Are standing balance and walking ability deficits poststroke related to the integrity of the corticospinal and non-corticospinal tracts? A meta-analysis.

Abstract

Background: The importance of corticospinal tract (CST) integrity in upper limb recovery poststroke is well established, but its association with standing balance and walking remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to establish the relationship between CST and non-CST motor tract integrity, and clinical scores of standing balance and walking poststroke.

Methods: In July 2024, five databases were searched for studies, focusing on diffusion MRI metrics and clinical scores of standing balance and/or walking independence poststroke. Meta-analyses were conducted to pool correlation coefficients (r) and group differences (d) based on CST integrity.

Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Cross-sectional analysis showed no correlation (r < .25) between CST metrics and the functional ambulation category (FAC) in the sub-acute phase. Weak prognostic associations were found for CST-FA and CST-FN with FAC. Significant FAC score differences were found between preserved- and disrupted CST groups in the sub-acute (d = .79) and chronic (d = 1.07) phase and for prognostic analysis (d = 1.40). Non-CST metrics showed no cross-sectional associations and mixed prognostic associations.

Conclusions: CST integrity was not significantly associated with standing balance or walking independence in the sub-acute phase. Early CST integrity showed weak prognostic value for walking at 6 months. Multimodal longitudinal research is needed to improve lower limb recovery prognostics.