathogenic bacteria was reduced by 80.1% to 96.0% and pathogenic fungi by 41.4% to 99.9%. Humic acid and biochar are more helpful in inhibiting the growth of pathogens. The abundance of dominant pathogenic genera was reduced by additive modulation. OM, EC, and temperature were the most key factors affecting the pathogenic bacteria. OM, pH, EC, Cu, Zn, and Cr also responded significantly to the pathogenic fungi. This study promotes the efficient conversion of livestock manure via BSF and provided theoretical guidance for the removal of pollutants in compost.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138392
Hong Lee, Yeonhwa Kim, Yuji Cho, Eun Jung Jeon, Sang Hoon Jeong, Ju-Han Lee, Suhyun Kim
Nociception is a critical biological process that facilitates detecting and avoiding harmful stimuli. Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) are biocidal agents widely used in disinfectants and cosmetics, however, their effects on nociceptive pathways and neurotoxicity remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the neurotoxic and nociceptive effects of CMIT/MIT mixtures in zebrafish models. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to CMIT/MIT, and their behavioral and molecular responses to nociceptive stimuli were assessed. Acute exposure (4 -72 h post-fertilization) to CMIT/MIT (15 and 30 μg/L) led to heightened behavioral responses to noxious stimuli, significantly increasing velocity and neuronal activity. Molecular analysis revealed the upregulated expression of nociception-related and inflammatory markers. Subchronic exposure (4 hpf to 28 days post-fertilization) to lower CMIT/MIT concentrations resulted in prolonged freezing responses and reduced the movement in zebrafish larvae. Protein-protein interaction analysis further identified key pathways, including calcium signaling, MAPK, and neuroinflammation, affected by CMIT/MIT exposure. This study provides evidence that even low levels of CMIT/MIT exposure can enhance nociceptive responses by activating sensory neurons and modulating inflammatory pathways, raising concerns about the neurotoxic potential of these widely used biocidal compounds.
{"title":"Nociceptive effects and gene alterations of CMIT/MIT mixture in zebrafish embryos and larvae","authors":"Hong Lee, Yeonhwa Kim, Yuji Cho, Eun Jung Jeon, Sang Hoon Jeong, Ju-Han Lee, Suhyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138392","url":null,"abstract":"Nociception is a critical biological process that facilitates detecting and avoiding harmful stimuli. Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) are biocidal agents widely used in disinfectants and cosmetics, however, their effects on nociceptive pathways and neurotoxicity remain insufficiently understood. This study investigated the neurotoxic and nociceptive effects of CMIT/MIT mixtures in zebrafish models. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to CMIT/MIT, and their behavioral and molecular responses to nociceptive stimuli were assessed. Acute exposure (4 -72 h post-fertilization) to CMIT/MIT (15 and 30<!-- --> <!-- -->μg/L) led to heightened behavioral responses to noxious stimuli, significantly increasing velocity and neuronal activity. Molecular analysis revealed the upregulated expression of nociception-related and inflammatory markers. Subchronic exposure (4 hpf to 28 days post-fertilization) to lower CMIT/MIT concentrations resulted in prolonged freezing responses and reduced the movement in zebrafish larvae. Protein-protein interaction analysis further identified key pathways, including calcium signaling, MAPK, and neuroinflammation, affected by CMIT/MIT exposure. This study provides evidence that even low levels of CMIT/MIT exposure can enhance nociceptive responses by activating sensory neurons and modulating inflammatory pathways, raising concerns about the neurotoxic potential of these widely used biocidal compounds.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) poses significant environmental risk. The mechanism by which simulated sunlight irradiation induces ARB to enter the VBNC state remains unclear. This study systematically explored the photochemical generation mechanism of VBNC-ARB in natural water. Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) was selected as a representative ARB. The results showed that AR E. coli lost cultivability under sunlight with 91.1% of AR E. coli entering the VBNC state. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) slightly enhanced this effect and can induce 95.9% of AR E. coli into the VBNC state. Under sunlight exposure, oxidative stress and the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in AR E. coli were identified as key factors in inducing the VBNC state. This process was accompanied by a deterioration in cell membrane fluidity, upregulation of cell wall and outer membrane-related genes, and toxin-mediated inhibition of DNA replication. Importantly, AR E. coli retained intact antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and could reactivate these genes in the dark, with SRFA promoting this recovery. Therefore, VBNC-ARB remains antibiotic resistance and increases virulence expression, consequently increasing human health risks. These findings underscore the need for effective strategies to manage VBNC-ARB in environmental systems.
