Bizhan Nemati, Seyed Mohammad Hassan Hosseini, Hassan Siahkali
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
With the growth of the load in the electricity networks, sufficient investment in the generation and lines expansion should be made in order to provide the energy needed by consumers with the lowest possible investment and operation costs. This issue is especially important in distribution networks, which are faced with the uncertainties of renewable energy generation and the development of microgrids and related issues.
In this article, the planning of generation and lines expansion has been modeled with the aim of minimizing the total costs of microgrids, based on the cooperative approach. For this purpose, a bi-level model has been developed; on the upper level, microgrids make investment decisions with a cooperative approach, and a constrained stochastic formulation has been developed with considering operational uncertainties on the lower level. Also, in this article, in order to ensure the supply of critical loads in island conditions, the self-sufficiency index is defined. Three case studies have been considered to ensure the effectiveness of the developed model. In case 1, each microgrid will be able to supply its load only by generating of its units and purchasing from the retail market. In case 2, the possibility of trading with other microgrids in a non-cooperative approach will also be available to the microgrids operators, and in case 3, microgrids can exchange energy with other microgrids in a cooperative manner. The simulation results showed that due to the possibility of using nearby microgrid resources, the cost of microgrid load supply in case 2 was reduced by 4.84% compared to case 1. Also, this cost in case 3 was reduced by 5.23% and 0.38%, respectively, compared to cases 1 and 2, due to the use of a cooperative manner in microgrid load providing.
期刊介绍:
IET Renewable Power Generation (RPG) brings together the topics of renewable energy technology, power generation and systems integration, with techno-economic issues. All renewable energy generation technologies are within the scope of the journal.
Specific technology areas covered by the journal include:
Wind power technology and systems
Photovoltaics
Solar thermal power generation
Geothermal energy
Fuel cells
Wave power
Marine current energy
Biomass conversion and power generation
What differentiates RPG from technology specific journals is a concern with power generation and how the characteristics of the different renewable sources affect electrical power conversion, including power electronic design, integration in to power systems, and techno-economic issues. Other technologies that have a direct role in sustainable power generation such as fuel cells and energy storage are also covered, as are system control approaches such as demand side management, which facilitate the integration of renewable sources into power systems, both large and small.
The journal provides a forum for the presentation of new research, development and applications of renewable power generation. Demonstrations and experimentally based research are particularly valued, and modelling studies should as far as possible be validated so as to give confidence that the models are representative of real-world behavior. Research that explores issues where the characteristics of the renewable energy source and their control impact on the power conversion is welcome. Papers covering the wider areas of power system control and operation, including scheduling and protection that are central to the challenge of renewable power integration are particularly encouraged.
The journal is technology focused covering design, demonstration, modelling and analysis, but papers covering techno-economic issues are also of interest. Papers presenting new modelling and theory are welcome but this must be relevant to real power systems and power generation. Most papers are expected to include significant novelty of approach or application that has general applicability, and where appropriate include experimental results. Critical reviews of relevant topics are also invited and these would be expected to be comprehensive and fully referenced.
Current Special Issue. Call for papers:
Power Quality and Protection in Renewable Energy Systems and Microgrids - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_RPG_CFP_PQPRESM.pdf
Energy and Rail/Road Transportation Integrated Development - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_RPG_CFP_ERTID.pdf