{"title":"Non-negligible effects of sunlight irradiation on generation of VBNC-state antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural water","authors":"Tingting Zhang, Fangyuan Cheng, Linyi Fan, Ya-nan Zhang, Jiao Qu, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138397","url":null,"abstract":"The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) poses significant environmental risk. The mechanism by which simulated sunlight irradiation induces ARB to enter the VBNC state remains unclear. This study systematically explored the photochemical generation mechanism of VBNC-ARB in natural water. Ampicillin-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> (AR <em>E. coli</em>) was selected as a representative ARB. The results showed that AR <em>E. coli</em> lost cultivability under sunlight with 91.1% of AR <em>E. coli</em> entering the VBNC state. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) slightly enhanced this effect and can induce 95.9% of AR <em>E. coli</em> into the VBNC state. Under sunlight exposure, oxidative stress and the toxin-antitoxin (TA) system in AR <em>E. coli</em> were identified as key factors in inducing the VBNC state. This process was accompanied by a deterioration in cell membrane fluidity, upregulation of cell wall and outer membrane-related genes, and toxin-mediated inhibition of DNA replication. Importantly, AR <em>E. coli</em> retained intact antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and could reactivate these genes in the dark, with SRFA promoting this recovery. Therefore, VBNC-ARB remains antibiotic resistance and increases virulence expression, consequently increasing human health risks. These findings underscore the need for effective strategies to manage VBNC-ARB in environmental systems.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the rapid expansion of in vitro digestion studies on microplastics (MPs), the field remains fragmented due to inconsistent methodologies, varying analytical approaches, and a lack of standardized protocols. These discrepancies hinder cross-study comparisons, complicate risk assessments, and limit the applicability of in vitro models for understanding MP fate and pollutant interactions in the gastrointestinal environment. A comprehensive synthesis is needed to assess progress, identify research gaps, and establish a unified research direction. This review systematically evaluates 85 studies (2020–2024), consolidating key findings and methodological challenges. It examines disparities in digestion protocols, fluid compositions, and exposure conditions, assessing how factors such as pH, enzyme activity, residence time, and temperature shape MPs' behavior and physicochemical transformations. Key findings on bio-corona formation, structural modifications, contaminant bioaccessibility, and interactions with digestive enzymes are synthesized to provide a clearer picture of MP behavior during digestion. With the field remains dominated by studies on polystyrene and polyethylene MPs in human-based models, inconsistencies persist, highlighting the urgent need for standardized methodologies. By addressing these gaps, this review lays a critical foundation for improving reproducibility, advancing standardization efforts, and strengthening exposure assessments, ultimately enhancing our understanding of MP ingestion risks to human health.
{"title":"Unraveling microplastic behavior in simulated digestion: Methods, insights, and standardization","authors":"Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy , V.C. Shruti , Fermín Pérez-Guevara , Berenice Dafne Garcia Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the rapid expansion of <em>in vitro</em> digestion studies on microplastics (MPs), the field remains fragmented due to inconsistent methodologies, varying analytical approaches, and a lack of standardized protocols. These discrepancies hinder cross-study comparisons, complicate risk assessments, and limit the applicability of <em>in vitro</em> models for understanding MP fate and pollutant interactions in the gastrointestinal environment. A comprehensive synthesis is needed to assess progress, identify research gaps, and establish a unified research direction. This review systematically evaluates 85 studies (2020–2024), consolidating key findings and methodological challenges. It examines disparities in digestion protocols, fluid compositions, and exposure conditions, assessing how factors such as pH, enzyme activity, residence time, and temperature shape MPs' behavior and physicochemical transformations. Key findings on bio-corona formation, structural modifications, contaminant bioaccessibility, and interactions with digestive enzymes are synthesized to provide a clearer picture of MP behavior during digestion. With the field remains dominated by studies on polystyrene and polyethylene MPs in human-based models, inconsistencies persist, highlighting the urgent need for standardized methodologies. By addressing these gaps, this review lays a critical foundation for improving reproducibility, advancing standardization efforts, and strengthening exposure assessments, ultimately enhancing our understanding of MP ingestion risks to human health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"493 ","pages":"Article 138340"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Semiconductor photocatalysis presents significant potential for reducing low concentrations of NO, yet achieving efficient and selective conversion of NO to NO3—while suppressing toxic NO2 release remains challenging. Here, a UiO-66-67-NH2 S-scheme heterojunction, synthesized by integrating UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-67-NH2, generate ·O2— as the sole active species for efficient NO to NO3—conversion under visible light. The photocatalytic performance evaluation indicates that the optimized UiO-66-67-NH2 efficiently and selectively converts NO to NO3−. The photocatalytic NO removal efficiency reaches 78%, which is 2.2 times and 3.4 times higher than that of the individual UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-67-NH2, respectively. Experimental results and DFT calculations reveal that charge redistributions within the heterojunction creates an internal electric field, facilitating effective charge separation. The selective adsorption of O2 and NO at the Zr sites facilitates of ·O2— generation and NO enrichment, while the -NH2 sites suppress the formation of ·OH and 1O2, inhibiting NO2 release. The rate-determining step, reaction between *NO2 and *O is energetically favored in the heterojunction, accelerating NO3— formation. This study provides valuable insights into designing photocatalysts for environmental remediation by controlling reactive oxygen species and NO removal.
{"title":"Highly selective conversion of NO to NO3—through radical modulation over UiO-66-67-NH2 S-scheme heterojunction","authors":"Ping Tan, Zhuo Wang, Zhen Mao, Riming Hu, Jiayuan Yu, Yuhan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138356","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor photocatalysis presents significant potential for reducing low concentrations of NO, yet achieving efficient and selective conversion of NO to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>—</sup>while suppressing toxic NO<sub>2</sub> release remains challenging. Here, a UiO-66-67-NH<sub>2</sub> S-scheme heterojunction, synthesized by integrating UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> and UiO-67-NH<sub>2</sub>, generate ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>—</sup> as the sole active species for efficient NO to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>—</sup>conversion under visible light. The photocatalytic performance evaluation indicates that the optimized UiO-66-67-NH<sub>2</sub> efficiently and selectively converts NO to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>. The photocatalytic NO removal efficiency reaches 78%, which is 2.2 times and 3.4 times higher than that of the individual UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> and UiO-67-NH<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Experimental results and DFT calculations reveal that charge redistributions within the heterojunction creates an internal electric field, facilitating effective charge separation. The selective adsorption of O<sub>2</sub> and NO at the Zr sites facilitates of ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>—</sup> generation and NO enrichment, while the -NH<sub>2</sub> sites suppress the formation of ·OH and <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, inhibiting NO<sub>2</sub> release. The rate-determining step, reaction between *NO<sub>2</sub> and *O is energetically favored in the heterojunction, accelerating NO<sub>3</sub><sup>—</sup> formation. This study provides valuable insights into designing photocatalysts for environmental remediation by controlling reactive oxygen species and NO removal.","PeriodicalId":361,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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